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Course: AST 346, Spring 2011School: SUNY Stony Brook
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# Homework 10, due 9 May (no penalty up to 17 May) 1. Compute the deection angle of a star whose light just grazes the limb of the Sun. Also compute the deection angle of a star whose light just grazes the limb of a 1.4M neutron star, if the neutron star was at the same distance from the Earth as the Sun. State assumptions. 2. Use the Plummer potential model, with a value of a = 100 kpc, together with the Viral...
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# Homework 10, due 9 May (no penalty up to 17 May)
1. Compute the deection angle of a star whose light just grazes the
limb of the Sun. Also compute the deection angle of a star whose
light just grazes the limb of a 1.4M neutron star, if the neutron
star was at the same distance from the Earth as the Sun. State
assumptions.
2. Use the Plummer potential model, with a value of a = 100 kpc,
together with the Viral theorem to infer a value for galaxy masses
in Fig. 7.3 assuming that all the have galaxies the same mass. Do
not include Stephans Quintet in this estimation.
3. From dynamical friction, determine that the LMC will sink into
the Milky Ways center in about 3 Gyr. About how long will
it take a typical Galactic globular cluster to sink into the Milky
Ways center? State your assumptions.
4. There is a gure in the text showing that the luminosity in X-rays
LX increases as the cube of the X-ray temperature TX . Can you
provide an analytic argument showing why this is?
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SUNY Stony Brook - AST - 346
Homework # 10 Solutions1. Compute the deection angle of a star whose light just grazes the limb of theSun. Also compute the deection angle of a star whose light just grazes thelimb of a 1.4M neutron star, if the neutron star was at the same distancefr
SUNY Stony Brook - AST - 346
Major Topics1. IntroductionStars, the Milky Way, Other Galaxies, Cosmology2. The Galaxy and its ComponentsLuminosity/Mass Functions, Distances, Clusters, Rotation3. The Interstellar MediumGas, Dust, Emission and Absorption4. Galactic DynamicsGravi
SUNY Stony Brook - AST - 346
The Local Milky Way Color-Magnitude Diagram15,630 starsd < 100 pcM0age dierencesHalf of stars withMV > 10 are notdetected.metallicity dierenceswhite dwarfsJ.M. LattimerAST 346, Galaxies, Part 2red giantsF0 G0 K0 red clumpDistances from Hipp
SUNY Stony Brook - AST - 346
Importance of the Interstellar MediumGas has important diagnosticpropertiesRole in the star/gas cyclefacilitates ongoing starformationrepository for element buildup;integral for chemical evolutionGas can cool, so its collapse isdissipationalHot
SUNY Stony Brook - AST - 346
Stellar DynamicsStellar systems vs. gasesGravitational potentialSpherical and disk potentialsOrbits in the stellar neighborhoodOrbits of single starsOrbits of stars in clustersThe virial theoremMeasuring masses from motionsEective potentials and
SUNY Stony Brook - AST - 346
The Local Group and Galactic EvolutionThe Local GroupSatellite GalaxiesCepheid VariablesTides and the Roche LimitLocal SpiralsChemical EvolutionDwarf GalaxiesFuture of the Local GroupJ.M. LattimerAST 346, Galaxies, Part 5The Local GroupJ.M. La
SUNY Stony Brook - AST - 248
AST 248The Search for Life in the UniverseJames Lattimerlattimer@astro.sunysb.eduDepartment of Physics & Astronomy449 ESS Bldg.Stony Brook UniversityLattimer, AST 248, Lecture 1 p.1/8Course ComponentsOfce Hours: 2:30 3:30 Tu, W, Th, ESS 449Exams
SUNY Stony Brook - AST - 248
The Sun: Example of Radiation Laws= 4 1033 erg/sLUse Wiens Law to nd the surface temperature of the Sun:T = 0.29 cm/max 6000 KInvert the blackbody luminosity formula to derive the solar radius:Yellow color means that the peak wavelength of the Suns
SUNY Stony Brook - AST - 248
Galaxies Galaxies are self-gravitating systems containing billions The observed universe has billions of galaxies. We live in a Galaxy known as the Milky Way. Galaxies dont exist randomly in space, but tend to cluster.S. Harrisof stars and having di
SUNY Stony Brook - AST - 248
Star Formation Dense cores of molecular clouds collapse into hotplasma which eventually triggers nuclear reactions. Release of gravitational energy both heats thematerial and produces infrared radiation. Conservation of angular momentum requires spin
SUNY Stony Brook - AST - 248
Radioactive DatingNucleus Sm147 Rb87 Th232 U238 K40 U235 I129 Al26 Cl36 Kr81 C14 H3 (tritium) Decay Product Nd143 Sr87 Pb208 Pb206 Ar40 Pb207 Xe129 Mg26 Ar36 Br81 N14 He3 Half Life 106 Gyr 48.8 Gyr 14.4 Gyr 4.47 Gyr 1.25 Gyr 0.70 Gyr 15.7 Myr 717,000 yr
SUNY Stony Brook - AST - 248
Determining Earth's Interior StructureSeismic (Body) Waves P waves Compressional or longitudinal (analogous to sound waves in air), can travel through fluid, solid and gaseous materials. P means primary, because they travel faster and arrive sooner. S
SUNY Stony Brook - AST - 248
Unity of LifeAll lifeforms on Earth have a common system. Examples:universal usage of DNA to store genetic informationthe ribosome technique of protein synthesisproteins serve as enzymes and catalyststhe same 20 amino acids are always used, and only
SUNY Stony Brook - AST - 248
Chemical Evolution Theory of Lifes Origins1. the synthesis and accumulation of small organic molecules, or monomers, such asamino acids and nucleotides. Production of glycine (an amino acid)energy3 HCN + 2 H2 O C2 H5 O2 N + CN2 H2 .Production of ade
SUNY Stony Brook - AST - 248
Development of ComplexityCatastrophe TheoryConsider a potential functionV (x) = x3 + ax.When a < 0 there is both astable minimum (dots) and anunstable maximum in thepotential.As a is slowly increased, theequilibrium system movessmoothly to small
SUNY Stony Brook - AST - 248
Catastrophes and EvolutionExtinction was not widely accepted before 1800.Over 99% of all species that have ever existed are now extinct.Extinction was established as a fact by Georges Cuvier in 1796, and was criticalfor the spread of uniformitarinism
SUNY Stony Brook - AST - 248
Facts Concerning the Solar SystemAll the planets roughly orbit the Sun in a plane.The planets differ in composition: the planets nearest the Sun tend to be small,dense and metal-rich, whereas the planets farthest from the Sun tend to be large,light an
SUNY Stony Brook - AST - 248
Mars in HistoryLattimer, AST 248, Lecture 19 p.1/16Mars in HistoryLattimer, AST 248, Lecture 19 p.2/16Lattimer, AST 248, Lecture 19 p.3/16MarsMass (1/10), radius (1/2) and atmosphere(.7.9%) smaller than Earths.Rotation rate is nearly that of Earth
SUNY Stony Brook - AST - 248
Giant PlanetsMass, radius, rotation rate and atmosphere aresignicantly larger than Earths.Overall compositions similar to Suns except thatheavy elements are 510 times more abundant:6070% H, 2530% He, 515% C, N, O, Si, S, Fe, etc.Gaseous envelope and
SUNY Stony Brook - AST - 248
www.nineplanets.orgLattimer, AST 248, Lecture 21 p.1/17TitanOnly moon with substantial atmosphere,1.5 times EarthsSaturns largest satellite and second largestin Solar SystemAtmosphere a result of relatively coldtemperature and high gravityMajor g
SUNY Stony Brook - AST - 248
Uniqueness of Earth?Sun has sufcient Main Sequence lifetime for life to develop and evolve.The size of Earth large enoughformed with signicant but not too largeatmosphere. Varying luminosity of Sun compensated by greenhouse effect.Has large moon that
SUNY Stony Brook - AST - 248
The Drake Equationns , total number of stars in Galaxy of the right type (6 billion)f , fraction on which life actually develops (100%)L, average lifetime of civilizationsfp , fraction of these stars with planets (5%)ne , average number of planets or
SUNY Stony Brook - AST - 248
Communication by RadioAdvantages:Speed: velocity of light exceeds physical transportation speedsCost is small compared to space voyages or probesCommonly used bands in the radio spectrum.What determines the choice of communication frequency?1. Econo
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LSU - EE - 3750
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