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EXPLANATION

Course: ACC 101\, Spring 2011
School: Ateneo de Manila...
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Bhutan's Though economy is one of the world's smallest, it has grown rapidly in recent years, by eight percent in 2005 and 14 percent in 2006. In 2007, Bhutan had the second fastest growing economy in the world, with an annual economic growth rate of 22.4 percent. This was mainly due to the commissioning of the gigantic Tala Hydroelectricity project. As of March 2006, Bhutan's per capita income was US$1,321....

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Bhutan's Though economy is one of the world's smallest, it has grown rapidly in recent years, by eight percent in 2005 and 14 percent in 2006. In 2007, Bhutan had the second fastest growing economy in the world, with an annual economic growth rate of 22.4 percent. This was mainly due to the commissioning of the gigantic Tala Hydroelectricity project. As of March 2006, Bhutan's per capita income was US$1,321. Bhutan's economy is based on agriculture, forestry, tourism and the sale of hydroelectric power to India. Agriculture provides the main livelihood for more than 80 percent of the population. Agrarian practices consist largely of subsistence farming and animal husbandry. Handicrafts, particularly weaving and the manufacture of religious art for home altars, are a small cottage industry. A landscape that varies from hilly to ruggedly mountainous has made the building of roads and other infrastructure difficult and expensive. This, and a lack of access to the sea, has meant that Bhutan has not been able to benefit from significant trading of its produce. Bhutan does not have any railways, though Indian Railways plans to link southern Bhutan to its vast network under an agreement signed in January 2005.[35] Bhutan and India signed a 'free trade' accord in 2008, which additionally allowed Bhutanese imports and exports from third markets to transit India without tariffs.[36] Bhutan had trade relations with the Tibet region until 1960, when it closed its border with China after an influx of refugees.[37] Haa Valley The industrial sector is in a nascent stage, and though most production comes from cottage industry, larger industries are being encouraged and some industries such as cement, steel, and ferroalloy have been set up. Most development projects, such as road construction, rely on Indian contract labour. Agricultural produce includes rice, chilies, dairy (some yak, mostly cow) products, buckwheat, barley, root crops, apples, and citrus and maize at lower elevations. Industries include cement, wood products, processed fruits, alcoholic beverages and calcium carbide. Incomes of over Nu 100,000 per annum are taxed, but very few wage and salary earners qualify. Bhutan's inflation rate was estimated at about three percent in 2003. Bhutan has a Gross Domestic Product of around USD 2.913 billion (adjusted to Purchasing Power Parity), making it the 162nd largest economy in the world. Per capita income is around $1,400,[1] ranked 124th. Government revenues total $272 million, though expenditures amount to $350 million. 60 percent of the budget expenditure, however, is financed by India's Ministry of External Affairs. [38] Bhutan's exports, principally electricity, cardamom, gypsum, timber, handicrafts, cement, fruit, precious stones and spices, total 128 million (2000 est.). Imports, however, amount to 164 million, leading to a trade deficit. Main items imported include fuel and lubricants, grain, machinery, vehicles, fabrics and rice. Bhutan's main export partner is India, accounting for 58.6 percent of its export goods. Hong Kong (30.1 percent) and Bangladesh (7.3 percent) are the other two top export partners.[1] As its border with Tibet is closed, trade between Bhutan and China is now almost non-existent. Bhutan's import partners include India (74.5 percent), Japan (7.4 percent) and Sweden (3.2 percent). Qatar has experienced rapid economic growth over the last several years due to high oil prices, and in 2008 posted its eighth consecutive budget surplus. Economic policy is focused on developing Qatar's non-associated natural gas reserves and increasing private and foreign investment in non-energy sectors, but oil and gas still account for more than 50% of GDP; roughly 85% of export earnings, and 70% of government revenues. Oil and gas have made Qatar one of the highest per-capita income countries, and one of the world's fastest growing. Proved oil reserves of 15 billion barrels should enable continued output at current levels for 37 years. Qatar's proved reserves of natural gas are nearly 26 trillion cubic metres, about 14% of the world total and the third largest in the world. Before the discovery of oil, the economy of the Qatari region focused on fishing and pearl hunting. After the introduction of the Japanese cultured pearl onto the world market in the 1920s and 1930s, Qatar's pearling industry crashed. However, the discovery of oil, beginning in the 1940s, completely transformed the state's economy. Now, the country has a high standard of living, with many social services offered to its citizens and all the amenities of any modern state. It relies heavily on foreign labour to grow its economy, to the extent that 94% of its labour is carried out by foreigners. Labour laws offer little protection for the foreign labourers mostly coming from developing countries. Qatars national income primarily derives from oil and natural gas exports. The country has oil reserves of 15 billion barrels, while gas reserves in the giant North Field (which straddles the border with Saudi Arabia and is almost as large as the peninsula itself) are estimated to be between 80 trillion cubic feet (2.31012 m3) to 800 trillion cubic feet (231012 m3) (1 trillion cubic feet of gas is equivalent to about 180 million barrels (29106 m3) of oil). Qataris wealth and standard of living compare well with those of Western European states; Qatar has the second-highest GDP per capita in the Arab World, after the United Arab Emirates, according to the International Monetary Fund (2006)[31] and the second highest GDP per capita in the world according to the CIA World Factbook.[14] With no income tax, Qatar, along with Bahrain, is one of the countries with the lowest tax rates in the world. West Bay in Doha While oil and gas will probably remain the backbone of Qatars economy for some time to come, the country seeks to stimulate the private sector and develop a knowledge economy. In 2004, it established the Qatar Science & Technology Park to attract and serve technology-based companies and entrepreneurs, from overseas and within Qatar. Qatar also established Education City, which consists of international colleges. For the 15th Asian Games in Doha, it established Doha Sports City, consisting of Khalifa stadium, the Aspire Sports Academy, aquatic centres, exhibition centres and many other sports related buildings and centres. Following the success of the Asian Games, Doha kicked off an official bid to host the 2016 Summer Olympics in October 2007.[32] Its bid was finaly eliminated from consideration in June 2008. Qatar also plans to build an "entertainment city" in the future. The Qatari government hopes that large-scale investment in all social and economic sectors will lead to the development of a strong financial market. The Qatar Financial Centre (QFC) provides financial institutions with world-class services in investment, margin and no-interest loans, and capital support. These platforms are situated in an economy founded on the development of its hydrocarbons resources, specifically its exportation of petroleum. It has been created with a long term perspective to support the development of Qatar and the wider region, develop local and regional markets, and strengthen the links between the energy based economies and global financial markets. Apart from Qatar itself, which needs to raise capital to finance projects of more than $130 billion, the QFC also provides a conduit for financial institutions to access nearly $1.0 trillion of investments which stretch across the GCC (Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf) as a whole over the next decade. Commercial ties between the United States and Qatar have been expanding at a rapid pace over the last five years, with trade volumes growing by more than 340%, from $738 million in 2003 to $3.2 billion in 2009. Over the same period, U.S. exports increased 580 percent to $2.7 billion, making the United States the largest import partner for Qatar. US companies look to play key role in the $60 billion dollars that Qatar will invest in roads, infrastructure development, housing and real estate, health/medical and sanitation projects in the next decade. The new town of Lusail, the largest project ever in Qatar, is under construction. Qatar has experienced rapid economic growth over the last several years due to high oil prices, and in 2008 posted its eighth consecutive budget surplus. Economic policy is focused on developing Qatar's non-associated natural gas reserves and increasing private and foreign investment in non-energy sectors, but oil and gas still account for more than 50% of GDP; roughly 85% of export earnings, and 70% of government revenues. Oil and gas have made Qatar one of the highest per-capita income countries, and one of the world's fastest growing. Proved oil reserves of 15 billion barrels should enable continued output at current levels for 37 years. Qatar's proved reserves of natural gas are nearly 26 trillion cubic metres, about 14% of the world total and the third largest in the world. Before the discovery of oil, the economy of the Qatari region focused on fishing and pearl hunting. After the introduction of the Japanese cultured pearl onto the world market in the 1920s and 1930s, Qatar's pearling industry crashed. However, the discovery of oil, beginning in the 1940s, completely transformed the state's economy. Now, the country has a high standard of living, with many social services offered to its citizens and all the amenities of any modern state. It relies heavily on foreign labour to grow its economy, to the extent that 94% of its labour is carried out by foreigners. Labour laws offer little protection for the foreign labourers mostly coming from developing countries. Qatars national income primarily derives from oil and natural gas exports. The country has oil reserves of 15 billion barrels, while gas reserves in the giant North Field (which straddles the border with Saudi Arabia and is almost as large as the peninsula itself) are estimated to be between 80 trillion cubic feet (2.31012 m3) to 800 trillion cubic feet (231012 m3) (1 trillion cubic feet of gas is equivalent to about 180 million barrels (29106 m3) of oil). Qataris wealth and standard of living compare well with those of Western European states; Qatar has the second-highest GDP per capita in the Arab World, after the United Arab Emirates, according to the International Monetary Fund (2006)[31] and the second highest GDP per capita in the world according to the CIA World Factbook.[14] With no income tax, Qatar, along with Bahrain, is one of the countries with the lowest tax rates in the world. West Bay in Doha While oil and gas will probably remain the backbone of Qatars economy for some time to come, the country seeks to stimulate the private sector and develop a knowledge economy. In 2004, it established the Qatar Science & Technology Park to attract and serve technology-based companies and entrepreneurs, from overseas and within Qatar. Qatar also established Education City, which consists of international colleges. For the 15th Asian Games in Doha, it established Doha Sports City, consisting of Khalifa stadium, the Aspire Sports Academy, aquatic centres, exhibition centres and many other sports related buildings and centres. Following the success of the Asian Games, Doha kicked off an official bid to host the 2016 Summer Olympics in October 2007.[32] Its bid was finaly eliminated from consideration in June 2008. Qatar also plans to build an "entertainment city" in the future. The Qatari government hopes that large-scale investment in all social and economic sectors will lead to the development of a strong financial market. The Qatar Financial Centre (QFC) provides financial institutions with world-class services in investment, margin and no-interest loans, and capital support. These platforms are situated in an economy founded on the development of its hydrocarbons resources, specifically its exportation of petroleum. It has been created with a long term perspective to support the development of Qatar and the wider region, develop local and regional markets, and strengthen the links between the energy based economies and global financial markets. Apart from Qatar itself, which needs to raise capital to finance projects of more than $130 billion, the QFC also provides a conduit for financial institutions to access nearly $1.0 trillion of investments which stretch across the GCC (Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf) as a whole over the next decade. Commercial ties between the United States and Qatar have been expanding at a rapid pace over the last five years, with trade volumes growing by more than 340%, from $738 million in 2003 to $3.2 billion in 2009. Over the same period, U.S. exports increased 580 percent to $2.7 billion, making the United States the largest import partner for Qatar. US companies look to play key role in the $60 billion dollars that Qatar will invest in roads, infrastructure development, housing and real estate, health/medical and sanitation projects in the next decade. The new town of Lusail, the largest project ever in Qatar, is under construction. Landlocked Paraguay has a market economy distinguished by a large informal sector, featuring re-export of imported consumer goods to neighboring countries, as well as the activities of thousands of microenterprises and urban street vendors. Between 1970 and 2009 the country had the highest economic growth of South America, with an average rate of 7.2% per year and the prospect of 9% annual growth from 2010, being the highest in South America. The country also boasts the third most important free commercial zone in the world: Ciudad del Este, trailing behind Miami and Hong Kong. A large percentage of the population, especially in rural areas, derives its living from agricultural activity, often on a subsistence basis. Because of the importance of the informal sector, accurate economic measures are difficult to obtain. On a per capita basis, real income has stagnated at 1980 levels. The economy grew rapidly between 2003 and 2008 as growing world demand for commodities combined with high prices and favorable weather to support Paraguay's commodity-based export expansion. Paraguay is the sixth largest soy producer in the world. Drought hit in 2008, reducing agricultural exports and slowing the economy even before the onset of the global recession. As of 2010, Paraguay is experiencing the greatest economical expansion of the zone and the highest of South America, with a GDP growth rate of 14,5% for by the end of the year.[38] Haiti's economy is still recovering from the massive earthquake in January 2010. Its purchasing power parity GDP fell 8% in 2010 (from $12.15 billion to $11.18 billion) and the GDP per capita remained unchanged at (PPP US$) 1,200.[2] Comparative social and economic indicators show Haiti falling behind other low-income developing countries (particularly in the hemisphere) since the 1980s. Haiti ranked 145 of 182 countries in the 2010 United Nations Human Development Index, with 57.3% of the population being deprived in at least three of the HDI's poverty measures.[5] The World Factbook reports a shortage of skilled labor, widespread unemployment and underemployment, saying "more than two-thirds of the labor force do not have formal jobs", and describes pre-earthquake Haiti as "already the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere with 80% of the population living under the poverty line and 54% in abject poverty."[2] Most Haitians live on $2 or less per day.[103] Adult literacy is variously reported as 52.9% [World Factbook] and 65.3% [United Nations], and the World Bank estimates that in 2004 over 80% of college graduates from Haiti were living abroad, with their remittances home representing 52.7% of Haiti's GDP.[104] Cit Soleil is considered one of the worst slums in the Americas,[105] most of its 500,000 residents live in extreme poverty.[95] Poverty has forced at least 225,000 Haitian children to work as restavecs (unpaid household servants); the United Nations considers this to be a modern-day form of slavery.[106] About 66% of all Haitians work in the agricultural sector, which consists mainly of small-scale subsistence farming, but this activity makes up only 30% of the GDP. The country has experienced little formal job-creation over the past decade, although the informal economy is growing. Mangoes and coffee are two of Haiti's most important exports.[2] Natural resources of Haiti include bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble and hydropower. Haiti contains relatively small amounts of gold, silver, antimony, tin, lignite, sulphur, coal, nickel, gypsum, limestone, manganese, marble, iron, tungsten, salt, clay, and various building stones. Gold and copper are found in small quantities in the north of the country. The government announced the discovery of new gold deposits in the northern peninsula in 1985, but long-standing plans for gold production proceeded slowly. Copper also was mined, beginning in the 1960s, but production of the ore was sporadic. There are bauxite (aluminum ore) deposits on the southern peninsula, but large scale mining there was discontinued in 1983. The country's only bauxite mine, the Miragone mine in the southern peninsula, produced an average of 500,000 tons of bauxite a year in the early 1980s; however, in 1982 the declining metal content of the ore, high production costs, and the oversupplied international bauxite market forced the mine to close. Bauxite had at one time been the country's second leading export. Haiti apparently has no hydrocarbon resources on land or in the Gulf of Gonve and is therefore heavily dependent on energy imports (petroleum and petroleum products).[107] Haiti's richest 1% own nearly half the country's wealth.[108] Haiti has consistently ranked among the most corrupt countries in the world on the Corruption Perceptions Index.[109] Since the day of "Papa Doc" Duvalier, Haiti's government has been notorious for its corruption. It is estimated that President "Baby Doc" Duvalier, his wife Michelle, and three other people took $504 million from the Haitian public treasury between 1971 and 1986.[110] Similarly, some media outlets alleged that millions were stolen by former president JeanBertrand Aristide.[111][112][113][114] However the accuracy of the information is questionable and may have been concocted to discredit Aristide. In March 2004, at the time of Aristide's being kidnapped, a BBC article wrote that the Bush administration State department claimed that Aristide had been involved in drug trafficking.[115] The BBC also described pyramid schemes, in which Haitians lost hundreds of millions in 2002, as the "only real economic initiative" of the Aristide years.[116] However this cannot necessarily be entirely blamed on Aristide since one of his conditions upon being returned to Haiti by the Clinton administration during the 90s was that he not stir the pot away from US Free Market Trade Policies.[117] Clinton recently expressed regret and apologized for the US's trade policies with Haiti[118] Aristide however decided against being further tied to the free market policies that he was restricted to, and he attempted to raise the country's minimum wage. Foreign aid makes up approximately 3040% of the national government's budget. The largest donor is the US, followed by Canada and the European Union.[119] From 1990 to 2003, Haiti received more than $4 billion in aid. The United States alone had provided Haiti with 1.5 billion in aid.[120] Venezuela and Cuba also make various contributions to Haiti's economy, especially after alliances were renewed in 2006 and 2007. In January 2010, China promised $4.2 million for the quake-hit island.[121] US President Barack Obama pledged $1.15 billion in assistance.[122] European Union nations promised more than 400 million euros ($616 million) in emergency aid and reconstruction funds.[123] US aid to the Haitian government was completely cut off from 2001 to 2004, after the 2000 election was disputed and President Aristide was accused of various After Aristide's misdeeds.[124] departure in 2004, aid was restored, and the Brazilian army led the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti peacekeeping operation. Following almost 4 years of recession ending in 2004, the economy grew by 1.5% in 2005.[125] In 2005 Haiti's total external debt reached an estimated US$1.3 billion, which corresponds to a debt per capita of US$169. In September 2009, Haiti met the conditions set out by the IMF and World Bank's Heavily Indebted Poor Countries program to qualify for cancellation of its external debt.[126] The economy of the Philippines is the 12th largest economy in Asia and the 32nd largest economy in the world by purchasing power parity according to the International Monetary Fund in 2010. It was the 5th largest economy in South East Asia. A newly industrialized emerging market economy, it posted a real GDP growth rate of 5.3% in 2006 and 7.1% in 2007. Growth slowed to 3.8% in 2008 as a result of the global financial crisis. In 2009, the real growth rate was 1.1% despite of global economic recession.[12] The Philippine economy grew by 7.6% in 2010, [1] which several reports described as the fastest growth in 34 years.[3] According to Goldman Sachs, the Philippine economy will become the 14th largest economy in the world by 2050.[13] [14] Important sectors of Philippine industry include food processing, textiles and garments, and electronics assembly. Most industries are concentrated in the urban areas around Metro Manila, while Metro Cebu is also becoming an attraction for foreign and local investors. Mining also has great potential in the Philippines, which possesses significant reserves of chromite, nickel, and copper. As of 2008 it was reported to be ranked as one of the five most mineral-rich countries in the world by the Fraser Institute, with the Philippine Government estimating mineral wealth at $1 trillion, however with investment being discouraged by excessive and slow regulatory procedures, along with laws that give local governments significant power over the exploitation of mineral resources.[15] Recent natural gas finds off the islands of Palawan add to the country's geothermal, hydro, coal, and oil exploration energy reserves. Economic Growth[34][35][36] Year % GDP % GNI 1999 3.1 2.7 2000 4.4 7.7 2001 2.9 3.6 2002 3.6 4.1 2003 5.0 2004 6.7 2005 4.8 2006 5.2 2007 7.1 2008 4.2 2009 1.1 2010 7.6 2011 (1st Qtr) Year 8.5 7.1 7.0 5.0 6.2 5.0 6.1 8.2 4.9 1970 1971 1982 1983 GDP growth % 5.149 3.423 Year 1990 1991 2002 2003 GDP growth % 4.411 2.894 3.6 1972 1984 4.6 3.619 1992 2004 3.037 3.646 1973 1985 4.9 1.875 1993 2005 -0.578 4.970 1974 1986 4.8 -7.324 1994 2006 0.338 6.698 1975 1987 9.2 -7.307 1995 2007 2.116 4.778 1976 1988 5 3.417 1996 2008 4.388 5.243 1977 1989 6.4 4.312 1997 2009 4.679 7.117 1978 1979 1980 8 6.753 1998 2010 5.846 4.153 5.6 5.2 6.205 1999 2000 1981 5.6 2001 5.185 -0.577 3.082 1.148 7.632 The economy of the United States is the world's largest national economy. Its nominal GDP was estimated to be nearly $14.7 trillion in 2010,[1] approximately a quarter of nominal global GDP. [14][15] Its GDP at purchasing power parity was also the largest in the world, approximately a fifth of global GDP at purchasing power parity.[14] The U.S. economy also maintains a very high level of output per capita. In 2009, it was estimated to have a per capita GDP (PPP) of $46,381, the 6th highest in the world. The U.S is the largest trading nation in the world. Its three largest trading partners as of 2010 are Canada, China and Mexico. Historically, the U.S. economy has maintained a stable overall GDP growth rate, a low unemployment rate, and high levels of research and capital investment funded by both national and, because of decreasing saving rates, increasingly by foreign investors. It has been the world's largest national economy since the 1870s[16][17] and remains the world's largest manufacturer, representing 19% of the world's manufacturing output. In 2009, consumer spending, coupled with government health care spending constituted 70% of the American economy.[18] About 30% of the entire world's millionaire population reside in the United States (in 2009).[19] Furthermore, 34% of the world's billionaires are American (in 2011).[20][21] The US is also home to the world's largest stock exchange, the New York Stock Exchange. It also boasts the world's largest gold reserves and the world's largest gold depository, the New York Federal Reserve Bank. The United States is also home to 139 of the world's 500 largest companies, which is almost twice that of any other country.[22] A large contributor to the country's success has also been a very strong and stable currency. The US dollar holds about 60% of world reserves, as compared to its top competitor, the euro, which controls about 24%. Since the 1960s, the United States economy absorbed savings from the rest of the world. The phenomenon is subject to discussion among economists. The US is by far the most heavily invested-into country in the world, with foreign investments made in the US measuring almost $2.4 trillion, which is more than twice that of any other country.[23] The US is also by far the largest investor in the world, with US investments in foreign countries totaling over $3.3 trillion, which is almost twice that of any other country.[24] Like other developed countries, the United States faces retiring baby boomers who have already begun withdrawing money from Social Security; however, the American population is young and growing when compared to Europe or Japan. The United States public debt is in excess of $14 trillion and continues to grow at a rate of about $5.48 billion each day by direct calculation between December 31, 2010 and July 31, 2011.[25][26] Total public and private debt was $50.2 trillion at the end of the first quarter of 2010, or 3.5 times GDP.[27] Domestic financial assets totaled $131 trillion and domestic financial liabilities totaled $106 trillion.[28] Due in part to the amount of both public and private investment, the economy of the United States is regarded as a type of mixed economy. The American labor market has attracted immigrants from all over the world and in 2009 ranked 16th in terms of net migration rate. The United States is ranked fourth, down from first in 20082009 due to the economic crisis, in the Global Competitiveness Report.[29] The country is one of the world's largest and most influential financial markets, home to major stock and commodities exchanges like NASDAQ, NYSE, AMEX, CME, and PHLX. Economic Indicators For: Philippines Change country National or Regional Currency: Philippines Peso, PHP Year of data: 2010 Change year Number of Indicators Listed: 36 Full Dataset: From Year 1980 to 2016 Date of Last Update: 1st August 2011 Population: 101,833,938 (July 2011 est.) Area: total: 300,000 sq km land: 298,170 sq km water: 1,830 sq km Natural Resources: timber, petroleum, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, salt, copper Capital: name: Manila geographic coordinates: 14 35 N, 121 00 E time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) Data Sources: IMF, World Bank, UN, OECD, CIA World Factbook, Internet World Statistics, The Heritage Foundation and Transparency International Philippine GDP grew 7.3% in 2010, spurred by consumer demand, a rebound in exports and investments, and election-related spending. The economy weathered the 2008-09 global recession better than its regional peers due to minimal exposure to troubled international securities, lower dependence on exports, relatively resilient domestic consumption, large remittances from four- to five-million overseas Filipino workers, and a growing business process outsourcing industry. Economic growth in the Philippines averaged 4.5% during the MACAPAGAL-ARROYO administration. Despite this growth, poverty worsened, because of a high population growth rate and inequitable distribution of income. The AQUINO administration is working to reduce the government deficit from 3.9% of GDP, when it took office, to 2% of GDP by 2013. The government has had little difficulty issuing debt both locally and internationally to finance the deficits. AQUINO's first budget emphasizes education, health, conditional cash transfers for the poor, and other social spending programs, relying on the private sector to finance important infrastructure projects. Weak tax collection, exacerbated by new tax breaks and incentives, has limited the government's ability to address major challenges. The AQUINO administration has vowed to focus on improving tax collection efficiency - rather than imposing new taxes - as a part of its good governance platform. GDP (Constant Prices, National Currency) for philippines in year 2010 is PHP 1,537.15 Billion. Real GDP is expressed in billions of national currency units; the base year is country-specific. GDP Growth (Constant Prices, National Currency) for philippines in year 2010 is 7.334 %. Annual percentages of constant price GDP are year-on-year changes; the base year is countryspecific. GDP (Current Prices, National Currency) for philippines in year 2010 is PHP 8,513.04 Billion. GDP is expressed in billions of national currency units. GDP (Current Prices, US Dollars) for philippines in year 2010 is US$ 188.719 Billion. Values are based upon GDP in national currency and the exchange rate projections provided by country economists for the group of other emerging market and developing countries. Exchanges rates for advanced economies are established in the WEO assumptions. GDP Deflator for philippines in year 2010 is 553.818 (Index, Base Year as per country's accounts = 100). The GDP deflator is derived by dividing current price GDP by constant price GDP and is considered to be an alternate measure of inflation. Please note: Data are expressed in the base year of each country's national accounts. GDP Per Capita (Constant Prices, National Currency) for philippines in year 2010 is PHP 16,350.40 . GDP is expressed in constant national currency per person. Data are derived by dividing constant price GDP by total population. GDP Per Capita (Current Prices, National Currency) for philippines in year 2010 is PHP 90,551.51 . GDP is expressed in current national currency per person. Data are derived by dividing current price GDP by total population. GDP Per Capita (Current Prices, US Dollars) for philippines in year 2010 is US$ 2,007.36 . GDP is expressed in current U.S. dollars per person. Data are derived by first converting GDP in national currency to U.S. dollars and then dividing it by total population. GDP (PPP), US Dollars for philippines in year 2010 is US$ 351.37 Billion. Gross domestic product based on purchasing-power-parity (PPP) valuation of country GDP. These data form the basis for the country weights used to generate the World Economic Outlook country group composites for the domestic economy. Please note: The IMF is not a primary source for purchasing power parity (PPP) data. WEO weights have been created from primary sources and are used solely for purposes of generating country group composites. GDP Per Capita (PPP), US Dollars for philippines in year 2010 is US$ 3,737.46 . Gross domestic product based on purchasing-power-parity (PPP) per capita GDP. These data form the basis for the country weights used to generate the World Economic Outlook country group composites for the domestic economy. Please note: The IMF is not a primary source for purchasing power parity (PPP) data. WEO weights have been created from primary sources and are used solely for purposes of generating country group composites. GDP Share of World Total (PPP) for philippines in year 2010 is 0.473 %. Gross domestic product based on purchasing-power-parity (PPP) share of world total. These data form the basis for the country weights used to generate the World Economic Outlook country group composites for the domestic economy. Please note: The IMF is not a primary source for purchasing power parity (PPP) data. WEO weights have been created from primary sources and are used solely for purposes of generating country group composites. Implied PPP Conversion Rate for philippines in year 2010 is 24.228 . These data form the basis for the country weights used to generate the World Economic Outlook country group composites for the domestic economy. Please note: The IMF is not a primary source for purchasing power parity (PPP) data. WEO weights have been created from primary sources and are used solely for purposes of generating country group composites. Investment (% of GDP) for philippines in year 2010 is 15.62 %. Data are based on individual countries' national accounts statistics. For many countries, the estimates of national saving are built up from national accounts data on gross domestic investment and from balance of payments-based data on net foreign investment. Gross National Savings (% of GDP) for philippines in year 2010 is 20.106 %. Data are based on individual countries' national accounts statistics. For many countries, the estimates of national saving are built up from national accounts data on gross domestic investment and from balance of payments-based data on net foreign investment. Inflation, Average Consumer Prices (Indexed to Year 2000) for philippines in year 2010 is 166.06 (Index, Base Year 2000 = 100). Data for inflation are averages for the year, not end-ofperiod data. The index is based on 2000=100. Inflation (Average Consumer Price Change %) for philippines in year 2010 is 3.797 %. Data for inflation are averages for the year, not end-of-period data. Inflation, End of Year (Indexed to Year 2000) for philippines in year 2010 is 254.652 (Index, Base Year 2000 = 100). Data for inflation are end of the period, not annual average data. The index is based on 2000=100. Inflation (End of Year Change %) for philippines in year 2010 is 2.997 %. Data for inflation are end of the period, not annual average data. Import Volume of All Items Including Goods and Services (Percent Change) for philippines in year 2010 is 20.331 %. Import Volumes of Goods Only (Percent Change) for philippines in year 2010 is 19.294 %. Export Volume of All Items Including Goods and Services (Percent Change) for philippines in year 2010 is 23.662 %. Export Volumes of Goods Only (Percent Change) for philippines in year 2010 is 24.817 %. Value of Oil Imports for philippines in year 2010 is US$ 9.531 Billions. Value is equal to the price per unit of quantity of oil imports multiplied by the number of quantity units. Value of Oil Exports for philippines in year 2010 is US$ 1.349 Billions. Value is equal to the price per unit of quantity of oil exports multiplied by the number of quantity units. Unemployment Rate (% of Labour Force) for philippines in year 2010 is 7.2 %. Population for philippines in year 2010 is 94.013 Million . General government revenue (National Currency) for philippines in year 2010 is PHP 1,207.95 Billions. Revenue consists of taxes, social contributions, grants receivable, and other revenue. Revenue increases government?s net worth, which is the difference between its assets and liabilities (GFSM 2001, paragraph 4.20). Note: Transactions that merely change the composition of the balance sheet do not change the net worth position, for example, proceeds from sales of nonfinancial and financial assets or incurrence of liabilities. General government revenue (% of GDP) for philippines in year 2010 is 14.189 %. Revenue consists of taxes, social contributions, grants receivable, and other revenue. Revenue increases government?s net worth, which is the difference between its assets and liabilities (GFSM 2001, paragraph 4.20). Note: Transactions that merely change the composition of the balance sheet do not change the net worth position, for example, proceeds from sales of nonfinancial and financial assets or incurrence of liabilities. General government total expenditure (National Currency) for philippines in year 2010 is PHP 1,519.91 Billions. Total expenditure consists of total expense and the net acquisition of nonfinancial assets. Note: Apart from being on an accrual basis, total expenditure differs from the GFSM 1986 definition of total expenditure in the sense that it also takes the disposals of nonfinancial assets into account. General government total expenditure (% of GDP) for philippines in year 2010 is 17.854 %. Total expenditure consists of total expense and the net acquisition of nonfinancial assets. Note: Apart from being on an accrual basis, total expenditure differs from the GFSM 1986 definition of total expenditure in the sense that it also takes the disposals of nonfinancial assets into account. Total Government Net Lending/ Borrowing (National Currency) for philippines in year 2010 is PHP -311.959 Billions. Net lending (+)/ borrowing (?) is calculated as revenue minus total expenditure. This is a core GFS balance that measures the extent to which general government is either putting financial resources at the disposal of other sectors in the economy and nonresidents (net lending), or utilizing the financial resources generated by other sectors and nonresidents (net borrowing). This balance may be viewed as an indicator of the financial impact of general government activity on the rest of the economy and nonresidents (GFSM 2001, paragraph 4.17). Note: Net lending (+)/borrowing (?) is also equal to net acquisition of financial assets minus net incurrence of liabilities. Total Government Net Lending/ Borrowing (% of GDP) for philippines in year 2010 is -3.664 %. Total Government Gross Debt (National Currency) for philippines in year 2010 is PHP 4,029.81 Billion. Gross debt consists of all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future. This includes debt liabilities in the form of SDRs, currency and deposits, debt securities, loans, insurance, pensions and standardized guarantee schemes, and other accounts payable. Thus, all liabilities in the GFSM 2001 system are debt, except for equity and investment fund shares and financial derivatives and employee stock options. Debt can be valued at current market, nominal, or face values (GFSM 2001, paragraph 7.110). Total Government Gross Debt (% of GDP) for philippines in year 2010 is 47.337 %. Gross debt consists of all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future. This includes debt liabilities in the form of SDRs, currency and deposits, debt securities, loans, insurance, pensions and standardized guarantee schemes, and other accounts payable. Thus, all liabilities in the GFSM 2001 system are debt, except for equity and investment fund shares and financial derivatives and employee stock options. Debt can be valued at current market, nominal, or face values (GFSM 2001, paragraph 7.110). Fiscal Year Gross Domestic Product, Current Prices for philippines in year 2010 is PHP 8,513.04 Billions. Gross domestic product corresponding to fiscal year is the country's GDP based on the same period during the year as their fiscal data. In the case of countries whose fiscal data are based on a fiscal calendar (e.g., July to June), this series would be the country's GDP over that same period. For countries whose fiscal data are based on a calendar year (i.e., January to December), this series will be the same as their GDP in current prices. Current Account Balance (US Dollars) for philippines in year 2010 is US$ 8.465 Billion. Current account is all transactions other than those in financial and capital items. The major classifications are goods and services, income and current transfers. The focus of the BOP is on transactions (between an economy and the rest of the world) in goods, services, and income. Current Account Balance (% GDP) for philippines in year 2010 is 4.486 %. Current account is all transactions other than those in financial and capital items. The major classifications are goods and services, income and current transfers. The focus of the BOP is on transactions (between an economy and the rest of the world) in goods, services, and income. * Source: IMF
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Ateneo de Manila University - ACC - 101\
FIN303 Exam-type questions Chapter 1 1. Which of the following statements is most correct? a. b. c. d. 2. One advantage of forming a corporation is that you have limited liability. * Corporations face fewer regulations than sole proprietorships. One disad
Ateneo de Manila University - ACC - 101\
CHAPTER 4THE FINANCIAL ENVIRONMENT:MARKETS, INSTITUTIONS, AND INTEREST RATES(Difficulty: E = Easy, M = Medium, and T = Tough)Multiple Choice: ConceptualEasy:Financial markets1.Answer: cDiff: EA secondary market.A physical location auction mark
Ateneo de Manila University - ACC - 101\
Chapter 4Financial Planning and Forecasting FinancialStatementsANSWERS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS4-1a. The operating plan provides detailed implementation guidancedesigned to accomplish corporate objectives.It details who isresponsible for what p
Ateneo de Manila University - ACC - 101\
GBUS502Exam-type questionsChapter 11.Which of the following statements is most correct?a.b.c.d.2.One advantage of forming a corporation is that you have limited liability. *Corporations face fewer regulations than sole proprietorships.One disa
Ateneo de Manila University - ACC - 101\
Ateneo de Manila University - ACC - 101\
EXAM 2Practice Questions for Chapter 4, 5, 6, 7, and 81 . These feature debt securities or instruments with maturities of one year or less.a. money markets b. primary markets c. secondary markets d. over-the-counter stocks2. When you buy a share from
Ateneo de Manila University - ACC - 101\
SociologicalPerspectiveTABLE 1 Sociological PerspectivesLevel ofAnalysisFocus1. SymbolicInteractionismMicroUse of symbols; Face-to-face interactions2. FunctionalismMacroRelationship between the parts of society; How aspects ofsociety are func
Ateneo de Manila University - ACC - 101\
(umaga. hindi pa gising ang iba .): monologue ni stella.STELLAako si stella. isang dalaga na naghangad ng magandang kapalaran dito saSa Maynila, laking bukid. hindi nakapag.aral. tagatahi lang ng mga barona napigtas nina kuya at ni tatay sa tuwing su
Ateneo de Manila University - ACC - 101\
Virgen Delos RemediosNuestra Sra De la MercedNuestra Sra De TurumbaBirhen Sang BarangayLa Virgen De la VerdadJusticia y Santidad (Our Lady of Truth, Justice and Holiness)Our Lady of ManaoagOur Lady of PiatMarian Feast Days* January 1 Mary, Mother
LSU - EE - 4242
VLSI design of 4-bit Synchronous counter(VLSI DESIGN PROJECT EE - 4242)BySUMAN KUMARPRADEEP KHANALKHALEF HOSANYBIN FUSubmitted ToProf. Ashok SrivastavaFALL 2004DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERINGLOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITYContents1. Objective
LSU - EE - 4242
VLSI design of 4-bit Synchronous counter(VLSI DESIGN PROJECT EE - 4242)BySUMAN KUMARPRADEEP KHANALKHALEF HOSANYBIN FUSubmitted ToProf. Ashok SrivastavaFALL 2004DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERINGLOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITYContents1. Objective
LSU - EE - 4242
Thank you all for your hard work to make the report looks nice.I think2.2 the Red part (although Suman has removed it), I think it can replace Section 6. This is acually the design and test we did. For section 6, I do not how suman figured out. I do not
LSU - EE - 4242
VLSI design of 4-bit Synchronous counter(VLSI DESIGN PROJECT EE - 4242)BySUMAN KUMARPRADEEP KHANALKHALEF HOSANYBIN FUSubmitted ToProf. Ashok SrivastavaFALL 2004DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERINGLOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITYContents1. Objective
LSU - EE - 4242
LSU - EE - 3750
LSU - EE - 3750
Historical BackgroundMechanical AgeAbacus 500BC.Analytical Engine 1823.Charles Babbage.Augusta Ada Byron.Electrical AgeColossus 1943.ENIAC Electronics Numerical Integrator andCalculator, 1946 University of Pennsylvania.Historical BackgroundProg
LSU - EE - 3750
80X86General purpose processors.Supports 16 and 32 bits address anddata buses.32 bit processors are capable ofaddressing 4 gigabytes of physicalmemory and 64 terabytes of virtualmemory.RegistersGeneral purpose registers.There are eight 32 bits r
LSU - EE - 3750
MOV InstructionMOV destination,sourceMOV AX,BXMOV SUM,EAXMOV EDX,ARRAY[EBX][ESI]MOV CL,5MOV DL,[BX]Addressing ModesThese are the different ways in which datamay be accessed by the microprocessor.Immediate.Register.Memory.Direct.Register indi
LSU - EE - 3750
Machine LanguageNative binary code that the microprocessorunderstand and uses as its instructions tocontrol its operation.Their length vary from 1 to 13 bytes.The instructions for the 8086 through the 80286have the format shown below.O pcode1 to 2
LSU - EE - 3750
ADD InstructionADD destination,sourcedestination = destination + sourceADD AX,BXADD SUM,EAXADD EDX,ARRAY[EBX][ESI]ADD CL,5ADD DL,[BX]ADC InstructionADC destination,sourcedestination = destination + source + carryADC DX,BXADC COUNT,ECXADC EAX,
LSU - EE - 3750
Unconditional TransfersJMP, CALL, RETThese instructions modify the EIPregister to be:The displacement following the instruction(label), in the case of JMP and CALL;The address stored in the stack by theCALL instruction, in the case of RET.Ex:JMP
LSU - EE - 3750
Modular ProgrammingMany programs are too large to bedeveloped by a single individual.A team of programmers develops differentparts of the system and their programmodules are linked together, thusbecoming a large program which includesall modules pr
LSU - EE - 3750
8086/8088 Hardware SpecificationsPower supply:+5V with tolerance of 10%;360mA.Input characteristics:Logic 0 0.8V maximum, 10A maximum;Logic 1 2.0V minimum, 10A maximum.Output characteristics:Logic 0 0.45V maximum, 2mA maximum;Logic 1 2.4V minimum
LSU - EE - 3750
Memory DevicesMay be classified as:ROM;Flash;SRAM;DRAM.Connections:Address;Data;Selection;Control.Address DecodingAddresses must be decoded to properly select amemory chip or port.This decoded signal will select specific devicesthat will co
LSU - EE - 3750
I/O InterfacingMay be classified as:Isolated I/O;Memory mapped I/O.Instructions:IN accumulator,source;OUT destination,accumulator.Basic I/O InterfacesDeboucingMechanical switchesbounce when they areactuated. A circuit isneeded to ensure that
LSU - EE - 3750
EE 3750Microprocessor SystemsFall 2005Instructor:Gabriel A. de SouzaRoom 313 EE Building, Ph: 578-4831, email: gdesou1@lsu.eduOffice hours: 9:00 10:30 MTWThTA:Office hours:Course Description: This course introduces the student to the theory and d
LSU - EE - 3750
EE 3750 Homework 1due Wed., September 18, 20021. (a) Let the effective address of variable YELLOW be 31DEH and let DS = 2002H.What is the corresponding physical address?(b) Let the effective address of variable BLACK be 14C3H and let its physical addr
LSU - EE - 3750
EE 3750HW 1 solutionsEE 3750 Homework 1 solutionsFall 20021. (a) Let the effective address of variable YELLOW be 31DEH and let DS = 2002H.What is the corresponding physical address?(b) Let the effective address of variable BLACK be 14C3H and let its
LSU - EE - 3750
EE 3750 Homework 2due Monday, September 30, 20021. Let AX = 19C3H, BX = 2B11H, CX = 3EE0H, and SP = 1988H. What are thecontents of AX, BX, CX, and SP after the following sequence of instructions?PUSH BXPOP AXPUSH AXPUSH CXPOP BX2. The following e
LSU - EE - 3750
EE 3750 HW 2 solutions1EE 3750 Homework 2 solutionsFall 20021. Let AX = 19C3H, BX = 2B11H, CX = 3EE0H, and SP = 1988H. What are thecontents of AX, BX, CX, and SP after the following sequence of instructions?PUSH BXPOP AXPUSH AXPUSH CXPOP BXAX =
LSU - EE - 3750
EE 3750 Microprocessor SystemsFall 2002Course time:10:40-11:30 MWText:Y. Liu and G. A. Gibson, Microcomputer Systems: The 8086/8088 Family;Architecture, Programming, and Design (2nd Ed.), 1986Instructor:Office:Phone:e-mail:Jerry Trahan150C EE
LSU - EE - 3750
LSU - EE - 3750
EE 3750 Homework 1due Wed., September 18, 20021. (a) Let the effective address of variable YELLOW be 31DEH and let DS = 2002H.What is the corresponding physical address?(b) Let the effective address of variable BLACK be 14C3H and let its physical addr
LSU - EE - 3750
EE 3750HW 1 solutionsEE 3750 Homework 1 solutionsFall 20021. (a) Let the effective address of variable YELLOW be 31DEH and let DS = 2002H.What is the corresponding physical address?(b) Let the effective address of variable BLACK be 14C3H and let its
LSU - EE - 3750
EE 3750 Homework 2due Monday, September 30, 20021. Let AX = 19C3H, BX = 2B11H, CX = 3EE0H, and SP = 1988H. What are thecontents of AX, BX, CX, and SP after the following sequence of instructions?PUSH BXPOP AXPUSH AXPUSH CXPOP BX2. The following e
LSU - EE - 3750
EE 3750 HW 2 solutions1EE 3750 Homework 2 solutionsFall 20021. Let AX = 19C3H, BX = 2B11H, CX = 3EE0H, and SP = 1988H. What are thecontents of AX, BX, CX, and SP after the following sequence of instructions?PUSH BXPOP AXPUSH AXPUSH CXPOP BXAX =
LSU - EE - 3750
EE 3750 Test 1Wed., March 13, 2002 Open BookFor all problems: state any assumptions made; include comments as needed to make assemblylanguage instruction sequences clear.1. (15 pts) For the instruction ADD DX, BROWN[BX][SI] , where DX = 7234H,BX = 10
LSU - EE - 3750
LSU - EE - 3750
Historical BackgroundMechanical AgeAbacus 500BC.Analytical Engine 1823.Charles Babbage.Augusta Ada Byron.Electrical AgeColossus 1943.ENIAC Electronics Numerical Integrator andCalculator, 1946 University of Pennsylvania.Historical BackgroundProg
LSU - EE - 3750
HistoricalBackgroundMechanical AgeAbacus 500BC.Analytical Engine 1823.Charles Babbage.Augusta Ada Byron.Electrical AgeColossus 1943.ENIAC Electronics Numerical Integrator andCalculator, 1946 University of Pennsylvania.HistoricalBackgroundProgra
LSU - EE - 3750
EE 3750Microprocessor SystemsFall 2004Instructor:Gabriel A. de SouzaRoom 313 EE Building, Ph: 578-4831, email: gdesou1@lsu.eduOffice hours: 9:00 10:30 MTWThTA:Yu ZhaoDesk G58 Room 150 EE Building, Ph: 578-4835, email: yzhao4@lsu.eduOffice hours:
LSU - EE - 3750
LSU - EE - 3750
LSU - EE - 3750
EE 3750 Homework 1due Wed., September 19, 20011. For each of the following instructions, identify the addressing mode of the destinationoperand and, if the operand is in memory, specify the effective address and the physical address.Let BX denote the
LSU - EE - 3750
1EE 3750 Homework 2due Mon., October 1, 20011. Write an 8086 assembly language instruction sequence to copy the odd numberedelements of byte array RED (from elements 1, 3, 5, 7, ) to consecutive elements of byte arrayBLUE (to elements 0, 1, 2, 3, ).
LSU - EE - 3750
1EE 3750 Homework 3due Wed., October 31, 2001For all problems: state any assumptions made; include comments as needed to make assemblyinstruction sequences clear.1. (a) Write a complete data segment DATA6 that creates: a word variable GREEN,initiali
LSU - EE - 3750
1EE 3750 Homework 4due Wed., November 7, 2001For all problems: state any assumptions made; include comments as needed to make assemblyinstruction sequences clear.1. Write an 8086 instruction sequence to control a simple car radio tuner. Use programco
LSU - EE - 3750
EE 3750 Homework 5due Wed., December 5, 2001For all problems: state any assumptions made; include comments as needed to make assemblyinstruction sequences clear.1. Write an instruction sequence to program a single 8259A to operate as the only 8259A in
LSU - EE - 3750
1EE 3750HW 2 solutionsEE 3750 Homework 2 solutionsFall 20011. Write an 8086 assembly language instruction sequence to copy the odd numberedelements of byte array RED (from elements 1, 3, 5, 7, ) to consecutive elements of byte arrayBLUE (to elements
LSU - EE - 3750
EE 3750 HW 3 solutions1EE 3750 Homework 3 solutionsFall 20011. (a) Write a complete data segment DATA6 that creates: a word variable GREEN,initialized to 4; a byte variable YELLOW, initialized to 36; a byte variable RED, initializing six bytesthere
LSU - EE - 3750
1EE 3750 HW 4 solutionsEE 3750 Homework 4 solutionsFall 20011. Write an 8086 instruction sequence to control a simple car radio tuner. Use programcontrolled I/O. The tuner is to receive inputs from two buttons to change to preset stationfrequencies,
LSU - EE - 3750
1EE 3750 HW 5 solutionsEE 3750 Homework 5 solutionsFall 20011. Write an instruction sequence to program a single 8259A to operate as the only 8259A inthe system and provide the following features. The lowest port address of the 8259 is 84H. level-tr
LSU - EE - 3750
EE 3750Addressing MemoryMOV CX, [BX]CX = destination[BX] = source register memory location1. Generate physical address for memory locationfrom contents of BX and DS (shifted by 4) put on address bus2. Retrieve contents of word in memory put ond
LSU - EE - 3750
EE 3750 - Test 2 reviewsessionQuestions from Spring 2001Test 2Interrupt I/OWrite an 8086 instruction sequence to output a sequenceof 60 words from word array BROWN to I/O deviceDEV0. Assume: data port of DEV0 is a word port at address 9090H.Use i
LSU - EE - 3750
LSU - EE - 3750
LSU - EE - 3750
LSU - EE - 3750
LSU - EE - 3750