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AN 349 - 3
Course: ANTHROPOLO AN 349, Fall 2010School: BU
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Beginning 9/9/10 of 20th Century China Qing Dynasty (Ching) o Manchurian Rulers - ruled for 300 years By 19th century, western colonization broke down regime Questioning if Chinese culture is still capable Exam System Stress on education for official positions Not enough officials, cost of governing too high Lowest official was a county majestry o Served as judge, police, tax collector, legislature, etc o...
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Beginning 9/9/10 of 20th Century China Qing Dynasty (Ching) o Manchurian Rulers - ruled for 300 years By 19th century, western colonization broke down regime Questioning if Chinese culture is still capable Exam System Stress on education for official positions Not enough officials, cost of governing too high Lowest official was a county majestry o Served as judge, police, tax collector, legislature, etc o Lack of manpower undermined gov't power
o
1911 Revolution o Organized local uprisings collapse Qing Dynasty o New country: Republic of China (Republican period) o Sun Yat-Sen Head of new state Market Economy, Democratic Politics Constitution: Modeled after America and Germany Guomindang (GMD)/Kuomintng (KMT)/Nationalist Party May 4 Movement (1919)
o
A group of intellectuals/students campaigning against Confucian culture Believed that Confucianism blocked modernization Mao suits Western practicality w/o copying too closely Can't govern properly and China falls apart Warlords take charge manage local politics KMT is pushed to south; Guangdong 1921 CCP Foundation (Chinese Communist Party) o Marxist view that laborers in cities are the backbone of Communist uprisings o Targeted Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangdong o KMT and unite CCP (united front) to retake China and remove warlords o o Create an effective, central, and modern China Chiang Kai-Shek Leader of KMT after Sun-Yat-Sen dies Zhou Enlai Runs state and political wing, a Communist
1927 Northern Expedition of Chuang Kai-Shek and KMT o Takes Shanghai, then immediately purged cities of Communists. o Mao ZeDong Wants a rural strategy to start a Communist uprising Sets up bases in the countryside KMT blocks off Communists in the countryside Communists escape long march to northwest China
o
1930s KMT strategy to finally end Communism blocked by WWII and Japanese invasion o Nominal cooperation between KMT and Communists to fight Japanese Communist fight guerilla warfare KMT flee to west, Szechuan Communists gain reputation from nationalists b/c they are actually fighting
st
o
KMT were also corrupt, incompetent governors October 1 , 1949 o Communists take Shanghai, Mao declares new country in existence KMT strategy is go to Taiwan for a final stand KMT brings best to Taiwan, helps cleanse KMT party Taipei becomes temporary capital February 28th, 1947 KMT government wipes out any opposition in Taiwan Korean War results in Truman doctrine, US support for Taiwan to prevent domino effect
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BU - ANTHROPOLO - AN 349
9/14/10 Social Class Perspectives Traditional o People who work with their heads Scholars (Officials) o People who work with their hands Peasants Create, fundamentally give to society Artisans These transform things, add value, contributing to society sti
BU - ANTHROPOLO - AN 349
9/16/10 Taiwanese Land Reform (KMT Run) o Wanted to get rid of Communist cells in Taiwan o Reasons why it worked: Japanese already did previous land reform for bookkeeping Eased the reform for KMT, knew who owned what Could buy off elite w/o alienating th
BU - ANTHROPOLO - AN 349
9/21/10 Mid 1950s o Positive rights right to food, to a job Bad because unemployment rate is increasing despite increased output (15%) Central economy o Problem trying to decide how much and at what price to produce everything Agriculture o How to prevent
BU - ANTHROPOLO - AN 349
9/23/10 Urban/Rural inequalities Bureaucratization o State is one entity, no balance or separation of powers o Successors? Where are the next generation of bureaucrats coming from? Socialist Education Campaign o Mao's attempt to purge opposition 1966-76:
BU - ANTHROPOLO - AN 349
9/30/10 Reforms in Agriculture start around 1979 o Land has not been privatized, but has been divided to individual families w/ contracts with the farm unit o Gradual easing up on capitalism more China had few foreign allies o Looked towards other small A
BU - ANTHROPOLO - AN 349
10/5/10 What is the relationship between state and society? o Depends on time period o Society = State Communist View Maoist vision Everything owned by the state, including media. One voice. Society = state, everyone is an activist, no bystanders More res
BU - ANTHROPOLO - AN 349
10/7/10 Chen Village Government had to debate: Do we change land use yet still remain self-sufficient with food? 10/14/10 Democratization of Taiwan Prelude 50s, 60s, 70s Prelude o Ideally, when people's incomes rise to a certain level, a country will demo
BU - ANTHROPOLO - AN 349
10/26/2010Strangers in the CityFirst, some broad issues related to Zhang's book, Strangers in the City: 1. Why is there a floating population? And once you have answered that by figuring out what it contributes, then why would the state want to demolish
BU - ANTHROPOLO - AN 349
10/28/10 Minorities and Ethnicity Background: Medical situation right before revolution is bad o War causes bad infrastructure, can't get basic medical care o Western medicine at the time: Peking Medical School training western doctors "only drop in a buc
BU - ANTHROPOLO - AN 349
11/4/2010 Movie Discussion With centralized control, the easier to monitor things like sanitation Treating many illnesses with acupuncture Chinese in the village were Catholics because ancestors were Catholics o Don't intermarry, always marrying Catholics
BU - ANTHROPOLO - AN 349
11/9/2010 Civility Saying please indicates equality (right to say no) Traditional Etiquette o Not equality, strictly hierarchical o Ranked by age o Don't say please or thank you to strangers b/c no relation Taiwan has moved very much towards American form
BU - ANTHROPOLO - AN 349
11/11/2010 Kinship Kuan-Hsi "connections, relations" Typical of banks in China not to give people loans based on business plan o Only give loans based on collateral o If your poor then, you need a different way to get money Draw on people you know Persona
BU - ANTHROPOLO - AN 349
11/16/2010 Marriage Cont. In olden days, it wasn't just love, it was arranged Seniors make the decision of arranged marriage young people are too naive o Marriage is simply an alliance between lines Binding feet used to prevent young women from being out
BU - ANTHROPOLO - AN 349
11/30/2010 Religion There are categories like Buddhist, Daoists, or Christians, but majority are just in their own "box" Going into a Chinese temple, seeing a young mother or father w/ little boy or girl squatting and sticking incense in kids hand and mov
BU - ANTHROPOLO - AN 349
12/7/2010 Religion Cont. Last class, addressed the big box (overall religious culture, not specific) Also addressed Daoism slightly Today we look at Buddhism Buddhism o Starts in India a reaction against Hinduism o Karma our decisions decide what creature
BU - ANTHROPOLO - AN 349
AN 349 NOTES10/19/2010 Exam: Many short answers (get full credit writing 2-3 sentences, or a little more), bullets 1 Essay Choose from 2 UNGER ARTICLE Gov gives monopoly in exchange for favoritism corporatism o Things not just creatures of the state o Lo
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