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Final Study Guide
Course: BIOLOGY BIO 231, Spring 2011School: Murray State KY
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Final 20:16 Study Guide Also know: All notes, powerpoints and handouts 3.5: Eye/Vision Anatomy of the Eye What are the different parts and what are their functions: Ex: Light rays are refracted by; cornea, aqueous humor, lens, and vitreous humor Extrinsic muscles of the eye Optic disc/macula lutea Strength of lens Equation Different types of visual acuity Ex: myopia vs. hyperopia etc. Corrective lens how they...
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Final 20:16 Study Guide Also know: All notes, powerpoints and handouts 3.5: Eye/Vision Anatomy of the Eye What are the different parts and what are their functions: Ex: Light rays are refracted by; cornea, aqueous humor, lens, and vitreous humor Extrinsic muscles of the eye Optic disc/macula lutea Strength of lens Equation Different types of visual acuity Ex: myopia vs. hyperopia etc. Corrective lens how they work and which type of visual acuity they correct Accomidation definition What muscles are involved Presobyopia Nystagmus Pupillary Reflex Blind spot Rods Vs. Cones Afterimage/ Negative Afterimage Color vision Vs. Color Blind (genetic disorder) 3.6: Ears: Cochlea and Hearing Anatomy of the Ear Conduction of sound waves throughout the entire ear
Action potentials and how they are interpreted Conduction deafness/Sensory deafness Where they effect, what causes them and how you can test for each of them Rinne's/ Weber's test How conduct test and what they test for Biaural localization Loudness Vs. Timing 8.1 Measurement Pulmonary of Function Definition Spiometry, ventilation, lung volumes Lung volumesdefinition All types: their definitions and how you use them in equations from lab sheet. Lung Capacities: definition All types, equations Boyle's Law What muscles are used during: Unforced ventilation Forced inhalation Forced exhalation Purpose of residual volume Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1 ) Pulmonary Disorders Two types: Obstructive disorders and Restriction disorders What type of diseases, What can cause them, and what they effect. All of 8.1 Lab sheet
8.2 Effect of Exercise on the Respiratory System Definitions: total minute volume, hypo/hyperventilation Where is RCC located? Gas exchange: Where it occurs Different levels of O2 and CO2 throughout body Partial pressures Metabolic Rate and Exercise: definition Basal metabolic rate When does metabolic rate increase and what is the result of this increase What is happening with O2 and CO2 levels Hyperpnea: Cause/ Changes Respiration and Exercise: Slide 7
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Murray State KY - BIO - BIO 231
Ventricular Pressure Changes During Cardiac Cycle 1.Isovolumetric Contraction and 1st heart sound (AV valves close) 2.Ejection Phase 3.Ventricular pressure falls and 2nd heart sound (semilunar valves close) 4.Isovolumetric relaxation lasts until pressur
Murray State KY - BIO - BIO 231
Reflex ArcExercise 3.3ReflexRelatively simple motor response made without the involvement of large numbers of association neurons Monosynapticreflex Cross-extensor reflex Cutaneous reflexMonosynaptic Reflex Simplestreflex (requires only one synaps
Murray State KY - BIO - BIO 231
Cutaneous Receptors and Referred PainExercise 3.4Sensory ReceptorsSensory receptors, in the skin, transduce mechanical or chemical stimuli into nerve impulses (action potentials)Any mechanical or chemical stimuli that comes in contact with the skin wi
Murray State KY - BIO - BIO 231
Eyes and VisionExercise 3.5Anatomy of the EyeThree walls or "tunics" Outer fibrous layer: sclera and cornea Middle vascular layer: choroid Inner layer: retinaThe lens, suspended by a suspensory ligament attached to the ciliary body, divides eye into
Murray State KY - BIO - BIO 231
Cardiovascular System and Physical FitnessExercise 7.7Heart Rate (HR) Maximum 220Cardiac Rate: maximum HR (bpm)Can be estimated for adults in a given age range age = max HRExample: 22 year old 220 22 = 198bpm Youwant to train at 60-80% of max HR
Murray State KY - BIO - BIO 231
Measurements of Pulmonary FunctionExercise 8.1DefinitionsSpirometry: technique for measuring lung volumes and capacities Ventilation: the movement of air in and out of the lungs There are many important aspects of pulmonary function that can be visuali
Murray State KY - BIO - BIO 231
Effect of Exercise on the Respiratory SystemExercise 8.2DefinitionsTotal Minute Volume: volume of air moving in and out of lungs per minuteTidal volume X frequency of breaths Hypoventilation: alveoli are inadequately ventilated Hyperventilation: hig
Murray State KY - BIO - BIO 231
Ears: Cochlea and HearingExercise 3.6Conduction of Sound through EarsSound waves conducted through outer ear (pinna and external auditory medius) tympanic membrane (eardrum) causes vibrations causes vibrations of 3 ossicles of middle ear (malleus, incu
Murray State KY - BIO - BIO 231
Blood Pressure Measurements and Vital SignsExercise 7.6Blood Pressure Perfusion:the tissues Arterial blood must be under sufficient pressure to overcome vascular resistance Sphygmomanometer: device used to measure BPadequate flow of blood throughBlo
Murray State KY - BIO - BIO 231
Heart SoundsExercise 7.5Keyterms Systole contraction of ventricles Diastole relaxation of the ventricles Ausculation listeningHeart SoundsThere are two main heart sounds, "lub" and "dub" To hear "lub" place stethoscope in 5th left intercostal spac
Murray State KY - BIO - BIO 229
Exam 2, Human Anatomy, Fall 20061. Gomphoses can be a. immovable joints only, b. slightly movable joints only, c. freely movable joints only, d.any of the above.2. The main subtype of tissue that connects the bones in sutures is a. areolar connective t
Murray State KY - BIO - BIO 229
Exam 1, Fall 2008, Fuller1.An example of an organ system is a. the areolar system, b. the heart system, c. the integumentary system, d. the kidney system. The main advantage of MRI over other medical imaging technique is a. safety, b. the patient feels
Murray State KY - BIO - BIO 229
Exam 2, Human Anatomy, Fall 20081.Skeletal muscles are involved in which of the following functions? A. warming the body, b. moving the body, c. stabilizing joints, d. all of these. The ability of muscle to react to signals from the nervous system is ca
Murray State KY - BIO - BIO 229
Exam 3, Fall 2008, Fuller1.In a healthy person, the buffy coat makes up less than _% of the blood: a. 5, b. 3, c. 2, d. 1. When all of the clotting proteins are removed from plasma, what is left is called a. hemoglobin, b. platelets, c. serum, d. water.
Murray State KY - BIO - BIO 229
Study Guide, Exam 1 Human Anatomy, Fall 2008NOTE: This study guide is not intended to replace your lecture notes. It is just a list of topics so that you'll know if you missed some information somewhere.Topic 1, Introduction (Chapt. 1): Definitions of a
Murray State KY - BIO - BIO 229
Study Guide, Exam 2 Human Anatomy, Fall 2008Topic 7, Introduction to muscles (Chapt. 10): General characteristics (special capabilities) and functions of muscle. Muscle terminology what are the names for muscle cells and their components? Organization of
Murray State KY - BIO - BIO 229
Study Guide, Exam 3 Bio 227, Fall 2008 Blood (Chapt. 17) What are the general structures and functions of the cardiovascular system? General composition of blood: non-formed elements what is the composition of plasma and serum; what macromolecules are in
Murray State KY - BIO - BIO 229
Study Guide 4, Bio 227 Fall 2008Digestive System (Chapt. 22) (intro material is on last study guide) What do the plexuses do in the alimentary tract? What are the major molecules that we digest and in what form are they absorbed? What types of enzymes di
Murray State KY - BIO - BIO 229
Exam 3, Fall 2008, Fuller1.In a healthy person, the buffy coat makes up less than _% of the blood: a. 5, b. 3, c. 2, d. 1. When all of the clotting proteins are removed from plasma, what is left is called a. hemoglobin, b. platelets, c. serum, d. water.
Murray State KY - BIOLOGY - BIO 101
Name:_Biology 101 Lab Quiz 2: Scientific Method and Metric System1. Come up with your own hypothesis, (remember the rules for coming up with a expectable hypothesis): _ _ _ _ _ _ 2. Now using your hypothesis explain which group is the control and which
Murray State KY - BIOLOGY - BIO 101
Name:_Biology 101 Lab Quiz 2: Scientific Method and Metric System1. Come up with your own hypothesis, (remember the rules for coming up with a expectable hypothesis): _ _ _ _ _ _ 2. Now using your hypothesis explain which group is the control and which
Murray State KY - BIOLOGY - BIO 101
Name:_ _Quiz 3: Carbon Cycle1. Humans are producers of? a. Oxygen b. Carbon Dioxide c. Sunlight d. All of the above 2. Where does Carbon Dioxide come from that plants use for photosynthesis a. Animals b. Water c. Air d. None of the above 3. What are the
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 1: The Health Care SystemMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. An 89-year-old man, recently discharged from a rehabilitation hospital because of his inability to concentrate and frequent memory lapses, cannot be left alone while his family works because of safety c
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 2: Patient Care SettingsMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. While the home health nurse is doing the entry to service assessment on a home-bound patient, the wife of the patient asks whether Medicare will cover the patients ventilator therapy and his insulin inje
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 3: Legal and Ethical ConsiderationsMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A good friend of the LPN confides that she is in a serious romantic relationship with a man the LPN had as a patient when he was diagnosed with HIV. HIPPA policies prevent the nurse from warni
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 4: The Leadership Role of the Licensed Practical NurseMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The LPN, as a regular staff member, knows all the patients and anticipates many of their needs. Other staff members are comfortable asking for advice. The advice is given fr
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 5: The Nurse-Patient RelationshipMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The nurse is preparing the anxious patient for major surgery and remarks, Everyone feels some anxiety, but you will be asleep during the whole thing. This is an example of which communication st
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 6: Cultural Aspects of Nursing CareMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The home health nurse prepares to teach a Hispanic patient who neither speaks nor reads English how to measure and administer insulin. The most helpful teaching tools would be: 1. a booklet fr
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 7: The Nurse and the FamilyMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The family is an important unit in society primarily because it: 1. offers unconditional love and acceptance. 2. provides emotional support and security. 3. is essential to life and society. 4. promot
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 8: Health and IllnessMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The nurse explains that the health-illness continuum is based on: 1. prevention of acute illness. 2. individual response to health or illness. 3. promotion of health and wellness. 4. variation in degree of
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 9: NutritionMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Regulation of the gastrointestinal system requires which two mechanisms? 1. Neural control and cardiovascular control 2. Secretion of hormones and kidney filtration 3. Neural control and secretions of hormones 4. Ca
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 10: Developmental ProcessesMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Developmental tasks may be defined as: 1. all the activities performed throughout life. 2. activities learned primarily in the middle years of life. 3. things to be learned and accomplished in each st
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 11: The Older PatientMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Old age or the term aged can best be defined as: 1. a persons state of mind. 2. a person over 65 years of age. 3. the process of growing older. 4. a person of advanced age. ANS: 4 Age is defined as old or a
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 12: The Nursing Process and Critical ThinkingMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The primary purpose of incorporating the nursing process into the care of patients is to: 1. establish a basis of communication with other nursing staff. 2. maintain compliance with
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 13: Inflammation, Infection, and ImmunityMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The patient in early labor says to the nurse: I will pass on protection from diseases and the baby will not ever need any shots. The best response by the nurse should be: 1. Babies are b
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 14: Fluids and ElectrolytesMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The nurse assesses that the patients urine has become much more concentrated, which results from the effect of: 1. adrenaline. 2. aldosterone. 3. antidiuretic hormone (ADH). 4. insulin. ANS: 2 Aldoste
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 15: Pain ManagementMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The nurse applying heat to an injured hip of a patient is careful not to leave the heat on longer than: 1. 15 minutes. 2. 20 minutes. 3. 30 minutes. 4. 1 hour. ANS: 3 If a heating device is left on more than
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 16: First Aid, Emergency Care, and Disaster ManagementMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A maintenance man falls from a ladder into the unit hall, striking his head on some equipment. The man is unconscious and not breathing; the Code Team has already been paged
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 17: Surgical CareMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A postoperative patient is complaining of incisional pain. An order has been given for morphine every 4 to 6 hours PRN. The first assessment by the nurse should be to: 1. assess for the presence of bowel sounds
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 18: Intravenous TherapyMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. In an assessment of a patient who has been receiving IV fluids for the last 6 hours, the nurse finds that the pulse is now bounding, the blood pressure is more than 15 mm Hg higher than the last reading,
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 19: ShockMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A patient is being sent to the unit from the ER with a diagnosis of shock. The nurse knows that the three types of shock are: 1. multiple organ, cardiogenic, and renal shock. 2. cardiogenic, renal, and hypovolemic shoc
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 20: FallsMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The nurse caring for a patient with ataxia would recommend that the family, in preparation for discharge home: 1. remove all scatter rugs from the home. 2. rearrange the bedroom furniture. 3. arrange for someone to sta
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 21: ImmobilityMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. In assessing a patients risk for complications of immobility, the nurse should be aware that there are several reasons for a person becoming immobile. A therapeutic reason may be: 1. to reduce the workload of the
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 22: ConfusionMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The family of a patient with Alzheimers disease asks the nurse, When will my mother quit being so confused? The nurses response should be based on the fact that dementia is: 1. a short-term confusional state that i
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 24: Loss, Death, and End-of-Life CareMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Following the death of a patient, the nurse should position the body: 1. prone. 2. supine. 3. on the side. 4. in Fowlers position. ANS: 2 The body should be placed in the supine position, wi
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 25: The Patient with CancerMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which statement reflects useful information to include in a teaching plan for a cancer patient? 1. Cancer is a group of diseases. The cancer cells are different from the cells in the tissue of origin
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 26: The Patient with an OstomyMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The nurse explains that an artificial opening into a body cavity is a(n): 1. gastrostomy. 2. ostomy. 3. colonoscopy. 4. ureterostomy. ANS: 2 An ostomy is an artificial opening into a body cavity. P
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 27: Neurologic DisordersMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The nurse explains that the neural synapse refers to the: 1. length of time it takes for afferent neurons to carry impulses to the CNS. 2. length of time it takes for efferent neurons to carry impulses t
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 28: Cerebrovascular AccidentMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A post-CVA patient who has weakness on the right side and impaired reasoning has had the CVA in the: 1. left hemisphere of the cerebrum. 2. right hemisphere of the cerebrum. 3. left cerebellum. 4. ri
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 29: Spinal Cord InjuryMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The nurse explains that the spinal cord extends from the brainstem to the level of which vertebra? 1. Last thoracic 2. Second lumbar 3. First sacral 4. Coccygeal ANS: 2 The cord starts at the brainstem and
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 30: Acute Respiratory DisordersMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A patient asks the nurse about how air goes from the nose to the lung. The nurse draws the route according to which sequence? 1. Trachea, larynx, bronchi 2. Pharynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli 3. B
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 31: Chronic Respiratory DisordersMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The nurse assesses wheezes in a patient with asthma and realizes that these breath sounds result from: 1. increased thickness of respiratory secretions. 2. use of accessory muscles of respiratio
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 32: Hematologic DisordersMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The nurse assesses the abnormal blood value for a young woman as: 1. platelets, 200,000/mm. 2. hemoglobin, 14 g/dL. 3. red blood cells, 2,000,000/mm. 4. iron, 68 g/dL. ANS: 3 The RBCs are low. The norma
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 33: Immunologic DisordersMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The nurse explains that the inflammatory response is initiated by immunoglobulin (IgE) and the: 1. macrophages and eosinophils. 2. macrophage and histamine. 3. monocytes and basophils. 4. neutrophils an
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 34: HIV/AIDSMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The school nurse uses a chart to demonstrate that according to statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the population with the greatest incidence of HIV infection in the United States i
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 35: Cardiac DisordersMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The nurse performs an apical-radial pulse evaluation, with the result of 100/88. This pulse deficit assessment is: 1. 12. 2. 24. 3. 76. 4. 88. ANS: 1 To detect an apical radial pulse deficit, the rates shou
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 36: Vascular DisordersMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A normal age-related change in older adults that makes them susceptible to cardiovascular disease is: 1. increasing cardiac output. 2. an increase in stroke volume. 3. stiff peripheral vessels. 4. oxygen c
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 37: HypertensionMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A patient inquires if his blood pressure is normal. The nurse responds that normal blood pressure is defined as less than: 1. 160/70 mm Hg. 2. 128/60 mm Hg. 3. 139/89 mm Hg. 4. 130/85 mm Hg. ANS: 4 Normal blood
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 38: Digestive Tract DisordersMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The nurse is preparing to give a brevity flow tube feeding using a large syringe. Prior to infusion, the nurse should: 1. roll the patient flat. 2. check for residual and return to the stomach. 3. p
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 39: Disorders of the Liver, Gallbladder, and PancreasMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The complication that the nurse would monitor for after a liver biopsy is: 1. headache. 2. muscle cramps. 3. bleeding. 4. respiratory distress. ANS: 3 Liver biopsy is a vascu
Sault College - NURSING - NURS1194 -
Chapter 40: Urologic DisordersMULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The nurse assesses a facial characteristic that is a sign of fluid retention in the patient with renal impairment, which is: 1. broken blood vessels around the nose. 2. periorbital edema. 3. rash on cheeks