system Endocrine (1)
1. NS NS----- Endocrine system (Ntr) (Hormone) pathway pathway (negtive feedback& homeostasis) 2. Hypothalamus (3 roles) 1) Hypothalamus --- ant. Pituitary (Epithelial) --- Target organs AXIS RH [+IH] portal FLAT [P(I)G] Hormone/acitivity? tropic hormones non-tropic H (tropin) 2) Hypothalamus --- post. Pituitary (Nervous)
ADH & O release
3) Hypothalamus --- ANS 3. Hormonal AXIS (hypothalamus pituitary gland endocrine target organs)
Endocrine system (2)
4. Independent regulation cycles ( g p g y (Organs? Hormone? Actions?) ) 1) Calcium: thyroid (C cells, calcitonin), parathyroid (PTH) 2) Glucose: Pancreatic 2 hormones (islets of Langerhans ) Alpha cells p g glucagon g increase blood glucose g Beta cells Insulin decrease blood glucose (BUILDING hormone) Hypothalamus Dependent Glucose regulation cycles (Organs? Hormone? Actions?) CRHACTH steroids (Adrenal Cortex) glucocorticoids (ex.: cortisol) increase blood glucose 3. 3 BREAKING DOWN or USING UP hormones esp under stress esp.under Thyroxin, Cortisol and Adrenaline (AKA epinephrine) 4. 4 GAS (AKA stress response) 3 stages
Origin Hypo thalamus
abbrevi ation GnRH CRH TRH PRH PIH GHRH GHIH
Full name Gonadotropin -releasing hormone corticotropin -releasing releasing hormone thyrotropin -releasing hormone prolactin-releasing hormone prolactin-inhibiting hormone growth hormonereleasing hormone g growth hormoneinhibiting g hormone
AKA
Primary action stimulates Gonadotropin release from the pituitary stimulates corticotropin release from the pituitary stimulates thyrotropin release from the pituitary stimulates PRL release from the inhibits pituitary PRL release from the pituitary stimulates GH release from the pituitary inhibits GH release from the pituitary
Origin
abbrev iation
Full name follicle stimulating follicle-stimulating hormone
AKA gonadotropin
Primary action Stimulates follicle development in ovary and sperm maturation in testes Stimulate sex hormones production f d ti from ovary and d testes Stimulates the release of steroid hormones by the y adrenal cortex Stimulates the release of thyroid hormones from thyroid gland Stimulates mammary gland development Stimulates growth g restricts H2O loss from the kidneys stimulates smooth muscle contractions in (breast etc)
Ant . P FSH
LH
luteinizing hormone
gonadotropin
ACTH
adrenocorticotropic hormone corticotropin
TSH
thyroid-stimulating hormone
thyrotropin
PRL GH Post. P ADH OT
prolactin Growth hormone Antidiuretic hormone oxytoxin
Origin Ovary Testes Adrenal cortex
abbreviation
Full name Sex hormone Sex hormone
AKA e.x. ex progesterone e.x. testosterone E.x. Cortisol
Primary action See reproductive system See reproductive system in blood glucose level Na+ (and H2O) retention See reproductive system p y
3 types of steroid hormones
Glucocorticoids mineralocorticoids Sex hormone Epinephrine Norepinephrine Thyroxin calcitonin l i i
Adrenal medulla Thyroid gland (follicle cells) (C cells) ll ) Parathyroid gland Pancreas ( cells) ( cells)
E NE T4
adrenaline
heart rate, blood pressure
basal metabolic rate i bl d calcium l in blood l i level l in blood calcium level
PTH
Parathyroid hormone Insulin Glucagon
in blood glucose level in blood glucose level