Patterns Organizational and Transitions
One of the ways you can accommodate your audience is by having a well organized paper/speech
Objectives
Explain why it is important to organize speeches. Identify five major patterns of organizing speeches. Explain the four types of transitions and their uses in presentations.
Three Components
Intro
Tell them what you are going to tell them.
Body
Tell them.
Conclusion
Tell them what you have just told them!
Main Points
The main points support the thesis of your paper or presentation
For our purposes 2-3 main points are sufficient 1 is NOT enough, 4 + will be too many
Thesis statement:
A single declarative sentence the overarching point of your speech/essay (note: if you find you need more than one sentence, you may be trying to make two claims in your speech/essay which will not work in this class) States what you want your readers to know, believe or understand
Organization of Main Points
Spatial Chronological Problem-solution Causal Topical
Spatial
Spatial-demonstrates a relationship geographically or directionally (east to west, bottom to top etc.)
Example of Spatial Organization
Example Thesis Statement: There are numerous new fashion trends springing up on the West Coast, the Midwest and the East Coast. MPI: The most popular trends along the West Coast will be fake fur, purple, and boots MPII: The most popular trends in the Midwest this winter will include anything leather and vintage t-shirts MPII: The most popular trends along the East Coast this winter will be tweed and short skirts
Chronological
Chronological-arranges material in an ordered sequence.
Example of Chronological
Example Thesis Statement: The history of the conflict in Kashmir resulted from three major events; the liberation of India and Pakistan from Britain, Kashmir's joining of India, and the drawing of the Line of Control in Kashmir. MPI: On August 15, 1947, India and Pakistan were liberated from Britain MPII: On October 27, 1947 Kashmir became part of India MPIII: In January 1948, the Line of Control was drawn in Kashmir.
Problem-Solution
Problem-Solution design should be used when your points clearly fall into two main points: a problem and a solution.
Problem-Solution Example
Example Thesis Statement: Discarded plastic bags create major problems for our environment and with some simple strategies, we can eliminate some of these problems. MPI: There two are major problems with the use of plastic bags: they are non-biodegradable and they negatively affect the ecosystem. MPII: There are three simple solutions we can employ to reduce our plastic bag waste.
Causal Pattern
The causal pattern is used to establish a cause-effect relationship between two variables or events.
Example Causal Pattern
May be arranged cause-effect or effect-cause: Strong storms on the surface of the sun called solar flares release large amounts of magnetic energy toward the earth. Solar flares are so powerful they can damage satellites, cause power outages, and disrupt other electronic and magnetic equipment.
Topical Pattern
The topical pattern is used when one of the other patterns does not fit your material. AKA: The Garbage Can Model...don't use it unless you absolutely must!!!
Characteristics of Good Main Points
Balanced you should spend approximately the same time on each main point Parallel Phrasing using the same phrasing for each main point Sub-points within each main point should be organized using one of the five patterns as well; continuing that pattern in all main points is especially effective!
Transitions
Directional Transitions between main points includes two parts: 1) a review of what you just said 2) a preview of what you are going to say.
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Signposts used within main points - words that orient your reader to the information i.e. first, next, lastly. Internal Previews within main points - what are you going to say? Internal Reviews within main points - what did you just say?
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Name this Org. Pattern:
MPI: Research in human-animal chimeras has generated medical concerns. MPII: Research in human-animal chimeras has generated ethical concerns. MPIII: Research in human-animal chimeras has generated legal concerns.
Name this Org. Pattern
MPI: Students' eating habits at school contribute to obesity among youths. MPII: Students eating habits at home contribute to obesity among youths.
Name this Org. Pattern
MPI: Secondhand smoke is dangerous to the health of patrons and workers at the city's businesses. MPII: Passing a citywide smoking ban in public places would help reduce health risk from secondhand smoke.
Name this Org. Pattern
MPI: Studies show bad eating habits begin in very young children. MPII: Teens continue to eat poorly at school or college. MPIII: Adults often make poor eating choices because of busy schedules.