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Chapter 5- Governmental Crime- Part 1

Course: CRJU E491, Fall 2011
School: South Carolina
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GovernmentalCrime GovernmentalCrime Part1 WhiteCollarCrime CRJU491WSpring2011 WilliamC.Smith SomeBasicTerms SomeBasicTerms AbuseofPowerFrequentlyoccurswhenthe stateoritsagentsviolatelawstoaccomplishan improperorprohibitedobjectiveor,morebroadly, whenthestateassumesandexercisespowerit shouldnothave. Useofgovernmentalauthorityinapparentviolationof protectionsaffordedcitizensundertheBillofRights typicallybringsallegationsofgovernmentalabuseof power. Allegationsofabuseofpoweroftenemergeintimesof nationalcrisisasgovernmentseekstoexertcontrol overfactors,orpersons,itdeemsthreateningtopublic orderorsecurity. Corruption Corruption CorruptionThemisuseofpoliticalofficefor materialadvantage,aswellasactsundertaken forpoliticaladvantage. Generally,corruptactsaredonewithanintenttogain someadvantageinconsistentwithofficialdutyandthe rightsofothers. Corruptionencompassesactssuchasbribery,butitis amorecomprehensivetypeofactivitybecauseanact maybecorruptlydoneeventhoughtheadvantageto bederivedfromtheactdoesnotinvolvereceiving somethingofvaluethatisofferedbyanother. WASHINGTON Vice President Dick Cheney's former chief of staff, I. Lewis "Scooter" Libby, was convicted Tuesday of lying and obstructing a leak investigation that reached into the highest levels of the Bush administration. Libby is the highest-ranking White House official to be convicted of a felony since the Iran-Contra scandal of the mid-1980s. The case brought new attention to the Bush administration's muchscandal criticized handling of weapons of mass destruction intelligence in the run-up to the Iraq war. criticized The verdict culminated a nearly four-year investigation into how CIA official Valerie Plame's name was leaked to reporters in 2003. The trial revealed that top members of the administration were eager to discredit Plame's husband, former Ambassador Joseph Wilson, who accused the administration of doctoring prewar intelligence on Iraq. Libby, who was once Cheney's most trusted adviser and an assistant to President Bush, was expressionless as the jury verdict was announced on the 10th day of deliberations. His wife, Harriet Grant, choked out a sob and lowered her head. Libby could face up to 25 years in prison when he is sentenced June 5 but under federal sentencing guidelines is likely to face far less. Defense attorneys immediately promised to ask for a new trial or appeal the conviction. Cheney said late Tuesday he was disappointed with the verdict. "I am saddened for Scooter and his family," Cheney said. "Scooter has served our nation tirelessly and with great distinction through many years of public service." and Bribery Bribery BriberyTheoffering,giving,receiving,or solicitingofsomethingofvalueforthepurposeof influencingtheactionofapublicofficialinthe dischargeofhisorherpublicorlegalduties. Closelyrelatedtobriberyisanoffenseknownas extortion.Inthecontextofgovernmentalwhite collarcrime,extortionmaybeseenapublic officialsobtaining,orrequesting,somethingof valuethroughthethreatofunfavorable governmentactionifnotprovided. TheAbscamBriberyScandal TheAbscamBriberyScandal Thename"Abscam"isderivedfromthe fictitiouscompanytheFBIsetup,Abdul Enterprises,tolurevariouspublicofficials intoacceptingbribes. ThestingwasexecutedusingFBIagents posingastwofictitioussheiksseekingto bribelocal,stateandfederalofficials. Muchoftheoperationwasdirectedby MelvinWeinberg,aconvictedconartist, whowashiredbytheFBIforthatpurpose. ItwasthefirstmajoroperationbytheFBIto trapcorruptpublicofficials. Sixcongressmen,DemocratsJohnJenretteof SouthCarolina,RaymondLedererof Pennsylvania,MichaelMyersofPennsylvania, JohnMurphyofNewYorkandFrankThompson ofNewJersey,andRepublicanRichardKellyof Florida,andonesenator,DemocratHarrison WilliamsofNewJersey,wereconvictedofbribery andconspiracychargesarisingfromtheAbscam stingin1981. PoliticalScandal PoliticalScandal PoliticalScandalTheexposureofviolationsof widelyheldnormsandideasofproperconductby thoseinpoliticaloffice. Inageneralsense,apoliticalscandalcomes aboutwhengovernmentofficialsareaccusedof engaginginillegal,corrupt,orunethicalpractices withtheresultthatpoliticalcorruptionisseento exist. TheIranContraAffair TheIranContraAffair Thepoliticalscandalknownasthe IranContraaffairthatunfoldedduring RonaldReaganssecondterm threatenedbothhisimageandhis administration. IranContrabeganasaneffortto improveU.S.Iranianrelations,but quicklydeterioratedintoanarmsfor hostagesdealinvolvingHezbollah andthediversionoffundstoContra rebelsinNicaragua. NoevidencelinkedPresidentReagan tothesecretoperationsdirectly,but therewaswidespreadspeculation amongtheAmericanpeopleabout hisinvolvement.Severalofhistop aideswereindicted,butallwerelater pardoned. UnderthesocalledBolandAmendment,the federalgovernmentwasprohibitedfromproviding militarysupport"forthepurposeofoverthrowing theGovernmentofNicaragua."Theamendment aimedtopreventCIAfundingofrebelsopposed totheMarxistSandinistajuntaandtoblock ReaganadministrationsupportfortheContra rebels. OliverNorth,aMarineLieutenantColonel assignedtotheNationalSecurityCouncil,and otherseniorU.S.officials,secretlyfacilitatedthe saleofarmstoIran,thesubjectofanarms embargo,andthenarrangedthetransferof proceedsfromthesalestoanticommunist ContrarebelsinSouthAmericawhowere seekingtooverthrowthecommunistgovernment ofNicaragua. Northwasindictedin1988onsixteenfelony Northwasindictedin1988onsixteenfelony countsinrelationtohisactivitieswhileatthe NationalSecurityCouncilandonMay4,1989, wasinitiallyconvictedofthree:acceptingan illegalgratuity,aidingandabettinginthe obstructionofacongressionalinquiry,and destructionofdocuments. HewassentencedonJuly5,1989,toathree yearsuspendedprisonterm,twoyears probation,$150,000infines,and1,200hours communityservice. OnJuly20,1990,withthehelpoftheAmerican CivilLibertiesUnion(ACLU),North's convictionswerevacated,aftertheappeals courtfoundthatwitnessesinhistrialmight havebeenimproperlyaffectedbyhis immunizedtestimonybeforeCongress. TheAbramoffScandal TheAbramoffScandal AJanuary2006pleadealbetweenthe JusticeDepartmentandRepublican lobbyistJackAbramoffmadepublicfor thefirsttimeawidespreadinvestigation intopoliticalcorruptionamonglawmakers, othergovernmentofficialsandkey lobbyists. OnJan.3,2006,Abramoffpleadedguilty tochargesofconspiracy,mailfraudand taxevasionrelatedtodefraudingfour NativeAmericantribesoutofmillionsof dollars.Heagreedtocooperatewith federalprosecutorsandadmittedto providingnumerousgifts,including campaigncontributions,freemealsanda golftriptoScotland,toacongressman identifiedinpressreportsasOhio RepublicanBobNey. On June 26, 2007 Griles was sentenced to a $30,000 fine and 10 months imprisonment, with some harsh words from Judge Ellen Huvelle, who doubled his prison sentence, telling the former second-ranking Interior Department official: "Even now, you continue to minimize and try to excuse your conduct."

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