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Course: GEOG 103, Fall 2011School: South Carolina
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Urbanizing UrbanGeography GEOGRAPHY103 FALL2011 An World 1900- 13 cities with 1million people 2008- 455 cities with 1 million people An Urbanizing World Origins of Cities Agricultural Surplus Organizational Structure/Power Easy to Defend Development of complex economies Industrial Revolution and Cities Accelerated urbanization Shifted centers of wealth and power within urban areas Terms City Central...
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Urbanizing UrbanGeography
GEOGRAPHY103
FALL2011
An World
1900- 13 cities with 1million people
2008- 455 cities with 1 million people
An Urbanizing World
Origins of Cities
Agricultural Surplus
Organizational Structure/Power
Easy to Defend
Development of complex economies
Industrial Revolution and Cities
Accelerated urbanization
Shifted centers of wealth and power within
urban areas
Terms
City
Central
business district
Residential and non-residential
land uses
Serves multiple functions
Town
Smaller
in size
Less functional complexity
than cities
Terms
Suburb
Smaller
community adjacent to
or within commuting distance
of a city
mix of retail, industrial parks,
office complexes and
entertainment facilities
Dependent on city
Terms
Metropolitan area
Large-scale
functional entity
Contains several urbanized areas (groupings of
cities, towns, suburbs, etc.)
Terms
Example: Los Angeles Metro Area
Location of Urban Settlements
The settlement must be efficiently located
Site
Exact
or absolute location and attributes
Situation
How
areas
the city is situated in relation to other
FunctionsprovidedbyUrbanAreas
Retailing
PublicServices
Wholesaling
Education
Manufacturing
BusinessServices
Entertainment
Political&Official
Administration
MilitaryDefenseNeeds
Social&Religious
Service
Transportation&
Communications
MeetingPlaces
Recreation
VisitorServices
ResidentialAreas
The Economic Base
Basic sector
produce goods or services for people outside the urban area
money flows into the community
Nonbasic sector
produce goods or services for residents of the urban area
do not bring in outside money
Basic/nonbasic ratio
the more basic workers an urban area has, the more nonbasic
workers are needed to support them
Transportation and Evolving Cities
Urban
Decentralization
Urban Geography/Population Geography
Migration
Push
factors
factors
Suburbanization Pull in the U.S.
Suburbanization after WWII
Housing developments served as a pull
factor to the suburbs
Industries followed the trend
Suburbs began to rival the power of the
central city
edge cities
History of Urban Sprawl in Chicago
CentralCityChange
Constrictedcentralcities
suburbanizationreducedthe
economicbaseofthecentral
cityandisolateditsresidents
Philadelphia
Chicago
Evolving Cities
Gentrification
Gentrification
Pros
Revitalizeeconomically
depressedareas
Returnofpopulationto
cities
Increaseintaxbase
Betterlooking
neighborhoods
Cons
Removaloflowcost
optionsforexisting
population
Risingtaxesforthosewho
stay
West European Cities
Many have random patterns of narrow streets, and ring
roads indicating location of former city walls
Compact form with low skyline, and occupy less total
area than American cities
High densities of apartment dwelling
residents largely dependent on
public transportation
Former Soviet Cities (Russia, Eastern Europe)
Urban planning
Mikrorayons
Cities in the Developing World
Backgrounds, histories, and current economies and
administrations vary so greatly that it is difficult to
generalize about internal structures
Cities in the Developing World
Modern
technologies in
transportation
and public
facilities are
often sparsely
available
Cities in the Developing World
New Delhi
Dhaka,
Bangladesh
Cities in the Developing World
A monumental government building or
religious structure often occupies the city
center.
Cities in the Developing World
Massive in-migration from rural areas
result in populations greater than the city
can support
Cities in the Developing World
Impoverished squatter districts exist
around most major African, Asian, and
Latin American cities
Cities in the Developing World
Cities in the Developing World
Rural to Urban Migration
Urban Primacy
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