Review Final Module 1 Match the type of psychologist with a description of their work. a. counseling h. b. clinical i. c. psychiatric j. d. school k. e. educational l. f. developmental m. g. experimental n. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
human factors consumer industrial/organizational social forensic health sports
Helps improve performance and relationships of individuals in business and organizations____ Studies the behavior of shoppers. ____ Helps people with adjustment problems and relationship issues. ____ Studies the behavior of people in social situations. ____ A medical doctor who treats individuals with psychiatric disorders. ____ Helps individual children with problems that interfere with learning. ____ Works to improve learning for an entire school or school system. ____ Studies development across the lifespan. ____ Helps people improve performance in sports. ____ Studies the relationship between psychological factors and health. ____ Works with the criminal justice system. ____ A Ph.D. who treats people with psychological disorders. ____ Helps make technical systems more user friendly. ____ Conducts research on psychological issues.
Matching. Match the perspective to its description. a. psychodynamic b. humanistic c. cognitive d. behavioral 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
e. f. g.
biological behavior-genetics neuroscientific
Bob believes depressive thoughts and ways of thinking cause psychological disorders. ____ Betty believes our genes and our environment influence our individual differences. ____ Fred believes his client's depression is caused by a chemical imbalance. ____ Arnie believes that Ursula is depressed because of an obstacle that interferes with her ability to self-actualize. ____ Harry believes that his patient's anxiety disorder is caused by unconscious mental conflicts. ____ Ingrid believes her client has been rewarded for the manipulative behavior that is a symptom of her personality disorder. Hortense believes the body and brain work to create emotions, memories, and sensory experiences. _____
Module 3 Identify the experimental group, control group, independent variable, dependent variable and any confounding variables in the following experiment. Note whether there is a selection factor and if the experiment is blind or double blind. Dr. Piercy wants to investigate whether spending time in Walmart increases students stress level and decreases their ability to concentrate. She asks students to select a "Walmart" or a "Target" shopping
group and gives them a list of items to buy before class one day (Dr. Piercy gives them the money, of course!). After the students do their shopping and come to class, Dr. Piercy gives them a math test and compares the results. Dr. Piercy does not know where students shopped. Modules 4-6 Know the parts of the neuron, how it fires, and the how drugs effect neurotransmitters. Know the parts of the brain, the neurotransmitters, and the divisions of the nervous system. Neuron and neurotransmitters Matching. Use the following list to answer questions 3-13: a. b. c. d. e. f. 3. 4. 5. dendrites g. axon h. axon terminals i. synapse j. cell body k. acetylcholine _____Inhibits unnecessary firings of neurons. _____Receive information from other neurons. _____Contains the genetic material and cytoplasm of a neuron. GABA serotonin norepinephrine endorphins dopamine
6. _____Reduction of this is associated with mood, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, eating and impulse control disorders. 7. 8. _____Tube that carries information from the cell body to the axon terminals. _____Release neurotransmitters into the synapse.
9. _____Important in movement, memory, and attention. Reduction associated with Alzheimer's Disease. 10. _____Involved in eating, learning, and memory. Affects the autonomic (involuntary) nervous system. 11. _____Excess associated with Schizophrenia. 12. _____Occur in response to pain or vigorous exercise. 13. _____Space between neurons where neurotransmitters are released. Modules 13-16: Baby Matching. Use the following list to answer questions 2-9: a. b. c. d. zygote embryo fetus cell differentiation
e. f. g. h.
age of viability teratogen 20/400 the visual cliff
2. The process by which cells become specialized to perform different functions. ________ 3. The name for the baby during the last 3 months of the prenatal period. ________ 4. Infants will fear this by 6 or 7 months of age. ________ 5. Any factor in the environment that can harm a developing embryo or fetus. ________ 6. The name for the baby during the first two weeks of pregnancy, before implantation. ________ 7. The time when a fetus has a 50/50 chance of surviving if born; between 22 and 26 weeks. ________ 8. An infant's vision at birth. 9. The name for the developing baby from the end of the second week until the beginning of the third month of pregnancy. ________ 10. Describe the effects of the following teratogens on a developing baby: Alcohol:_______________________________________________________________________________ Smoking: _____________________________________________________________________________ Infectious Agents: ______________________________________________________________________ Cocaine: ______________________________________________________________________________ Prescription and over the counter medications _________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Piaget Matching. Use the following list to answer questions 21-24: a. preoperational b. concrete operational c. formal operational d. sensorimotor 11. Thinking becomes abstract 12. Acting on the world with eyes, ears, and hands is the chief characteristic of this stage 13. Can't yet use logic or perform mental operations. Begin to represent the world with symbols. 14. The beginning of logical thought. Understand that changing the appearance of things doesn't change their amount. Can't yet think abstractly. Know Kohlberg's theory, the three types of temperament, and the four styles of attachment. 1. The growth spurt starts around age ___ for girls and age ___ for boys. Parenting Styles Matching. Use the following list to answer questions 8-11: a. Authoritarian b. Authoritative c. Permissive d. Indifferent 2. Show much warmth but exercise little control. 3. Neither set limits or display much affection. 4. Use firm control but encourage communication and negotiation of rules. 5. Dictate and use rigid rules. Know the 8 stages of Erikson's theory. Modules 23-25: *Dr. Piercy's cats have learned to run to their bowl when they hear Dr. Piercy pick up the bag of cat food. Identify the previously neutral stimulus, the UCS, the UCR, the CR and the CS in this situation. Previously neutral stimulus:
UCS: CS:
UCR: CR:
Is this an example of CLASSICAL or OPERANT conditioning? *Dr. Piercy is trying a new program to improve students' grades. Each time students receive an "A" on a test, they get movie tickets and do not have to take the next quiz. However, for each D or F, students must run 10 laps around Merrit Hall and have to give Dr. Piercy $20. Is this an example of CLASSICAL or OPERANT conditioning? Identify the examples of positive and negative reinforcement and positive and negative punishment in this example. If tests are given every two weeks, what is the timing of reinforcement in this example? What if students never know when they will receive the reinforcement? Modules 26-30 1. Fill in the following chart: Type of Memory Duration Sensory
Capacity
Function
Working
Long-Term
The capacity of working memory was discovered by _______________ and the duration and capacity of sensory memory was researched by ____________. 3. The three components of working memory are the____________________, the_____________________ and the________________________. (Know the function of each of these). 4. Forgetting can also occur because we alter memories due to the influence of _________________, (sets of information about people, situations, events and ideas). This alteration of memories is known as memory _________________. Schemas can also lead us to add information to our memories this is known as memory_________________. 5. Decay seems to be the reason we forget from _________________memory and _________________. However information from _________________memory is probably forgotten because of interference, retrieval inhibition and the influence of schemas. Modules 36-39: 1. _________________can be defined as internal processes that serve to activate, guide, and maintain our behavior. 2. _________________ is a state of balance within the body. 3. _________________ theory suggests that we are motivated to do things because of unpleasant states of arousal. These unpleasant states of arousal are known as _________________. 4. _______________theory suggests that we seek just the right level of activation (our general level of activation is known as _________________). 5. The _________________ law suggests that the more difficult the task, the _________________ the optimal level of _________________.
2.
6. _________________ created a hierarchy of needs. 7. Fill in the levels of the hierarchy of needs:
8. The bottom three levels of the hierarchy are known as ______________ needs. 9. The top two levels of the hierarchy are known as _______________ needs. 10. ___________ motivation is the urge to obtain and consume food. 11. For humans, motivation to engage in sexual behavior is dramatically influenced by ____________ and ___________. 12. _______________motivation is the desire to accomplish difficult tasks or excel. Modules 40-42 13. The three major components emotion of are: a. ____________________________________________________________ b. ____________________________________________________________ c. __________________________________________________________ 14. Having the physical and subjective-cognitive experience of emotion at the same time illustrates the __________________ theory. Having the physical experience and then the subjective cognitive experience illustrates the __________________ theory of emotion. Frank is participating as a subject in an experiment on emotion. He is injected with epinephrine, and then asked to wait in a room with another person. The person (an actor, hired by the researchers) is very irritated. Frank "catches" the irritation from the person he waits with. In the same experiment, Frank's friend Hank (also injected with epinephrine) "catches" the elation of the person he waits with. What theory of emotion does this provide support for? _____________________________________________. 15. Walking into her house alone late at night, Henrietta sees a pile of clothes on the floor and jumps and screams before she realizes it's just a pile of clothes. What does this demonstrate? 16. Ursula is accused of stealing Twinkies from the vending machines in the Student Center at CVCC. She did not steal the Twinkies. Should she take a polygraph test? Why or why not?
Modules 43-44: 17. __________________ is the branch of psychology that studies the relationship between psychological variables and health. __________________ is our response to events that disrupt, or threaten to disrupt our physical or psychological functioning. 18. Two main causes of stress are stressful __________________ and __________________of daily life. 19. There is a strong link between stress and __________________. In fact, stress may play a role in ____-____% of all illnesses. 20. The impact of a stressor can depend upon our _________________________. Our personality may also affect the impact of a stressor. For example, whether or not we have a type _____ or _____ personality, or whether we are high in __________________hardiness (which includes the three factors of ____________________________________ and __________________). Having a good _________of ___________ and plenty of social ______________
21. Our response to stress includes three stages of __________________, _________________, and __________________. These three stages are known as the ____________________________________. Modules 45-47: 22. __________________ is defined as a person's unique and relatively stable patterns of behavior, thoughts, and emotions. 23. Sigmund Freud created __________________ theory which emphasizes the role of the __________________mind. Freud described the three basic parts of personality as the ______, ______, and ____________ and believed that personality results from the dynamic interplay of these three parts of personality and the relative dominance of each. Freud suggested that we pass through the following stages of development: __________________, __________________, __________________, __________________, and __________________. Too much or too little stimulation in any one stage can result in __________________. One of Freud's most significant contributions is the description of the ____________________________________: repetitive, stereotyped patterns of behavior used to ward off anxiety. 24. Match the following behaviors with their defense mechanisms: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ rationalization denial sublimation displacement regression projection repression
Belinda cannot remember being abused as a child. Bob is angry at his boss and yells at his wife when he gets home. Freddie says he did not try out for soccer because he doesn't like the color of the uniforms this year. When Yvonne is told she cannot have the answers to Dr. Piercy's final, she throws a temper tantrum, kicking and screaming on the floor. Jacob knows his girlfriend is cheating on him, but pretends that she isn't. Jenny is very jealous of Ursula and would like to spread rumors about her. Instead, she is overly enthusiastic about telling everyone how much she likes her. (**Bonus: this particular form of this defense mechanism is known as_______________________________)
25. The __________________ were theorists who disagreed with Freud on at least one major point. Carl Jung believed in the _________________________(which holds all the experiences shared by all human beings throughout history). Karen Horney thought that interpersonal __________________ were important and that each sex has attributes that are admired by the other. __________________believed that personality develops out of efforts to strive for superiority and that __________________ and __________________ are important in making people who they are. 26. The Humanistic theorists emphasize __________________ and personal __________________. These theorists focus on the __________________ and believe that all people are basically ________ and are striving for __________________________. The goal of therapy is to remove __________________that interfere with growth.
27. The ___________theories of personality describe people in terms of characteristics. Allport suggested one ____________trait, 5-10 ___________ traits and several other less important __________________traits.
28. The "Big Five" Factors of personality identified by 20 year of research include: O: ____________________________________ C: ____________________________________ E: ____________________________________ A: ____________________________________ N: ____________________________________ 29. The learning theories of personality state that we are the way we are because of what we have __________________. Modules 48-52: 30. Name the 7 criteria for a psychological disorder: ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 31. What are the five axes of the DSM IV TR? Axis I: ______________________________________________________ Axis II: ______________________________________________________ Axis III: ______________________________________________________ Axis IV: ______________________________________________________ Axis V: ______________________________________________________ 32. Depression and bipolar disorders are _________ disorders. If a mood disorder is unipolar, it involves only __________________. Know the difference between the 3 types of bipolar disorders we discussed in class, as well as the types of unipolar disorders. 33. Know the symptoms of phobia, social phobia, panic attacks, panic disorder, panic disorder with agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. These are all __________________disorders. 34. __________________disorders are disorders in which psychological symptoms take on a physical form. Know the symptoms of somatization disorder, conversion disorder and hypochondriasis. 35. __________________disorders involve a malfunction or exaggeration of our normal ability to dissociate, or split our consciousness. Know the symptoms of dissociative identity disorder, dissociative amnesia and dissociative fugue. 36. List several symptoms of schizophrenia: _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ It was stressed in class that schizophrenia DOES NOT include ____________________________________. This controversial symptom is only included in the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder.
37. The __________________ are enduring patterns of inner experience and behavior that differ markedly from the expectations of an individual's culture. Know the symptoms of the nine types of these. Modules 53-55 1. __________________is the use of psychological techniques to treat emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal problems. There are hundreds of types of therapy (True or False?) 2. Define the following techniques used in psychoanalytic therapy: Free association: ______________________________________________________ Examining resistance:___________________________________________________ Dream interpretation:___________________________________________________ Interpretation:________________________________________________________ Examining Transference:_________________________________________________ 3. The ________________therapies focus on conscious thoughts, feelings, and experiences. They also emphasize human potential, self-awareness, and freedom of choice. 4. The therapies mentioned in #3 suggest that all people are striving for __________________ 5. ____________________is the form of therapy developed by Carl Rogers. Describe the conditions for this type of therapy. 6. ____________________is the application of the principles of learning to change problematic behaviors. ____________________changing associations between stimuli, and ____________________involves changing the rewards and consequences for behavior. 7. ____________________ and____________________ developed cognitive therapies, which focus on changing problematic _______________________. Know the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of group, family and couples therapy, as well as the reasons you should seek therapy.