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Course: ECE 5650, Fall 2011School: UCCS
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Digital Signal Modern Processing ECE 5650/4650 Lecture Notes xn hn He j 0 n Gain - dB 0 -45 yn 0 Frequency 0.5 Im n Re 0 z-plane 1999201 Mark A. Wickert 1 Chapter Course Introduction/Overview Contents 1.1 Introduction to Modern Digital Signal Processing . . 1-3 1.2 Contemporary DSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 1.2.1 The Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4...
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Digital
Signal Modern Processing
ECE 5650/4650 Lecture Notes
xn
hn
He
j
0
n
Gain - dB
0
-45
yn
0
Frequency
0.5
Im
n
Re
0
z-plane
1999201 Mark A. Wickert
1
Chapter
Course Introduction/Overview
Contents
1.1
Introduction to Modern Digital Signal Processing . .
1-3
1.2
Contemporary DSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-4
1.2.1
The Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-4
1.2.2
Key Applications Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-5
1.3
Course Perspective in Comm/DSP Area ECE . . . . .
1-7
1.4
What is this course about? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-8
1.5
Software Analysis/Simulation Tools . . . . . . . . . .
1-9
1.6
The Computer Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
1.7
Course Syllabus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
1.8
Instructor Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12
1-1
CHAPTER 1. COURSE INTRODUCTION/OVERVIEW
.
1-2
ECE 5650/4650 Modern DSP
1.1. INTRODUCTION TO MODERN DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
1.1
Introduction to Modern Digital Signal Processing
Contemporary DSP
Theory
Technology
Applications
Course perspective
Expected background
Where to go from here
What is this course about?
The role of computer analysis/simulation tools in and outside
this course
The computer simulation project
Instructor policies
ECE 5650/4650 Modern DSP
1-3
CHAPTER 1. COURSE INTRODUCTION/OVERVIEW
1.2
Contemporary DSP
The theoretical foundation for Modern signal processing got
its start back in the late 1960s and early 1970s
Two key texts which started this era are Digital Signal Processing by Oppenheim and Schafer and Theory and Application of
Digital Signal Processing by Rabiner and Gold, both published
in 1975
The Oppenheim and Schafer Discrete-Time Signal Processing
text (1989, 1999, 2010) is now in its third edition
A good source of recent theoretical developments is the IEEE
Journal on Signal Processing (formerly Acoustics Speech and
Signal Processing) and the annual Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing
(ICASSP)
Other applied digital signal processing conferences exist and
are usually associated with trade shows
1.2.1
The Technology
DSP chips/architectures
Integer/Fixed point implementations
Floating point implementations
FPGA based implementations
DSP software and tools
1-4
ECE 5650/4650 Modern DSP
1.2. CONTEMPORARY DSP
1.2.2
Key Applications Areas
Computers/Internet
Broadband access
Voice over IP
MP3 and related high quality audio formats
Multimedia in general: data, voice, music, & video
Wireless Communications
Mobile communications (over 200 million phones/yr over
the world)
High-speed modems and xDSL
Real-time data compression for voice and video
Wireless and telecommunication infrastructure
Industrial
Real-time processing of industrial and medical signals
PC with DSP for virtual instruments for test and analysis
Digital Control Systems
DSP vs microprocessors and microcontrollers
Audio
MP3 players
Home audio and theatre systems
Noise cancelling, e.g., quieting a car interior using adaptive noise cancellation
ECE 5650/4650 Modern DSP
1-5
CHAPTER 1. COURSE INTRODUCTION/OVERVIEW
Video Imaging
HDTV
Special purpose image processing in instrumentation and
medical
Biomedical
Many possibilities
Hearing aids
Diagnostic imaging
Military/Aerospace
An active DSP area for over 30 years
Many consumer DSP applications had their start here
Sophisticated surveillance systems and smart weapons
Specialty technologies include:
1-6
Frequency domain processing
Parallel processing
Radar signal processing
Software dened radio
ECE 5650/4650 Modern DSP
ECE 5650/4650 Modern DSP
Other Graduate
Signals & Systems
Courses Offered on
Demand/Indep. Study
Inform/
Coding
Spectral
Estimation
Wireless &
Mobil Com
Spread
Spectrum
Statistical
(odd)
Signal
Process
Estim &
Adap Filt
Sp
PLL &
Freq Syn
Sp
Detect/
Estimation
Random
Signals
Real-Time
DSP
Comm
Sys I
Sp
Modern
DSP
Fa
Prob &
Statistics
Signals &
Systems
Fa (even)
Satellite
Comm
Optical
Comm
Wireless
Fa (odd)
Networking
Comm
Sys Year
Graduate II
Signal
Process
Lab
Image
Processing
Radar
Systems
Comm
Networks
Comm
Lab
1.3
Senior/1st Signals &
Systems Courses
Undergraduate
Engineering
Curriculum
1.3. COURSE PERSPECTIVE IN COMM/DSP AREA ECE
Course Perspective in Comm/DSP
Area ECE
1-7
CHAPTER 1. COURSE INTRODUCTION/OVERVIEW
1.4
What is this course about?
This course has as its focus the nuts and bolts of one-dimensional
discrete-time signals and systems analysis
Developing analytical skills is of primary importance
Introducing specialized applications is secondary
Most all of the theoretical developments will parallel those of
a traditional continuous-time signals and systems course
Here at UCCS, we now introduce discrete-time signal and
systems in ECE 2610 (Intro to Sig & Sys), and more DSP
topics are covered in ECE 3205 (Ckts & Sys II)
This course pushes the math well beyond the introduction
in those courses
Unique aspects of discrete-time signals and systems include:
Analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog interfaces
Multi-rate processing systems, i.e., more than one sampling rate in the signal input/output path
Software recongurability of systems
Discrete random signals will be introduced
This will allow analysis of quantization affects
Key to follow-on courses involving statistical signal processing
1-8
ECE 5650/4650 Modern DSP
1.5. SOFTWARE ANALYSIS/SIMULATION TOOLS
1.5
Software Analysis/Simulation Tools
The experimental investigation of discrete-time signals and systems does not require a lab full of test equipment
What is available from the academic perspective:
Basic mathematical analysis tools include
MATLAB, Mathematica
DSP specic tools include
MATLAB/Simulink/SP Block Set, LabView/MathScript
Agilent ADS (advanced design system) with Ptolemy
Starting from scratch
The C/C++ programming language
Real-time DSP Development
For Texas Instruments DSPs Code Composer Studio Platinum Edition
Verilog/VHDL hardware description languages
For Analog Devices DSPs Visual DSP
Other tools that have code generation capability
Inexpensive hardware evaluation is also a reality, e.g.,
TI C6713 DSK $355 with USB interface
Others from Analog Devices and Motorola
ECE 5650/4650 Modern DSP
1-9
CHAPTER 1. COURSE INTRODUCTION/OVERVIEW
1.6
The Computer Projects
Computer based exercises using MATLAB will be assigned
during the semester from the Burrus, et al. text
These projects rst familiarize you with MATLAB, then
work through the many details of DSP in the time and
frequency domains
A larger computer simulation project, will be assigned during
the second-half of the semester, in place of additional computer
based exercises
Past simulation projects have focused on software dened
radio concepts, e.g., IF sampling, adaptive lters, a DSP
based modem
MATLAB is sufcient for this project
In the Spring Semester ECE 5655, Real-Time DSP is offered
as a complement to Modern DSP
In this course TI Tool set, Code Composer Studio is used
to program the high performance C6x processor family
(specically the C6713 DSK)
Another follow-on path is ECE 5615, Statistical Signal Processing, which builds upon the theory side of DSP and introduces random signals
Beyond ECE 5650, an undergraduate background in probability and random variables is required
1-10
ECE 5650/4650 Modern DSP
1.7. COURSE SYLLABUS
1.7
Course Syllabus
ECE 5650/4650 Modern DSP
1-11
CHAPTER 1. COURSE INTRODUCTION/OVERVIEW
1.8
Instructor Policies
Homework papers are due at the start of class
If business travel or similar activities prevent you from attending class and turning in your homework, please inform me beforehand
Grading is done on a straight 90, 80, 70, ... scale with curving
below these thresholds if needed
Screencasts of the lectures will be made available as soon as
possible after each lecture; this may be of help to those of you
that travel and to others for review purposes
Homework solutions will be posted on the course Web site as
PDF documents with password protection
Old exams will be posted on the Web site prior to the hour
exams
1-12
ECE 5650/4650 Modern DSP
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UCCS - ECE - 5650
ECE 5650/4650 Computer Project #3Adaptive Filter SimulationThis project is to be treated as a take-home exam, meaning each student is to due his/her ownwork without consulting others. The grading for this third computer project will be handled differen
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
Notes:How java works ?In my lands to the Crown.4 Because of this, the spectre of Aboriginal title has hauntedthe provincial governments claim to jurisdiction over B.C.s lands andresources.5 In addition to the expropriation of their lands, First Nation
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
What is Insurance ?They themselves engaged in competitive negotiations that veer away from theinterest-based creativity idealized by the architects of the treaty process.Often proponents of the treaty process claim that it is designed to achieveboth j
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
The range of conflict between past and present normalciesis revealed as unending.10Our goal, however, is not to examine every apology made inresponse to demands within civil society, but to examine a particular classof institutional apologies: those o
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
Two peculiar institutionsAlthough most examinations of historical apologetics have focused onthe apologies of governmental, corporate or religious entities, Americanuniversities are now increasingly being confronted with their past, oftenbased on the
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
In above, these institutions are by no means the only American schoolsthathave examined their relationship to slavery, at each of these two schoolsthe debate was extended and consequential. For this analysis we relyuponinterviews, newspaper records a
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
Problem 3.5Remember, to calculate the taxes on the equipment salvagevalue, we take the book value minus themarket value, times the tax rate. Using the same method asthe headache only pill, the cash flowseach year for the headache and arthritis pill w
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
Problem 3.19In year 2, the company will have a cash outflow to pay for the cost of the new equipment. Sincetheequipment will be purchased in two years rather than now, the equipment will have a highersalvagevalue. The book value of the equipment in f
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
Discussion 6.3Next, we need to account for the changes in inventory each year. The inventory is apercentage ofsales. The way we will calculate the change in inventory is the beginning of periodinventory minusthe end of period inventory. The sign of t
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
Mahabharat notesDuryodhana said: "I feel so distracted thatno plan occurs to me. Perhaps, we maytake advantage of the fact that thesePandavas are not born of one and thesame mother and create enmity betweenthe sons of Madri and those of Kunti. Weca
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
Solution to Case studyIN the stories narrated in the Puranas,birds and beasts speak like men, andRe-establish that and be famous." Insometimes they give sound advice andthiseven teach spiritual wisdom. But themanner Dhritarashtra spokenatural qual
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
Paradise Pickles & PreservesMay in Ayemenem is a hot, brooding month. The days are long andhumid. The river shrinks and black crows gorge on bright mangoes instill, dustgreen trees. Red bananas ripen. Jackfruits burst. Dissolutebluebottles hum vacuous
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
description and Problem StatementThe problem under consideration is the market expansionof a leading Indian insurance firmwhich operates in Life Insurance sector. The firm currentlyholds about 85% market share in theLife micro-insurance segment and i
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
Notes on SocietyFraser posits that transformative remedies to socio-economicand culturalsymbolicinjustices are less problematic when pursued simultaneously.However, it is this aspect of her model that presents the greatestdifficultieswhen considerin
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
A Sunbeam Lent to Us Too BrieflyAmmu explained later that Too Briefly meant For Too Short a While. After the funeralAmmu took the twins back to the Kottayam police station. They were familiar with theplace. They had spent a good part of the previous da
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
We need to calculate the NPV of the two options, go directly to market now, orutilize test marketingfirst. The NPV of going directly to market now is:NPV = CSuccess (Prob. of Success) + CFailure (Prob. of Failure)NPV = $20,000,000(0.50) + $5,000,000(0
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
If they contain just simple lines of code, use no for loops or the like, C+functions can bedeclared INLINE. This means their code will be inserted right everywhere thefunction is used.That's somehow like a macro. Main advantage is the program will be
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
The B.C. Treaty Process was established through the report of the B.C.Claims Task Force, which began its work in 1991. The formation of this taskforce marked a decided break with previous efforts to address the land questionin British Columbia. Instead
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
Universities are unusual in the importance they attach to theirpast. And we do this in a host of different ways. When we have acommencement, theres someone carrying a mace, and were readingstuff in Latin, and were marching through gates that are onlyo
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
Other non-Aboriginal persons involved in the treaty process fear thatdifferential treatment directed toward correcting past wrongs will result in theimposition of new injustices; that is, that the wrongs of the past will beaddressed by creating new wro
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
Weve learned a lot, but theres nothing in particular that theythink Brown can do or should do, I will be very disappointed.38After granting the committee authority, the president allowed it to fulfillits charge. Simmonss distancing stance defused poten
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
Adding Time Picker Control to Parent Page Copy the User Control Directory to the Web Project. Edit the Inherits line in the aspx page of the User Control to point to your projects root namespace. This is usually the name of your VB.NET project. Compile
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
#include <iostream.h>#include <math.h>void main ()cfw_int a, b;cout < "Type a number : ";cin > a;cout < endl;trycfw_if (a > 100) throw 100;if (a < 10) throw 10;throw a / 3;catch (int result)cfw_cout < "Result is : " < result < endl;b = re
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
#include <iostream.h>double test (double a, double b)cfw_return a + b;int test (int a, int b)cfw_return a - b;void main ()cfw_double m = 5, n = 3;int k = 5, p = 3;cout < test(m, n) < " , " < test(k, p) < endl;
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
c. The accounting breakeven is:QA=(FC +D)/(Pv)QA= [$225,000 + ($720,000/4)]/($21,000 15,000)QA= 68At the accounting breakeven, the DOL is:DOL = 1 + FC/OCFDOL = 1 + ($225,000/$180,000) = 2.25For each 1% increase in unit sales, OCF will increa
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
These issues spill over into debates about universal versus particularstandards of justice. The non-Aboriginal vision of justice as sameness is basedon several universal principles, such as equality, fairness, and utility. But theparticularity of First
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
d) Temporal Symbolic ViolenceA final form of symbolic violence evident in the process of treaty-makingoccurs with regard to the temporal objectives of treaties: Are the negotiatingparties seeking to repair the past or to improve the future? Few involve
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
The pro forma income statement will be:Sales $19,055,000Variable costs 10,464,000Costs 8,250,000Depreciation 2,600,000EBT 2,259,000Taxes 903,600 *assumes a tax creditNet income $1,355,400Using the bottom up OCF calculation, we get:OCF = NI + Depr
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
#include <iostream.h>struct vectorcfw_double x;double y;;ostream& operator < (ostream& o, vector a)cfw_o < "(" < a.x < ", " < a.y < ")";return o;void main ()cfw_vector a;a.x = 35;a.y = 23;cout < a < endl;The keywords new and delete can b
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
The claim that the Apology provides an accurate portrait of the thought ofSocrates is usually made on the grounds that it represents more or less whatSocrates said in court, and that Socrates spoke openly and honestly abouthimself in this context.3 It
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
As I will try to show, this information, little thoughit may be, is of great value in assessing the character of the work, and evenenables us to draw some conclusions about the historical Socrates.6Progress can be made if we can identify accurately the
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
b. We would abandon the project if the cash flow from selling the equipment is greater than thepresent value of the future cash flows. We need to find the sale quantity where the two areequal, so:$1,400,000 = ($60)Q(PVIFA16%,9)Q = $1,400,000/[$60(4.60
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
I was accused, is sometimes translated lofty-speaking rather than arrogantspeech, but in this context arrogance is clearly the issue. There is no reasonwhy lofty-speaking in itself should seem foolish, or should be the cause ofSocrates death, unless it
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
Contemporary Polemic in the Guise of Historical FictionThe chief evidence for this view of the Apology is found in the detailed interpretationof the text that I present below. This interpretation aims to be simpleand consistent, and to explain virtuall
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
It might seem self-defeating or counter-productive to use an historical fictionas a vehicle for addressing a contemporary debate about an historicalevent. By admitting that the scenario he presents is a false one, does not theauthor relinquish any hope
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
A method is allowed to change the variables of the instance it is acting upon :#include <iostream.h>class vectorcfw_public:double x;double y;vector its_oposite()cfw_vector r;r.x = -x;r.y = -y;return r;void be_oposited()cfw_x = -x;y = -y;
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
vector operator * (double a)cfw_vector r;r.x = x * a;r.y = y * a;return r;;void main (void)cfw_vector a, b;a.x = 3;b.y = 5;b = a.its_oposite();cout < "Vector a : " < a.x < ", " < a.y < endl;cout < "Vector b : " < b.x < ", " < b.y < endl;b.
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
hard to believe that Plato created a fictitiously arrogant Socrates who wassubsequently adopted by all the sources Xenophon read. And anyway, why wouldPlato invent this trait, which was destined, according to Xenophon, to bringSocrates into disgrace? A
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
Socrates explains why he is unwilling to beg (34b35b). He says that he is notbeing arrogant or disrespectful (34d ok ayadizmenow, OE ndrew Ayhnaoi, od mw timzvn). He is responding to the post-trial charges. Heexplains that it would not contribute to th
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
If we look more carefully into the difficulties surrounding the story of theOracle we will find additional confirmation of the role I have attributed toPlato in modifying Socrates words. There are many reasons to doubt the historicityof the Platonic ve
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
Govers apology was offi cial as to the BIA itself, but did not presumeto speak on behalf of the federal government. Nevertheless theevent was as controversial as it was historic. Sadly, it was also as ephemeralas it was memorable. Although widely repor
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
with bit56 being bit 4 of the original key.)Permuted Choice 1 (PC-1)57 49 41 33 25 17 91 58 50 42 34 26 1810 2 59 51 43 35 2719 11 3 60 52 44 3663 55 47 39 31 23 157 62 54 46 38 30 2214 6 61 53 45 37 2921 13 5 28 20 12 41.2.2 Split the permuted
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
1.2.3.3 Loop back to 1.2.3.1 until K[16] has been calculated.2 Process a 64-bit data block.2.1 Get a 64-bit data block. If the block is shorter than 64 bits, it should be padded as appropriate for the application.2.2 Perform the following permutation o
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
Yes, sir, you damn well do. You want to explain yourself?I tried to tell you before. The voice was rigid, mechanical. Im a physicist. I run a research facility.Weve had a murder. You saw the body.How did you find me? Langdon could barely focus. His min
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
'Vernon Gregory Little?' The lady offers me a barbecued rib. She offers half-heartedly, though, and frankly you'd feel sorry to even take the thing when you see the way her chins vibrate over it.She returns my rib to the box, and picks another for hersel
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
I shuffle up the hall to my pre-stained chair. 'Mister Little,' says Gurie, 'I'm going to start over - that means loosen up some facts, young man. Sheriff Porkorney has firm notions about Tuesday, you should be thankful you only have to talk to me.' She g
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
I know where this is fucken headed. Typical of where I live that nobody will come right out and say it. I try to muster some control. 'Sir, I ain't gay, if that's what you mean. We were friends since childhood, I didn't know how he'd turn out 'A no-brand
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
Outside, a jungle of clouds has grown over the sun. They kindle the whiff of damp dog that always blows around here before a storm, burping lightning without a sound. Fate clouds. They mean get the fuck out of town, go visit Nana or something, until thing
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
S[4]7 13 14 3 0 6 9 10 1 2 8 5 11 12 4 1513 8 11 5 6 15 0 3 4 7 2 12 1 10 14 910 6 9 0 12 11 7 13 15 1 3 14 5 2 8 43 15 0 6 10 1 13 8 9 4 5 11 12 7 2 14S[5]2 12 4 1 7 10 11 6 8 5 3 15 13 0 14 914 11 2 12 4 7 13 1 5 0 15 10 3 9 8 64 2 1 11 10 13 7
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
This has been a description of how to use the DES algorithm to encrypt one 64-bit block. To decrypt, use the same process, but just use the keys K[i] in reverse order. That is, instead of applying K[1] for the firstiteration, apply K[16], and then K[15]
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
16,7,27,20,13,2,41,52,31,37,47,55,30,40,51,45,33,48,44,49,39,56,34,53,46,42,50,36,29,32;static int nls[17] = cfw_0,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,1;static int cd[56],keyb[64];static int cnt,n=0;register int i,j;for(i=0;i<8;i+) /*Read in key*/for
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
register int i,j;static int n,row,col,scnt;static int p[32]=cfw_16,7,20,21,29,12,28,17,1,15,23,26,5,18,31,10,2,8,24,14,32,27,3,9,19,13,30,6,22,11,4,25;static int e[48] = cfw_32,1,2,3,4,5,4,5,6,7,8,9,8,9,10,11,12,13,12,13,14,15,16,17,16,17,18,19,
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
Superb. Do you have what I asked for?The killers eyes glistened, black like oil. He produced a heavy electronic device and set it on the table.The man in the shadows seemed pleased. You have done well.Serving the brotherhood is an honor, the killer sai
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
Langdons aversion to closed spaces was by no means debilitating, but it had always frustrated him. Itmanifested itself in subtle ways. He avoided enclosed sports like racquetball or squash, and he had gladlypaid a small fortune for his airy, high-ceilin
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
The next day, newspapers around the globe carried the same headline. The killer became a believer.Now, fifteen days later, the killers faith had solidified beyond the shadow of a doubt. The brotherhoodendures, he thought. Tonight they will surface to re
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
Langdon searched in vain for a seat belt. Why not make it three and get us therealive?The car raced on.Do you like Reba? the pilot asked, jamming a cassette into the tape deck.A woman started singing. Its just the fear of being alone . . . No fear he
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
Look at all the girls crying by the school.Galveston, oh Galveston Another luxury wagon parks up ahead, with even more flowers, even more girls. Itmaneuvers slowly around the stains on the road. Strangers with cameras move back tofit it all in.I stil
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
static int invp[64]=cfw_40, 8,48,16,56,24,64,32,39, 7,47,15,55,23,63,31,38, 6,46,14,54,22,62,30,37, 5,45,13,53,21,61,29,36, 4,44,12,52,20,60,28,35, 3,43,11,51,19,59,27,34, 2,42,10,50,18,58,26,33, 1,41, 9,49,17,57,25;void des_encrypt(unsigned char *in
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
static int cnt,rtemp,n;register int i,j;for(i=n=0;i<8;i+)for(j=0;j<8;j+) inputb[n+]=(input[i]>j&0x01);for(i=0;i<64;i+)cfw_ /*Initial Permutation*/lr[i]=inputb[p[i]-1];if(i<32) l[i]=lr[i];else r[i-32]=lr[i];for(cnt=16;cnt>0;cnt-)cfw_ /*Main decryp
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras - MBA IT - DOM1
static int invp[64]=cfw_40, 8,48,16,56,24,64,32,39, 7,47,15,55,23,63,31,38, 6,46,14,54,22,62,30,37, 5,45,13,53,21,61,29,36, 4,44,12,52,20,60,28,35, 3,43,11,51,19,59,27,34, 2,42,10,50,18,58,26,33, 1,41, 9,49,17,57,25;2];Professor Robert Langdon had s