7e Biology, (Campbell)
Chapter 30: Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants
Chapter Questions
1) The sporophytes of mosses depend on the gametophytes for water and nutrition. In seed plants, the
reverse is true. From which seed plant sporophyte structure(s) do the immature (unfertilized) gametophytes
directly gain water and nutrition?
A) sporophylls
B) embryos
C) sporangia
D) sporopollenin
E) ovary
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 30.1
Skill: Comprehension
2) Which of the following is not true concerning the sporophyte or gametophyte generations of flowering
plants?
A) The flower is composed of gametophyte tissue only.
B) The sporophyte generation is dominant.
C) The sporophyte generation is what we see when looking at a large plant.
D) The gametophyte generation is not photosynthetic.
E) The gametophyte generation consists of relatively few cells within the flower.
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 30.1
Skill: Comprehension
3) Which of the following is an ongoing trend in the evolution of land plants?
A) decrease in the size of the leaf
B) reduction of the gametophyte phase of the life cycle
C) elimination of sperm cells or sperm nuclei
D) increasing reliance on water to bring sperm and egg together
E) replacement of roots by rhizoids
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 30.1
Skill: Comprehension
4) All of the following cellular structures are found in cells of angiosperm and gymnosperm gametophytes
except
A) haploid nuclei.
B) mitochondria.
C) cell walls.
D) chloroplasts.
E) peroxisomes.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 30.1
Skill: Application
1
5) Plants with a dominant sporophyte are successful on land partly because
A) having no stomata, they lose less water.
B) they all disperse by means of seeds.
C) diploid plants experience fewer mutations than do haploid plants.
D) their gametophytes are protected by, and obtain nutrition from, the sporophytes.
E) eggs and sperm need not be produced.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 30.1
Skill: Knowledge
6) Seeds commonly provide for each of the following except
A) a choice of germination location.
B) dispersal.
C) dormancy.
D) a nutrient supply for the embryo.
E) desiccation resistance.
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 30.1
Skill: Comprehension
7) In addition to seeds, which of the following characteristics are unique to the seed-producing plants?
A) a haploid gametophyte retained within tissues of the diploid sporophyte
B) lignin present in cell walls
C) pollen
D) A and C only
E) A, B, and C
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 30.1
Skill: Knowledge
8) Which of the following most closely represents the male gametophyte of seed-bearing plants?
A) ovule
B) microspore mother cell
C) pollen grain
D) embryo sac
E) fertilized egg
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 30.1
Skill: Knowledge
9) Suppose that the cells of seed plants, like the skin cells of humans, produce a pigment upon increased
exposure to UV radiation. Rank the cells below, from greatest to least, in terms of the likelihood of
producing this pigment.
1. cells of sporangium
2. cells in the interior of a subterranean root
3. epidermal cells of sporophyte megaphylls
4. cells of a gametophyte
A) 3, 4, 1, 2
B) 3, 4, 2, 1
C) 3, 1, 4, 2
D) 3, 2, 1, 4
E) 3, 1, 2, 4
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 30.1
Skill: Application
2
The following questions refer to the generalized life cycle for land plants shown in Figure 30.1. Each
number within a circle or square represents a specific plant or plant part, and each number over an arrow
represents either meiosis, mitosis, or fertilization.
Figure 30.1
10) Which number represents the mature gametophyte?
A) 1
B) 3
C) 5
D) 7
E) 11
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 30.1
Skill: Comprehension
11) Which number represents an embryo?
A) 1
B) 3
C) 7
D) 9
E) 11
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 30.1
Skill: Comprehension
12) Meiosis is most likely to be represented by which number(s)?
A) 2
B) 4
C) 2 and 8
D) 4 and 8
E) 10 and 12
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 30.1
Skill: Comprehension
3
13) Which number represents a megaspore mother cell?
A) 1
B) 3
C) 5
D) 7
E) 11
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 30.1
Skill: Comprehension
14) Which numbers represent haploid cells or tissues?
A) 1, 3, and 5
B) 7, 9, and 11
C) 1, 3, and 11
D) 1, 5, and 7
E) 5, 7, and 9
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 30.1
Skill: Knowledge
15) The process labeled "6" involves
A) nuclear fission.
B) mitosis.
C) meiosis.
D) fertilization.
E) binary fission.
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 30.1
Skill: Comprehension
16) The embryo sac of an angiosperm flower is best represented by which number?
A) 1
B) 3
C) 7
D) 9
E) 11
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 30.3
Skill: Comprehension
17) In angiosperms, which number represents the event that initiates the formation of endosperm?
A) 4
B) 6
C) 8
D) 10
E) 12
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 30.3
Skill: Comprehension
4
18) In seed plants, which structure or material is considered part of a pollen grain?
A) sporophyll
B) male gametophyte
C) sporopollenin
D) stigma
E) both B and C
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 30.1
Skill: Comprehension
19) In terms of alternation of generations, the pollen grains of seed-producing plants are most similar to a
A) moss sporophyte.
B) moss gametophyte bearing both male and female gametangia.
C) fern sporophyte.
D) hermaphroditic fern gametophyte.
E) fern gametophyte that will bear only antheridia.
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 30.1
Skill: Comprehension
20) Which of these is most important in making the typical seed more resistant to adverse conditions than
the typical spore?
A) a different type of sporopollenin
B) an internal reservoir of liquid water
C) integument(s)
D) ability to be dispersed
E) waxy cuticle
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 30.1
Skill: Comprehension
21) Gymnosperms differ from both extinct and extant ferns because they
A) are woody.
B) have macrophylls.
C) have pollen.
D) have sporophylls.
E) have spores.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 30.2
Skill: Knowledge
22) The main way that pine trees disperse their offspring is by using
A) fruits that are eaten by animals.
B) spores.
C) squirrels to bury cones.
D) windblown seeds.
E) flagellated sperm swimming through water.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 30.2
Skill: Knowledge
5
23) Generally, wind pollination is most likely to be found in seed plants that grow
A) close to the ground.
B) in dense, single-species stands.
C) in relative isolation from other members of the same species.
D) along coastlines where prevailing winds blow from the land out to sea.
E) in well-drained soils.
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 30.2
Skill: Application
24) Which of the following statements does not describe a portion of the pine life cycle?
A) Female gametophytes use meiosis to produce eggs.
B) Seeds are produced in ovulate (ovule-bearing) cones.
C) Meiosis occurs in sporangia.
D) Pollen grains contain male gametophytes.
E) A pollen tube enters an ovule through a micropyle in the single integument.
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 30.2
Skill: Comprehension
25) Which of the following statement is not generally true of the pine life cycle?
A) Cones are short stems with spore-bearing, leaflike structures.
B) The pine tree is a sporophyte.
C) Male and female gametophytes are in close proximity during fertilization.
D) Pollen grains are very different from pine male gametophytes.
E) Double fertilization is a relatively rare phenomenon.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 30.2
Skill: Comprehension
26) Within a gymnosperm megasporangium, what is the correct sequence in which the following should
appear during development, assuming that fertilization occurs?
1. sporophyte embryo
2. female gametophyte
3. egg cell
4. megaspore
A) 4, 3, 2, 1
B) 4, 2, 3, 1
C) 4, 1, 2, 3
D) 1, 4, 3, 2
E) 1, 4, 2, 3
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 30.2
Skill: Comprehension
6
27) Arrange the following structures, which can be found on male pine trees, from the largest structure to
the smallest structure (or from most inclusive to least inclusive).
1. sporophyte
2. microspores
3. microsporangia
4. pollen cone
5. pollen nuclei
A) 1, 4, 3, 2, 5
B) 1, 4, 2, 3, 5
C) 1, 2, 3, 5, 4
D) 4, 1, 2, 3, 5
E) 4, 3, 2, 5, 1
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 30.2
Skill: Comprehension
28) Which of the following statements is false?
A) A female pine cone is a short stem with spore-bearing appendages.
B) A male pine cone is a short stem with spore-bearing appendages.
C) A flower is a short stem with spore-bearing appendages.
D) A strobilus is a short stem with spore-bearing appendages.
E) A mature fruit is a short stem with spore-bearing appendages.
Answer: E
Topic: Concepts 30.2, 30.3
Skill: Comprehension
29) Before pollination occurs, what does an individual flower potentially have that an individual pine cone
does not have?
A) sporophylls
B) both male and female gametophytes
C) sporangia
D) structures for dispersing seed or pollen grains
E) spore mother cells
Answer: B
Topic: Concepts 30.2, 30.3
Skill: Comprehension
30) Which trait(s) is (are) shared by modern gymnosperms and angiosperms?
1. pollen transported by wind
2. tracheids
3. microscopic gametophytes
4. sterile sporophylls, modified to attract pollinators
5. endosperm
A) 1
B) 1 and 3
C) 1, 2, and 3
D) 1, 3, and 5
E) 2, 4, and 5
Answer: C
Topic: Concepts 30.2, 30.3
Skill: Comprehension
7
31) Which structure is common to both gymnosperms and angiosperms?
A) male strobilus
B) carpel
C) ovule
D) ovary
E) anthers
Answer: C
Topic: Concepts 30.2, 30.3
Skill: Knowledge
32) A botanist discovers a new species of land plant with a dominant sporophyte, chlorophylls a and b, and
a cell wall made of cellulose. In assigning this plant to a phylum, all of the following would provide useful
information except whether or not the plant has
A) endosperm.
B) seeds.
C) flagellated sperm.
D) flowers.
E) spores.
Answer: E
Topic: Concepts 30.2, 30.3
Skill: Application
33) What is true of stamens, sepals, petals, and pine cone scales?
A) They are female reproductive parts.
B) None are capable of photosynthesis.
C) They are modified leaves.
D) They are found on flowers.
E) They are found on angiosperms.
Answer: C
Topic: Concepts 30.2, 30.3
Skill: Comprehension
34) Reptilian embryos are protected from desiccation by a leathery shell. Similarly, sporophytes of both
gymnosperms and angiosperms protect embryos within ________, and they also protect male gametophytes
against desiccation using ________.
A) ovules; waxy cuticle
B) ovaries; filaments
C) fruits; stamens
D) pollen grains; waxy cuticle
E) integuments; sporopollenin
Answer: E
Topic: Concepts 30.2, 30.3
Skill: Comprehension
8
For the following questions, match the various structures of seed plants with the proper sex and generation
(A-D) that most directly produces them.
A.
B.
C.
D.
male gametophyte
female gametophyte
male sporophyte
female sporophyte
35) scale of ovulate (ovule-bearing) pine cone
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 30.2
Skill: Comprehension
36) integument of pine nut
Answer: D
Topic: Concepts 30.2, 30.3
Skill: Comprehension
37) egg cell in the embryo sac
Answer: B
Topic: Concepts 30.2, 30.3
Skill: Comprehension
38) fruit
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 30.3
Skill: Comprehension
39) pollen tube
Answer: A
Topic: Concepts 30.2, 30.3
Skill: Comprehension
40) Which of these would have been the most likely dietary staple for a 20-foot-tall, bipedal, herbivorous
dinosaur of about 100 million years ago?
A) moss gametophytes (Bryophyta)
B) corn plants (Zea maize)
C) cycads (Cycadophyta)
D) giant club mosses (Lycophyta)
E) watermelons (Anthophyta)
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 30.3
Skill: Application
41) All of the following are characteristic of angiosperms except
A) coevolution with animal pollinators.
B) double internal fertilization.
C) free-living gametophytes.
D) styles and stigmas.
E) fruit.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 30.3
Skill: Knowledge
9
42) All of the following are sporophyte structures except
A) immature ovules.
B) pollen tubes.
C) ovaries.
D) stamens.
E) sepals.
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 30.3
Skill: Knowledge
43) Which of the following statements is not true of monocots?
A) They are currently thought to be polyphyletic.
B) The veins of their leaves are parallel to each other.
C) They, along with the and eudicots basal angiosperms, are currently placed in the phylum Anthophyta.
D) They possess a single cotyledon.
E) All of the statements are true.
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 30.3
Skill: Knowledge
44) Carpels and stamens are
A) sporophyte plants in their own right.
B) gametophyte plants in their own right.
C) gametes.
D) spores.
E) modified sporophylls.
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 30.3
Skill: Comprehension
45) All of the following statements are true of angiosperm carpels except that they
A) are features of the sporophyte generation.
B) consist of stigma, style, and ovary.
C) are structures that directly produce female gametes.
D) surround and nourish the female gametophyte.
E) consist of highly modified sporophylls.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 30.3
Skill: Comprehension
46) A hypothetical angiosperm opens its flowers only at night. The flowers are brown and emit a putrid
odor. The pollinator is most likely to be which organism?
A) nectar-eating hummingbird
B) nectar-eating bee
C) pollen-eating moth
D) fruit-eating bat
E) detritivorous (scavenging) animal
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 30.3
Skill: Application
10
47) How have fruits contributed to the success of angiosperms?
A) by nourishing the plants that make them
B) by facilitating dispersal of seeds
C) by attracting insects to the pollen inside
D) by producing sperm and eggs inside a protective coat
E) by producing triploid cells via double fertilization
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 30.3
Skill: Comprehension
48) In flowering plants, meiosis occurs specifically in the
A) spore mother cells.
B) gametophytes.
C) endosperm.
D) gametes.
E) embryos.
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 30.3
Skill: Comprehension
49) Arrange the following structures from largest to smallest, assuming that they belong to two generations
of the same angiosperm.
1. ovary
2. ovule
3. egg
4. carpel
5. embryo sac
A) 4, 2, 1, 5, 3
B) 4, 5, 2, 1, 3
C) 5, 4, 3, 1, 2
D) 5, 1, 4, 2, 3
E) 4, 1, 2, 5, 3
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 30.3
Skill: Comprehension
50) Which structure(s) must pass through the micropyle for successful fertilization to occur in
angiosperms?
A) one sperm nucleus
B) two sperm nuclei
C) the pollen tube
D) both A and C
E) both B and C
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 30.3
Skill: Comprehension
11
In onions (Allium), cells of the sporophyte have 16 chromosomes within each nucleus. Match the number
of chromosomes present in each of the onion tissues listed below.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
4
8
16
24
32
51) How many chromosomes should be in a tube cell nucleus?
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 30.3
Skill: Application
52) How many chromosomes should be in an endosperm nucleus?
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 30.3
Skill: Application
53) How many chromosomes should be in a generative cell nucleus?
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 30.3
Skill: Application
54) How many chromosomes should be in an embryo sac nucleus?
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 30.3
Skill: Application
55) How many chromosomes should be in an embryo nucleus?
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 30.3
Skill: Application
56) Double fertilization means that angiosperms
A) are the only plants that can produce dizygotic twins.
B) have embryos that are triploid.
C) have two sperm nuclei, both of which unite with nuclei of the female gametophyte.
D) have two sperm nuclei, which simultaneously fertilize the single egg.
E) produce twice as many embryos per fertilization event as do gymnosperms.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 30.3
Skill: Comprehension
57) Hypothetically, one of the major benefits of double fertilization in angiosperms is to
A) decrease the potential for mutation by insulating the embryo with other cells.
B) increase the number of fertilization events and offspring produced.
C) promote diversity in flower shape and color.
D) coordinate developmental timing between the embryo and its food stores.
E) emphasize embryonic survival by increasing embryo size.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 30.3
Skill: Knowledge
12
58) Which of the following flower parts develops into a seed?
A) ovule
B) ovary
C) fruit
D) style
E) stamen
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 30.3
Skill: Knowledge
59) Which of the following flower parts develops into a fruit?
A) stigma
B) style
C) ovule
D) ovary
E) receptacle
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 30.3
Skill: Knowledge
60) All of the following are found in angiosperms except
A) tracheids.
B) triploid endosperm tissues.
C) fruits.
D) flagellated sperm.
E) carpels.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 30.3
Skill: Comprehension
61) Angiosperms are the most successful terrestrial plants. This success is due to all of the following
except
A) animal pollination.
B) reduced gametophytes.
C) fruits enclosing seeds.
D) highly efficient xylem.
E) sperm cells with flagella.
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 30.3
Skill: Comprehension
62) A plant whose reproductive parts produce nectar should be expected to
A) have brightly colored reproductive parts.
B) produce sweet-tasting fruit.
C) rely on wind pollination.
D) have no parts that can perform photosynthesis.
E) suffer significant seed loss to sugar-seeking insects.
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 30.3
Skill: Comprehension
13
63) If the "mostly male" hypothesis for the origin of flowers is correct, then the development of which
gymnosperm structure below should be controlled by genes most similar to those that control the
development of bisexual flowers?
A) microsporangium
B) megasporangium
C) ovule
D) scale of ovulate (ovule-bearing) pine cone
E) embryo
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 30.3
Skill: Application
64) Many mammals have skins and mucous membranes that are sensitive to phenolic secretions of plants
like poison oak (Rhus). These secondary compounds are probably an adaptation that
A) promotes grazing.
B) favors pollination.
C) fosters seed dispersal.
D) decreases competition.
E) inhibits herbivory.
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 30.3
Skill: Comprehension
65) Which feature of honeybees probably arose under the mutual evolutionary influence of flowering
plants that are not wind pollinated?
A) possessing three pairs of legs
B) possessing a metabolism whose rate is influenced by environmental temperature
C) possessing an exoskeleton made of chitin
D) possessing an abdomen that is densely covered with short bristles
E) possessing an ovipositor modified as a non-reusable stinger
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 30.3
Skill: Comprehension
66) The fruit of the mistletoe, a parasitic angiosperm, is a one-seeded berry. In members of the genus
Viscum, the outside of the seed is viscous (sticky), which permits the seed to adhere to surfaces, such as the
branches of host plants or the beaks of birds. What should be expected of the pericarp if the viscosity of
Viscum seeds is primarily an adaptation for dispersal rather than an adaptation for infecting host plant
tissues?
A) It should be drab in color.
B) It should be colored so as to provide it with camouflage.
C) It should be nutritious.
D) It should secrete enzymes that can digest bark.
E) It should contain chemicals that cause birds to fly to the ground and vomit.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 30.3
Skill: Application
14
For the following questions, match the adaptations of the various fruits below with the most likely means
used by the fruit to disperse the seeds contained within the fruit (A-E).
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
animal skin, fur, or feathers
animal digestive tract
water currents
gravity and terrain
air currents
67) The fruit is made of material high in calories.
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 30.3
Skill: Application
68) The fruit is covered with spines or hooks.
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 30.3
Skill: Application
69) The fruit contains an air bubble.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 30.3
Skill: Application
70) The fruit has a heavy weight and spheroidal shape.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 30.3
Skill: Application
71) The fruit has light, fibrous plumes or puffs.
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 30.3
Skill: Application
72) Over human history, which process has been most important in improving the features of plants that
have long been used by humans as staple foods?
A) genetic engineering
B) artificial selection
C) natural selection
D) sexual selection
E) pesticide and herbicide application
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 30.4
Skill: Knowledge
73) What is the greatest threat to plant diversity?
A) insects
B) grazing and browsing by animals
C) pathogenic fungi
D) competition with other plants
E) human population growth
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 30.4
Skill: Knowledge
15
74) Which of the following is not a valid argument for preserving tropical forests?
A) People in the tropics do not need to increase agricultural output.
B) Many organisms are becoming extinct.
C) Plants that are possible sources of medicines are being lost.
D) Plants that could be developed into new crops are being lost.
E) Clearing land for agriculture results in soil destruction.
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 30.4
Skill: Knowledge
75) Assume that a botanist was visiting a tropical region for the purpose of discovering plants with
medicinal properties. All of the following might be ways of identifying potentially useful plants except
A) observing which plants sick animals seek out.
B) observing which plants are the most used food plants.
C) observing which plants animals do not eat.
D) collecting plants and subjecting them to chemical analysis.
E) asking local people which plants they use as medicine.
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 30.4
Skill: Application
Media Activity Questions
76) In pines, an embryo is a(n) ________.
A) seed
B) immature sporophyte
C) food reserve for the immature sporophyte
D) immature male gametophyte
E) immature female gametophyte
Answer: A
Topic: Web/CD Activity: Pine Life Cycle
77) In pine trees, pollen grains get to the ovule via the
A) micropyle.
B) eggs.
C) megaspore.
D) pollen cone.
E) integument.
Answer: A
Topic: Web/CD Activity: Pine Life Cycle
78) In pine trees, microsporangia form ________ microspores by ________.
A) triploid; fertilization
B) diploid; mitosis
C) diploid; meiosis
D) haploid; mitosis
E) haploid; meiosis
Answer: E
Topic: Web/CD Activity: Pine Life Cycle
16
79) In flowering plants the integuments of the ovule develop into a(n)
A) endosperm.
B) cotyledon.
C) fruit.
D) sporophyte.
E) seed coat.
Answer: B
Topic: Web/CD Activity: Angiosperm Life Cycle
80) A stamen consists of a(n)
A) anther and filament.
B) stigma and style.
C) stigma and anther.
D) stigma and filament.
E) ovary and sepal.
Answer: A
Topic: Web/CD Activity: Angiosperm Life Cycle
Self-Quiz Questions
81) Where in an angiosperm would you find a megasporangium?
A) in the style of a flower
B) producing a megaspore within the archegonium of the female gametophyte
C) enclosed in the stigma of a flower
D) within an ovule contained within an ovary of a flower
E) packed into pollen sacs within the anthers found on a stamen
Answer: D
82) A fruit is most commonly
A) a mature ovary.
B) a thickened style.
C) an enlarged ovule.
D) a modified root.
E) a mature female gametophyte.
Answer: A
83) With respect to angiosperms, which of the following is incorrectly paired with its chromosome count?
A) egg cell-n
B) megaspore-2n
C) microspore-n
D) zygote-2n
E) sperm-n
Answer: B
84) Which of the following is not a characteristic that distinguishes gymnosperms and angiosperms from
other plants?
A) alternation of generations
B) ovules
C) integuments
D) pollen
E) dependent gametophytes
Answer: A
17
85) Which of the following traits is not shared by most angiosperms?
A) two cotyledons
B) vessel elements
C) taproot
D) pollen grain with three openings
E) parallel leaf venation
Answer: E
86) Gymnosperms and angiosperms have the following in common except
A) seeds.
B) pollen.
C) vascular tissue.
D) ovaries.
E) ovules.
Answer: D
In the following diagram, match the derived characters with the correct branch points.
87) label 7
A) flowers
B) embryos
C) seeds
D) vascular tissues
Answer: B
88) label 8
A) flowers
B) embryos
C) seeds
D) vascular tissues
Answer: D
89) label 9
A) flowers
B) embryos
C) seeds
D) vascular tissues
Answer: C
90) label 10
A) flowers
B) embryos
C) seeds
D) vascular tissues
Answer: A
18