Jane 1. is a 49 year-old woman of Irish-German descent. What do these characteristics have in
common? They are ascribed statuses
2. Signs that identify a position in society someone occupies are referred to as status symbols.
3. A position in society that someone holds that cuts across other statuses they hold, such as being a
high ranking Army officer, college president, or handicapped would be considered their master
status.
4. The difference between status and role is that you occupy a status and play a role.
5. Which of the following is not one of the five functional requisites that every society must fulfill
to survive? maintain tradition gender relations
6. According to Durkheim, when a society increases in size, its division of labor becomes more
specialized. People begin to depend on one another and become interdependent. This form of
social cohesion he termed organic solidarity.
7. An approach to social interaction in which social life is analyzed in terms of the stage is called
dramaturgy.
8. If people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences. This classic statement is
known as the Thomas Theorem.
9. Ferdinand Tonnies' term for the type of society he referred to as "the intimate community" was
Gemeinschaft. The term he used to describe the type of society characterized by "impersonal
association" was Gesellschaft.
10. In Professor Jones' social problems course the students interact freely with one another, think of
themselves as "Dr. J's class," and feel they are significant because of their mutual interest in
social reform. In view of this which concept best describes Dr. Jones' class? Group
11. The "dawn of civilization" is most associated with which social revolution? Agricultural
12. The microchip is to the post industrial society as the decoding of the human genome is to the
emerging biotech society.
13. What is the key feature of post-industrial societies as it relates to the work force? transmission
and use of info, service dominated work force
14. There are New York Yankee fans in every state in America, throughout Canada, and in nations
all over the world. Sociologically, which concept best describes these fans? category
15. A group characterized by intimate, long-term, face-to-face association and cooperation is
referred to as a primary group.
16. Kody is a member of the L.A. Crips. The other gangs in his territory are the Bloods and Satan's
Slaves. Kody feels very antagonistic towards the Bloods and the Slaves. For Kody, these two
rival gangs would be considered out groups.
17. Different situations require that different styles of leadership be used to meet the primary goals
of the group. Imagine a tour group that is lost in the desert. Which type of leadership would be
best for the tour guide to adopt? authotatian leader
18. Who conducted the classic experiment addressing the power of peer pressure that included six
"stooges" and one actual test subject viewing cards with lines of varying length? Asch
19. What did Stanley Milgram's "teacher-learner" experiment demonstrate? People will inflict pain
on others if ordered to do so by authority
20. How would an organization minimize group think from occurring? Giving free range to diverse
opinions
21. An approach to life in which there is an emphasis on rules, efficiency, and practical results is
_____.
22. What is the major emphasis of the traditional orientation to life?
23. In which two societies are people evaluated based on "the bottom line"?
24. The early theorist who proposed religious beliefs were the key to whether or not a society
embraced capitalism was Weber.
25. Samantha works in a place that is hierarchical, has a division labor, of written rules,
communications and records, and in which the administration treats workers impersonally.
Based on these characteristics, we can conclude that Samantha works in a[n] ________.
26. The experience of being cut off from the product of one's labor that results in a feeling of
powerlessness is called alienation.
27. The Boy Scouts, the Veterans of Foreign Wars, most civic organization, and all other
organizations that people join because of mutual interest are all examples of voluntary
associations.
28. The domination of organizations by a small, self-perpetuating elite is called iron law of
oligarchy.
29. It is believed by some sociologists that attempts to humanize the workplace are simply ways to
manipulate workers into cooperating in their own exploitation. This belief is most aligned with
the conflict perspective.
30. People work more effectively in small groups and work teams than in a centralized command
structure. What is the sociological explanation for this? small groups form primary
relationships, thereby reducing alienation
31. Violation of norms and rules that are written into law are officially called ________.
32. The concept of the relativity of deviance is best illustrated by which of the following
statements?
33. Ritualistic procedures intended to humiliate norm violators and mark them as being moral
outcasts of the group to which they once belonged are called ________.
34. The term degradation ceremony was coined by sociologist ________.
35. Based on differential association theory, what is the most likely background shared by juvenile
delinquents?
36. The significance of names or reputations given to people when they engage in certain types of
behavior is the focus of ________ theory.
37. The theory developed by Robert Merton is based on the idea that most people want to attain
cultural goals, but not everyone has the legitimate means of achieving them is ________ theory.
38. John desires the best things in life...a fast car, designer clothes, and membership in exclusive
clubs. But rather than work his way through the system, he has discovered he can have all these
things by selling crack cocaine in the inner city. How would Merton classify John?
39. Sociologists who view law as an instrument of oppression and used to control workers are
aligned most with which sociological perspective?
40 How would conflict theorists classify migrant workers, seasonal employees, and members of the
workforce who are subject to layoffs?
41. What are the three variables Max Weber identified as defining social class?
42. Based on the Marxist orientation of conflict sociologists, how many distinct social classes exist?
43. When used by sociologists, the term "wealth," refers to ________.
44. Ruth owns the Head 2 Toe Boutique where she employs 15 workers. According to Erik Wright's
model of social class, Ruth would be classified as a[n] ________.
45. What are the four variables Gilbert and Kahl used to develop a six-class model to reflect the
class structure of the United States and other capitalist countries?
46. What is the upward or downward movement in social class by family members from one
generation to the next?
47. Changes in society that cause large numbers of people to move up or down the class ladder
which causes one class to increase while others decrease is called ________ mobility.
48. What is the strongest variable in developing correlations to which social groups are in poverty?
49. The most likely segment of the population in the United States to experience poverty today are
____.
50. What region of the United States has the highest clustering of people in poverty?
SYG 2000: Introduction to Sociology Exam 2 Study Guide
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