Notes Ch.16 cDNA clone cloning vector DNA chip DNA cloning DNA fingerprint DNA library DNA sequencing electrophoresis gene therapy DNA synthesized from RNA by the enzyme reverse transcriptase. A genetically identical copy of DNA, a cell, or an organism. A DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA, be transferred to a host cell, and get replicated in it. Microscopic array of DNA fragments that collectively represent a genome; used to study gene expression. A set of procedures that uses living cells such as bacteria to make many identical copies of a DNA fragment. An individual's unique array of short tandem repeats. A collection of cells that hosts different fragments of foreign DNA, often representing an organism's entire genome. Method of determining the order of nucleotides in DNA. Technique of separating DNA fragments by size. The transfer of a normal or modified gene into an individual with the goal of treating a genetic disorder.
genetic engineering Process by which deliberate changes are introduced into an individual's chromosome(s). genetically An organism whose genome has been deliberately modified; e.g., a modified organism transgenic organism. (GMO) genome genomics An organism's complete set of genetic material. The study of genomes. The structural investigates branch the threedimensional structure of proteins encoded by a genome; comparative branch compares genomes of different species. Base-pairing between DNA or RNA from different sources. Polymerase chain reaction. Method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific DNA fragment. A small, circular DNA molecule in bacteria, replicated independently of the chromosome. Short, single strand of DNA designed to hybridize with a template; DNA polymerases initiate synthesis at primers during PCR or sequencing. Short fragment of DNA labeled with a tracer; designed to hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest.
nucleic acid hybridization PCR plasmid primer
probe
recombinant DNA A DNA molecule that contains genetic material from more than one
organism. restriction enzyme Type of enzyme that cuts specific base sequences in DNA. reverse transcriptase A viral enzyme that catalyzes the assembly of nucleotides into DNA, using RNA as a template.
short tandem repeat Stretch of DNA that consists of many copies of a short sequence; basis of DNA fingerprinting. transgenic xenotransplantatio n Refers to an organism that has been genetically engineered to carry a gene from a different species. Transplant of an organ from one species into another.