History Brief and Perspectives:
Psychology initially treated as philosophical
ie: Plato: We are slaves to our senses
Eventually applied to scientific methods
Three main pillars of psychology:
1. Freud & Psychoanalysis:
ie: Oedipus Complex (male fighting for affection of mother)
Electra Complex (same but for girls)
Freudian slip (saying something you didn't want to say, window into
unconsciousness)
Dealt with early childhood development/experience
Major focus on consciousness and unconsciousness
Role of unconsciousness:
Sexual motives
Aggresive
Conflict between things:
ie: primitive desires vs what is socially acceptable
Gives a negative view of people
2. Watson and Behaviorism:
ie: tests Pavlov's (dogs paired footsteps with getting fed, so drooled whenever
they heard footsteps)
against Freudism
Need to focus on things observable, overt behavior
Watson is founder
Skinner followed Watson
Relied on animal models
Laws of learning
3. Carl Rogers and Humanism:
Humanistic perspective
Against Freud
Thought Freud treated people to be negative
Humans are good, overall
Humans are not driven by one single motive
Maslow's Heirarchy of Needs
Humans are motivated by several things
Need basics ie: food, water, shelter
Once you achieve these basic things,
Self actualization
Humans are driven by what they want to do
Puts a more positive spin on humans