2 Exam
55 questions
15:13
"We create evil out of our highest ideals and most noble aspirations. We so need to be heroic, to be on the side of God, to eliminate evil, to clean up the world, to be victorious over death that we visit destruction and death on all who stand in the way of our heroic historical destiny. We scape goat and create absolute enemies not because we are intrinsically cruel but because focusing our anger on an outside target, striking at strangers, brings our tribe or nation together and allows us to be part of a close and loving ingroup. We create surplus evil out of a need to belong." About enemy making Shadow lecture "Because it is contrary to our chosen conscious attitude, the shadow personality is denied expression in life and develops into a relatively separate splinter personality in the unconscious, where it is isolated from exposure and discovery." Parts of ourself become a sort of Mr. Hyde We say and do things that are unexplainable If we don't own up to our shadow, it ends up owning us We can't control our actions when we don't control the darker parts of ourselves. The more we deny our shadow, the more autonomous it becomes. It starts to undermine us. "In our quest to identify with only our positive qualities, and to deny, repress, and distance ourselves from our shadow qualities we often project onto others what we don't to admit to in ourselves and put upon others what we deny in ourselves." Shadow lecture From depth psychology Theme: Projection of feelings We hate those people who represent the things that we hate about ourselves Perfectionist hates the slacker for their ability to relax when truthfully the perfectionist is jealous of the slacker and sees part of him in his own self.
"Human beings have need to "expand" their own life force and life meaning beyond themselves this need to be beyond one's immediate self is the heroic drive. The heroic drive may take the form of a cultural achievement like a high status career, a victory in a competition with others, leading (and following) other human beings, or an intense experience or peak moment had through art, religion, sex, or athletics." Eros (personal achievement) and agape (meaningful contribution); the drive for meaning Existentialism When I am confronted with another human being, the need for significance is still there; socialized through concept of face Face passively offered up so that others can confirm it through our interactions "In our social encounters, our inner sense of esteem is exposed to others socially as our sense of "face". Like esteem, face is not something one "owns", rather face resides in the stream of events between people. In every social encounter we "entrust" our self esteem to the other. Because, "Face is societies window to the core of the self", face rituals ensure the gentle handling of our "face" by others." Sacred event of public encounters "It is only when someone blunders, says something that embarrasses another or themselves, that we attend to these ritual behaviors of face maintenance. In the sense that everyone is caught up in a ritual order of cultural norms for behavior, the rules of negotiating face are grounded in the socio cultural norms of the speech community. Face then, is a pancultural aspect of human interaction that is enacted and negotiated by culture specific rules and norms." Public inattentance "Money is like sex. Some people believe that the more sexual experiences they have, with as many different people as possible, the more fulfilled they will be. But even great quantities of money and sex may not satisfy the craving. The problem lies in not having too much or too little, but in taking money literally, as a fetish rather than as a medium." T. Moore Depth Psychology People project something onto money; their own selfworth or their ability to not worry Know about the $1/$20 experiment Cognitive Dissonance
Boring thing; sorting spools Asked to tell the group of people that it was fun; some ppl given $20 for lie, others only given $1 People given $20 said they told the lie for the money People who were given $1 said they told the lie because the task was actually fun; they justified it for themselves Example of Minimal Justification Hypothesis reward Minimal leads people to believe that the task was worth doing in and of itself Minimal Justification Hypothesis Idea that if I want to get someone to do something, I shouldn't offer them some lavish reward. Don't promise people rewards, get someone to do something because they want to, not so that hey will receive rewards. Then you get public compliance and private agreement. Cognitive Dissonance (4 questions) Distressing mental state that occurs when you feel dissonance between one thing or person that you like and another that you don't 3 theories on cognitive dissonance Selective exposure prevents dissonance Postdecision dissonance creates the need for reassurance Minimal Justification Hypothesis Cultural aspect (Pacanowski) Thick description Looking at an organization as an outsider coming from another planet; descriptions from this point of view Organizational culture Culture of a company is worth studying; it is part of what makes up a company Not something that they have; it is something that they are. Affects how happy, productive, creative people are. Companies try to create and cultivate cultures that make people want to come to work and feel valued.
Stories that Pacanowski uses to understand the culture. Jazz Band/Peasant Village (his views) Asked people at Gore how they saw their own company (lattice structure) Dietz' Chart (TB) Information/Codetermination Codetermination/Consent We consent to the bureaucratic control through our actions and our inability to stand up or protest Information model how to people understand communication with common sense; what is common view Passing on information; reporting reality not making it Communication model you don't just report on reality, you create it You can create consent; people consenting to do things that don't serve them Managerialism what it is concerned with Control over workers over all other goals Participation vs. Involvement Participation views actually attended to Involvement you can be involved in sharing your opinions but they are not attended to (complaint box) Discursive Closure culture where certain people have no voice Janitors can't offer opinions to high executives on company's workings Semiotics (4 to 5 questions) Anything you use to tell a lie or the truth Any way that you create meaning through signs/language
Signifier/Signified/Sign Ideology taking something that is cultural and making it seem natural Verb form: reify Connotation/Denotation Denotation what it means Connotation what I mean Ex. Yellow ribbon Denotation description from original song; person made a mistake being forgiven and encouraged to come home Connotation Welcome Home Troops; Support the Troops and Let them Know That You are thinking about them and are welcome when they come home; Don't Argue With The War Basic makeup of a sign Signifier/Signified and how that works Signifier: DOG (the letters and the word) Signified: breathing, living animal that is a dog Mythic sign system how a sign goes from being cultural and historical to timeless and mythic; how it carries the ideology of a group when it carries a mythic sign Ex. Of yellow ribbon Gerbner's Cultivation Theory Heavy viewer vs. light viewer How heavy viewers see themselves politically and economically (mainstreaming) Level of violence in television (beginning of chapter) Agenda Setting 2 levels of agenda setting
Is it included in the newspaper; is it on the menu? How is it framed? how is it described for us to understand Example of news reporting in Texas on crime Even though crime was falling, people's concern was rising because of how it was presented on the news Crime could happen to you, it happened close by Both of those factors affected peoples' views on crime Index of Curiosity who are the people that will be most influenced by what is in the newspaper Whose agenda is influenced by what they read? What Should Work Be? Destiny what does it mean Bliss and sacrifice Bliss when your needs intersect with the needs of the world Projecting your shadow (T or F w/out a quote) Idea of integrity, service, enjoyment; what should work be? Redundant Constraint Mundane Heroism everybody wants to feel that sense of significance but not everyone can win Nobel Prize; just simply being the breadwinner for a family can make you a hero (mundane heroism) Signifier word, signified what it stands for
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15:13