Lab CIS121AB Assignment 2
Open a new word document. Change the default Style to No Spacing. You will be capturing screen shots of various commands and copying them to this document to verify completion of the exercises. Save the document using the following format: lastname2.doc. When you have completed all of the tasks, save the word document and email it to [e-mail] with CIS121AB in the subject line. You may refer to the book for commands and help with some of the steps. These are open book assignments. All commands or keystrokes are listed in bold. Task 1: Creating a simple batch file
A batch file is simply a small program that you can write to execute a string of commands. They can be as simple as executing a few commands, or extremely complex files that can automate routine tasks performed by network administrators. They are easy to create and edit with Notepad. If the CIS121AB directory from Assignment 1 does not still exist, create a new one. a. It's a good idea to keep all of your batch files in a single directory. Create a directory called Batch for your batch files in the CIS121AB directory. Execute a command to show this directory was created. Capture this screen to your document and label it Task 1a. b. Change to the new Batch directory c. At a command prompt type notepad test.bat. Notepad should open with a window asking if you want to create a new file. Click Yes. Enter the following commands: @echo off Echo Hello This is my first batch file Pause d. Save the notepad file. Close the notepad window. e. At the command prompt enter test and press Enter. Capture this screen and copy it your document and label it Task 1e. f. What is the purpose of the @echo off command? Provide an answer in your document and label it Task 1e. g. What is the purpose of the pause command? Provide an answer in your document and label it Task 1f. Close the command prompt window. Task 2: Modify the search Path a. Open a new command prompt window and enter test. What occurs and why? Provide an answer in your document and label it Task 2a. b. From your desktop, click Start, right-click Computer, and select Properties. Click Advanced system settings from the Control Panel Home section on the left and then select the Advanced Tab. Click Environment Variables. A window will open listing the Environment Variables. Under the list of User Variables, you may see your username or something like this: %USERPROFILE% What does this represent? Provide an answer in your document and label it Task 2b. Note: you will need to complete either Step c or Step d, not both.
c. If there is already an entry named PATH, select it and click Edit. At the beginning of the Variable value field, enter C:\Users\watson\CIS121AB\Batch; Make sure to add the semicolon at the end to separate this name from the others that are already there. (C:\Users\watson\ should be replaced with your home directory information) d. If there is NOT already an entry named PATH, click New and enter PATH as the Variable name. Enter C:\Users\watson\CIS121AB\Batch as the Variable Value (make sure to replace c:\Users\Watson\ with your home directory path). Click OK three times to close the dialog boxes, and close out the Computer Properties window. e. Close the command prompt window and open another one. Type path and press Enter. You should see a path to your Batch directory included in the PATH. Capture this screen and paste it in your document under Task 2e. f. From the command prompt window, enter cls to clear the screen of previous output. Enter test at the prompt. Did the batch file execute correctly this time? Capture this screen and paste it in your document, and label it Task 2f. g. What is the benefit of creating the Batch folder and modifying the PATH command? Provide an answer in your document and label it Task 2g. h. You can create a simple batch file to take you directly to your Batch directory from any prompt. Navigate to your Batch directory, and enter notepad bat.bat. Notepad will open. Select yes to create a new file. Enter the following command: pushd c:\users\watson\cis121ab\batch (replace c:\users\watson with your home directory) Save the notepad file and close the window. i. From the C:\ prompt, enter bat. It should take you directly to your Batch directory. Capture this screen and paste it in your document and label it Task 2i. Task 3: Using environmental variables and arguments in a batch file a. If you are not in your Batch directory, change to the CIS121AB\Batch directory. Enter notepad Test1.bat at the command prompt. Click Yes to create a new file. Enter the following commands and save the notepad file: echo Today is %date% echo The time is %time% echo My username is %username% b. Return to a command prompt and enter test1. Capture this screen and paste it in to your document and label it Task 3b. c. Why was each command in the test1 file entered on a separate line? Provide an answer in your document and label it Task 3c. Task 4: Using batch files for backup a. From the CIS121AB directory, create two new folders/directories. Name one Source and the other Backup. b. Create a notepad file called doc1.txt in the Source directory. Enter the following lines of text and save the file: Mary had a little lamb
It's fleece was white as snow c. Create a 2nd notepad file called doc2.txt in the Source directory. Enter the following lines of text and save the file: Mary, Mary, quite contrary How does your garden grow? d. Capture the directory structure for the CIS121AB directory and paste it in your document. Label it Task 4d. e. From the CIS121AB\Batch directory prompt, enter notepad Backup.bat. Enter the following commands and save the notepad file. (Replace c:\users\watson with your home directory information) @echo off xcopy c:\users\watson\CIS121AB\Source c:\users\watson\CIS121AB\Backup /m /e /y The xcopy command will copy the entire contents of the Source directory to the Backup directory the first time the batch file is run. The /m option controls the archive attribute. Explain how this is helpful when making backups. Provide an answer in your document and label it Task 4e. The /e option will copy directories and subdirectories, including empty ones. The /y option suppresses prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an existing file. If you want to have to confirm overwriting an existing destination file, use /-y. f. From a CIS121AB directory prompt, enter backup. You should see that two files were copied. Capture this screen and paste it in your document. Label it Task 4f. Check the Backup directory to verify the files were copied. g. The /m option for the command will cause the batch file to behave differently the next time the file is run. The second time, and all remaining times, it will only copy new files, and files which have changed since the last time it was run. Note: It will not copy unchanged files which were previously copied, even if you delete the file from the backup directory. h. Enter notepad doc1.txt from the Source directory and add the following lines. Save the changes. And everywhere that Mary went The lamb was sure to go. i. Create a new file called doc3.txt in the Source directory and save it. Enter the following lines of text: One fish, two fish Red fish, blue fish j. Return to the CIS121AB directory. Enter backup at the prompt. You should see that again two files were copied, but if you look closely, you will see that doc1.txt and doc3.txt were copied, not doc2.txt. Check the contents of the Backup directory to see if the doc3.txt file is there. Capture the screen and paste it in your document, and label it Task 4j. k. Your backup file can be modified and used to backup anything on your computer. For example, I could back up everything from my Documents folder on my hard drive to a Documents folder on my usb drive just by entering usb at a command prompt. If I use the /m option, it will only copy files that have changes. This can be a lot faster than using copy/paste in a GUI environment.
l. Create a batch file called usb that you could use to backup documents to an external hard drive or usb drive. Capture the notepad file and copy it to the document and label it Task 4l. Test your backup utility file. Did it work? Task 5: Using GUI shortcuts at a command prompt a. You have already seen that cmd can open some GUI programs directly when the programname is entered, such as notepad. The calculator can be opened simply be entering calc at a command prompt. Other programs such as Microsoft Word and Excel require the start command followed by the program name. What is the command to open an excel spreadsheet named Cisco Equipment? Provide an answer in your document and label it Task 5a. b. Entering control at a command prompt will open the Control Panel. You can then use the GUI to proceed with your task. Each applet in the Control Panel can also be opened directly from a command prompt. Open the network connections applet by entering control ncpa.cpl at a command prompt. How many connections are available on your computer? Provide an answer in your document and label it Task 5b. c. What command would you enter if you wanted to add a user to your computer? an Provide answer in your document and label it Task 5c. Task 6: Using General-Purpose Shell Programs at a command prompt a. The findstr command is used to find strings of characters in files and folders. Change to the CIS121AB\Source directory. Enter findstr Mary *.txt at a command prompt. This should find the word Mary in any of the files in the Source directory. Capture the output and paste it in your document and label it Task 6a. b. Enter the same command again, but change Mary to mary (lowercase): findstr mary *.txt Were any documents found with mary in them? Why not? How could you modify the findstr command so the documents will be found? Provide an answer in your document and label it Task 6b. c. findstr /s will search subdirectories for the specified character string. If you do not need to see the lines that contain the specified string, use the /m option. At a CIS121AB prompt, enter findstr /s /m Mary *.txt. Capture this output and paste it in your document and label it Task 6c. d. The tree command displays the structure of any directory. Enter tree /f at a CIS121AB command prompt. Capture the output and paste it in your document and label it Task 6d. What additional information is provided with the /f option? e. As you have seen, xcopy is a very useful command when creating backups. There are over 20 options that can be used with this command. We used the /m option in our backup batch file earlier. Explain how the /d option is similar, and how it can be used with a date. Provide an answer in your document and label it Task 6e. Task 7: Using File Management Tools a. The attrib command can be used to display and change the attributes of a file. Change to the CIS121AB\Source directory. Enter the following command: attrib doc1.txt. Are there any attributes associated with the doc1.txt file? Provide an answer in your document and label it Task 7a. b. If the doc1.txt file was a critical file, you would not want anyone else to be able to make changes to the document. Enter the following command to make doc1.txt a read only file:
attrib +r doc1.txt c. To verify the attributes were changed, enter attrib doc1.txt. To see the attributes of all of the doc files, enter attrib doc*.txt at the command prompt. Capture this output and paste it in your document and label it Task 7c. d. The cacls command is used to control user-level access to files and folders on NTFS partitions. As a network admin, you can control which users can have access to certain files and folders, and what they can do with those files delete, read, modify, execute, manage, etc. The more common term is permissions. Clear the screen of previous commands and output. Enter cacls doc1.txt at a CIS121AB\Source command prompt. Capture this output and paste it in your document and label it Task 7d. Do you have full permissions to this file? Since it is a private file that you created, you should see an F at the end of each line. e. If you moved the doc1.txt file to a public folder, what changes would need to be made to make it available to all users? Provide an answer in your document, and label it Task 7e. f. Checking permissions on a specific file is much easier using Windows Explorer. Open Windows explorer with a shortcut key press the windows key and then the E key on the keyboard. Navigate to the Source folder c: > Users > Watson > /cis121AB > Source. Right click on the doc1 file and select Properties. Select the Security tab. Capture this window and paste it in your document and label it Task 7f. Close the Properties dialog box and Windows Explorer. g. Since the GUI properties are easier to navigate, when would the cacls command be most useful? Provide an answer in your document and label it Task 7g. Task 8: Management Power Tools a. The driverquery command will list all of the drivers installed on a computer. Enter driverquery at a command prompt. You can see the list is quite extensive, and scrolls by quickly. To review the list, it might be easier to read it in a text file. What is the command to write the list to a file called drivers in the CIS121AB directory? Provide an answer in the document and label it Task 8a. b. The tasklist command displays a list of all processes currently running on the system. Enter tasklist at a command prompt. Is Microsoft Word listed as a Kernel, File System, Console or a Services session? What does this mean? Provide an answer in your document and label it Task 8b. c. What can be added to either the driverquery or tasklist commands to export the output to a spreadsheet? Provide an answer in your document and label Task 8c d. The taskkill command allows you to terminate a program from the command line. It is typically used when a program has stopped functioning and the window will not close. Programs can be terminated with the program name, session number or process ID. If the process ID for Thunderbird is 2496, what would the command be to forcefully terminate the program? Provide an answer in your document and label it Task 8d. e. The Service Control utilitiy (sc) is a command line program used for communicating with the Service control Manager and services. You must know the service's short name to start or stop a service. You can use the queryex command to view the service name and the display name for a particular service. Enter sc queryex type= service at a command prompt. What is the service name for Windows Update? Provide an answer in your document and label it Task 8e. f. If you know the service_name, you can also display the description for that service. Enter sc qdescription dhcp at a command prompt. This displays the description for the DHCP Client
service. Capture this screen and paste it in to your document and label it Task 8f. What would the command be to view the description for the Windows Update service? Task 9: Networking Utilities a. Clear the command prompt screen. ipconfig displays current IP addressing information for your computer, including IP address, subnet mask and default gateway. What is the IPv4 address for your computer? What is the IPv6 address for your computer? Provide an answer in your document and label it Task 9a. b. What additional information is available with the ipconfig /all command? Is DHCP enabled on your computer? Provide an answer in your document and label it Task 9b. c. How are the commands ipconfig /release and ipconfig /renew used? What assumption can be made if your IP address is 0.0.0.0? Provide answers in your document and label it Task 9c. d. The net utility provides over 20 subcommands that allow you to interact with the network, manage user accounts, manage domains and local groups, manage computers on the network, manage print jobs, manage files, manage resources, and obtain statistics. Understanding all of the options available with the net command could fill another class. e. You can use the net utility to view the configuration for your computer. Enter net config workstation at a command prompt. Capture the output and paste it in your document, and label it Task 9e. As you can see, there is some very useful information available, including the software version and names for the current user and computer. f. The net accounts command can provide information on the password policies for the user accounts. Enter net accounts at a command prompt. Capture the output and paste it in your document and label it Task 9f. g. What net command could be used to display a list of computers that are part of my same domain or those computers that would be visible in Network Neighborhood? Provide an answer in your document and label it Task 9g. h. The netstat command lists the TCP and UDP ports that your computer has open for listening and which are established. To see a list of connections and ports on your system, enter netstat a at a command prompt. i. The nslookup command queries DNS servers, and provides a domain name for an IP address, and vice versa. Enter nslookup www.cisco.com at a command prompt. What is the name of the DNS server that provides the information on www.cisco.com? Provide an answer in your document and label it Task 9i. j. What is the purpose of the ping command? Provide an answer in your document and label Task 9j. k. If a ping is not successful, you need to troubleshoot the path to determine why the ping is not reaching the destination device. The tracert command can show you where in the path the packet is dropping off by displaying a series of *'s and Request Timed Out. The last line displayed will be the last network device that was able to return a response. l. tracert can also show you the actual path taken to reach the destination what networks/locations are being used to get from source to destination. Enter tracert www.cox.net at a command prompt. How many ` hops' did it take to get there? What is the first thing that is done? What is the maximum number of hops that tracert will support? Provide your answers in your document and label it Task 4l.
Bonus:In trying to get some information about network connections from other computers to my computer, I entered the net session command. The following output was received. Why was I denied access?