Reading Guided - Cell Structure and Genetic Control I
1. Cells actively involved in secreting proteins would contain large numbers or quantities of A. lysosomes. B. peroxisomes. C. rough endoplasmic reticulum. D. smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
2. Release of neurotransmitters occurs via A. exocytosis. B. endocytosis. C. phagocytosis. D. pinocytosis.
3. The pH of the cytoplasm is more ___________ than the interior of a primary lysosome. A. basic B. acidic C. neutral
4. Tay-Sachs disease is caused by a genetic defect which affects the activity of _______ enzymes. A. mitochondrial B. lysosomal C. centrosomal D. ribosomal
5. All mitochondria that an individual has came solely from the mother's fertilized egg cell. True False
6. Cells which contain large numbers of mitochondria and large amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum most likely are A. bladder cells. B. bone cells. C. lung cells. D. skeletal muscle cells.
7. Chromatin is comprised of _____________ and ___________. A. phospholipids, DNA B. DNA, protein C. RNA, protein D. DNA, RNA
8. Neutrophils and macrophages move through extracellular matrix by amoeboid movement. True False
9. Individuals using anabolic steroids would have increased amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in their liver cells. True False
10. Cells with large numbers of microvilli on their apical surface are probably involved in A. movement of the body. B. reabsorption of molecules during production of urine. C. detoxification of chemicals. D. secretion of neurotransmitters.
11. The body cells that contain plasma membranes with highest cholesterol content are the muscle cells. True False
12. Primary cilia may serve sensory functions such as vision. True False
13. Precursor mRNA is larger than the mRNA it forms. True False
14. This process is also known as reduction division: A. cell division B. meiosis mitosis C. D. genetic translation
15. This organ contains cells that are haploid: A. the testis B. the liver C. the lung D. the heart
16. The pericentriolar material is believed to be responsible for A. cytoskeletal organization. B. centriole replication. C. kinetochore formation. D. centrosome formation.
17. Chromosomes move to opposite poles in A. anaphase. B. metaphase. C. prophase. D. telophase.
18. Particulate matter is nonspecifically taken into cells by the process of A. exocytosis. B. phagocytosis. C. pinocytosis. D. endocytosis.
19. What chemical change occurs to histones that will turn on genetic transcription? A. acetylation B. acidification C. phosphorylation D. differentiation
20. The folded inner membrane of a mitochondrion is called A. rugae. B. plicae. C. cristae D. microvilli
21. How are the phospholipids arranged to form the plasma membrane? A. single layer with hydrophilic heads outward B. double layer with hydrophobic tails facing inward toward each other C. double layer with hydrophilic heads facing inward toward each other D. double layer with phospholipids on the outside and proteins on the inside
22. The _____________ is the liquid portion of the cell between the plasma membrane and nucleus. A. cytoskeleton B. peroxisome C. cytosol D. phospholipids
23. Growth due to an increase in cell number is called A. hypertrophy. B. hyperplasia. C. atrophy. D. dystrophy.
24. Protein synthesis requires A. aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase to link amino acids to specific tRNA molecules. B. secreted proteins to be synthesized by cytosolic polyribosomes. C. recognition of the anticodon in mRNA by the codon in tRNA. D. the presence of transcription factors.
25. microRNA A. is single-stranded. B. is complementary to a particular mRNA C. is partially complementary to many mRNAs. D. is produced in large numbers by tumor cells.