Reading Guided - Cardiac Output, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure V
1. Vasodilation is induced by all of the following EXCEPT A. increased tissue carbon dioxide. B. decreased tissue metabolism. C. decreased tissue oxygen. D. increased extracellular K+.
2. At rest, blood flow is greatest in the A. skin and GI tract. B. brain and liver. C. GI tract and liver. D. kidneys and skin.
3. Blood flow is increased by A. hypotension. B. vasodilation. C. vasoconstriction. D. edema.
4. Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures. True False
5. ADH would be considered a(n) ____________ regulator of blood flow. A. intrinsic B. extrinsic C. hormonal D. Both extrinsic and hormonal are correct
6. The Frank-Starling law of the heart describes an intrinsic regulation of stroke volume. True False
7. Stroke volume is inversely proportional to A. preload. B. contractility. C. total peripheral resistance. D. Both preload and contractility.
8. Acetylcholine binds to _______ receptors of the heart and causes the opening of ___ channels. A. muscarinic, K+
B. nicotinic, K+ C. muscarinic, Na+ D. nicotinic, Na+
9. Edema would be induced by all of the following EXCEPT A. hypertension. B. protein malnutrition. C. lymphatic blockage. D. hyperthyroidism.
10. Preload is the amount of blood in the ventricles right before they begin to contract. True False
11. At rest, both cardiac and skeletal muscle arterioles have a high peripheral resistance due to A. cholinergic sympathetic stimulation. B. -adrenergic sympathetic stimulation. C. -adrenergic sympathetic stimulation. D. cholinergic parasympathetic stimulation.
12. Hypertension increases afterload, making it more difficult for the ventricles to eject blood. True False
13. During congestive heart failure A. high blood K+ causes cardiac arrest in systole. B. high blood Ca2+ causes cardiac arrest in systole. C. blood pools in front of the affected ventricle. D. renin secretion is stimulated.
14. ___________ A(n) is a cylindrical support used to keep an artery open. A. coronary bypass B. angioplasty C. stent D. angiogram
15. Hypertension may cause A. increased afterload. B. hypertrophy of the ventricles and valve defects. C. broken capillaries in tissues and organs. D. All of the choices are correct.
16. Coronary bypass surgery is performed A. to limit myocardial ischemia. B. to increase blood pressure. C. in response to an aneurysm. D. in response to hypertension.
17. Essential hypertension A. is the type of hypertension that most patients have. B. is the result of a known disease process. C. is a necessary physiological state. D. All of the choices are correct.
18. Which of the following is NOT a result of stimulation of atrial stretch receptors? A. stimulates reflex tachycardia B. increased secretion of ANP C. decreased water excretion D. inhibition of ADH
19. Congestive heart failure occurs when the pumping efficiency of the heart increases. True False
20. The measurement of blood pressure by a sphygmomanometer is the pressure above atmospheric pressure. True False
21. Control of blood flow to skeletal muscles during exercise is mainly under _______ control. A. intrinsic metabolic B. intrinsic myogenic C. extrinsic D. hormonal
22. The last Korotkoff sound occurs when the blood pressure is equal to A. atmospheric pressure. B. systolic pressure. C. diastolic pressure. D. pulmonary pressure.
23. Sweat glands can also secrete _____ that stimulates vasodilation of skin arterioles to help reduce body temperature. A. nitric oxide B. prostaglandin E2 C. bradykinin D. adenosine
24. Secondary hypertension may result from A. a renin secreting tumor. B. an atrial natriuretic factor secreting tumor. C. an aldosterone antagonist. D. an epinephrine antagonist.
25. Cardiogenic shock can result from A. myocardial infarction. B. increased cardiac output. C. increased sympathetic outflow to the heart. D. parasympathetic antagonists.