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0 Question points The diagram below shows the inheritance of a sex-linked recessive trait. In generation II, female number 5 marries a man and has three children. One daughter and one son do not have the recessive trait; the other son does have the recessive trait. Based on this information, one can conclude that:
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the mother is homozygous for the trait. the father is homozygous for the trait. the father is heterozygous for the trait. the mother is heterozygous for the trait. Question 2 0 points
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The portion of the tRNA molecule that base-pairs with the mRNA is called the _______. complement codon reverse-complement anti-codon
Question 3 Prokaryotic cells do not need telomeres because: They have circular genomes instead of linear genomes. They have linear genomes instead of circular genomes. They replicate their DNA semi-conservatively, not conservatively. They replicate their DNA conservatively, not semiconservatively. Question 4 DNA damage is monitored by which tumor suppressor protein? p53 Rb (retinoblastoma) Guardase p21 Question 5 0 points Two different groups of imaginary grindylows live in geographically separated locations and rarely interbreed. On one occasion, a big-footed white grindylow does mate with a small-footed brown grindylow. Three
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offspring result: one big-footed brown grindylow and two small-footed brown grindylows. Which statement about the inheritance of color in grindylows is most likely to be correct? White is dominant to brown. Brown is dominant to white. White and brown are codominant. This cannot be answered without more information. Question 6 0 points
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Which of the following nucleic acids are not used during translation?
tRNA mRNA DNA rRNA Question 7 0 points You have isolated the following sequence from the middle of a coding region of an mRNA of a protein: 5'- AACGAAUUGAUCUAGGCACUGA-3'
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What is the likely reading frame of the protein? 5'-AAC/GAA/...-3' 5'-ACG/AAU/...-3' 5'-CGA/AUU/...-3' It is impossible to determine.
Question 8 Nucleosomes: consist entirely of DNA. consist of DNA wound around a histone core. are present only during mitosis. are made of chromosomes. Question 9
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Translation of all proteins starts with which amino acid?
methionine
leucine alanine adenosine Question 10 0 points From lowest to highest in abundance, what is the correct order of the following eukaryotic chromosomal structures? centromere telomere origin of replication centromere origin of replication - telomere origin of replication centomere telomere telomere centromere origin of replication Question 11 0 points
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The microtubules of the mitotic spindle attach to a specialized structure in the centromere region of each chromosome called the: kinetochore equtorial plate centrosome centrichores
Question 12 0 points An RNA polymerase is transcribing a segment of DNA that contains the sequence: 5'-TAGCGCTAAG-3' 3'-ATCGCGATTC-5'
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If the polymerase uses the top sequence as a template for transcription, what will the sequence of the RNA molecule be? 5'-CUUAGCGCUA-3' 5'-GAAUCGCGAU-3' 5'-UAGCGCUAAG-3' 5'-AUCGCGAUUC-3'
Question 13 0 points
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Which of the following enzymes does not catalyze the synthesis of a nucleic acid? telomerase ligase polymerase
primase
Question 14 Which is the proper order of the phases of the cell cycle? G1-M-S-G2 G1-G2-S-M G1-S-G2-M G1-M-G2-S Question 15 A transcription start signal is called a(n): origin. initiation codon. 0 points
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initiator.
promoter. Question 16 0 points
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Diploid human cells have 46 chromosomes. Therefore, human gametes have ___ autosomes.
22 23 44 46
Question 17 The phenotype of an individual: is either monohybrid or dihybrid. is either homozygous or heterozygous. depends on the genotype. determines the genotype. Question 18 Which of the following is true of the mitotic spindle? It is composed of actin and myosin microfilaments.
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It is composed of microtubules, which help separate the chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell.
It originates only at the centrioles in the centrosomes. It is composed of kinetochores at the metaphase plate. Question 19 0 points
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One difference between transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes is:
prokaryotes do not polyadenylate their mRNA, while eukaryotes do. prokaryotic mRNA is spliced, while eukaryotic RNA is capped.
prokaryotic transcription occurs in the nucleus; eukaryotic transcription occurs in the cytoplasm.
prokaryotic transcription uses a different genetic code. Question 20 This diagram is better known as a: 0 points
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test cross karyotype Punnett square pedigree Question 21 0 points
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Which of the following chromosomal mutations enables the evolution of gene families (such as the hemoglobin gene family)? translocations duplications inversions deletions
Question 22 0 points
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Zygotes are formed: mitotically sexually meiotically asexually
Question 23
0 points Which of the following statements about DNA replication is false?
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Ligases and helicases function in the vicinity of replication forks.
Error rates for DNA replication are often less than one in every billion base pairings. RNA primers are utilized to initiate synthesis of leading AND lagging strands. Okazaki fragments are synthesized as part of the leading strand. Question 24 0 points
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After DNA synthesis, chromosomes are composed of: two sister chromatids two homologous chromosomes two sister nucleosomes four sister chromatids
Question 25 0 points
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In which of the following cells would you most likely observe synapsis? skin cells spermatocytes bone marrow stem cancer cells cells
Question 26 0 points Which of the following statements about sister chromatids is false? They separate from each other during each mitotic anaphase. They arise by replication during S phase. They separate from each other during meiosis I. They usually contain identical versions of the same genetic information. Question 27 Progression through the cell cycle requires both CDKs and cyclins. Which of the following statements is true? Cyclins are activated by their interaction with CDKs. Different CDKs are transcribed in different phases of the cell cycle. Cyclin degradation is stimulated by CDK activity. 0 points
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CDKs remove phosphates from their substrates. Question 28 0 points If a double-stranded DNA molecule contains 30 percent T, it must contain ___ G. 20% 30% 35% 70% Question 29 0 points
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Mutations that code for the substitution of one amino acid for another are called _______ mutations. missense frame-shift nonsense silent
Question 30 0 points
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Genetic diversity is created in asexually reproducing organisms by: independent assortment of sister chromatids mutation crossing over and recombination between sister chromatids union between two random gametes
Question 31 0 points Two different groups of imaginary grindylows live in geographically separated locations and rarely interbreed. On one occasion, a bigfooted white grindylow does mate with a small-footed brown grindylow. Three offspring result: one big-footed brown grindylow and two small-footed brown grindylows. If big feet (B) in grindylows is dominant to small feet (b), the genotype of the big-footed white parent grindylow with respect to the foot gene can: only be Bb. only be bb. either be BB or Bb. only be BB.
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Question 32
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Nucleic acids are synthesized: from 3' to 5' from the carboxy to the amino terminus from the amino to the carboxy terminus from 5' to 3'
Question 33 0 points Two different groups of imaginary grindylows live in geographically separated locations and rarely interbreed. On one occasion, a bigfooted white grindylow does mate with a small-footed brown grindylow. Three offspring result: one big-footed brown grindylow and two small-footed brown grindylows. Which statement about the inheritance of footedness in grindylows is most likely to be correct? This cannot be conclusively answered without more information. Big is dominant to small. Big and small are codominant. Small is dominant to big. Question 34 0 points
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The coding strand of a DNA molecule is: the strand that has the same sequence as the RNA transcript. also known as the template strand. the strand that has the complementary sequence as the RNA transcript. the strand with an AUG in its sequence.
Question 35 Which of the following mutations would probably be the most deleterious? A frame-shift mutation in the second codon A silent mutation in the second codon A nonsense mutation in the last codon A missense mutation in the second codon 0 points
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Question 36
0 points The diagram shows the inheritance of a sex-linked recessive trait. In generation II, female number 5 marries a man and has three children. One daughter and one son do not have the recessive trait; the other son does have the recessive trait. What is the likelihood that female number 2 is a carrier for the trait?
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0% 25% 50% 100% Question 37 0 points In Mendel's experiments, he described the inheritance of "characters" and "traits. Today, we call the characters as ____ and the traits as _____. An organism that carries two different traits of the same character is called ________. alleles, genes, homozygous genotypes, phenotypes, heterozygous
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genes, alleles, homozygous genes, alleles, heterozygous Question 38 0 points
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Homologous chromosomes separate during: anaphase of meiosis I metaphase of meiosis II metaphase of mitosis cytokinesis
Question 39 0 points Dr. Arkov has discovered two new genes in Drosophila. The flavor gene is expressed in two alleles: vanilla (V) and chocolate (v). The texture gene is also expressed in two alleles: crunchy (C) and smooth (c). Vanilla and crunchy are dominant over chocolate and smooth. He mates one heterozygous crunchy vanilla male with a smooth chocolate female. He observes the following phenotypes in 400 progeny: smooth vanilla 10 crunchy vanilla 190
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smooth chocolate 190 crunchy chocolate 10 What conclusions can you draw from this data? The two genes are linked and located on the same chromosome. These two genes display codominance. The flavor gene is sex linked. There is a high degree of recombination between the two gene loci. The texture gene is sex linked. Question 40 0 points
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The breast cancer drug Taxol functions by stabilizing microtubules, inhibiting their dynamic properties. Which of the following is the most likely explanation of how Taxol inhibits cancer cell proliferation? Cancer cells exposed to Taxol are incapable of segregating their chromosomes and therefore cannot complete mitosis. Cancer cells exposed to Taxol are incapable of replicating their DNA and therefore arrest in S phase. Cancer cells exposed to Taxol cannot form a cleavage furrow and therefore cannot undergo cytokinesis. Cancer cells exposed to Taxol trigger activation of the tumor suppressor Rb and arrest in G1 phase.
Question 41 0 points
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Amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds. The energy needed to form peptide bonds is supplied by: the amino acids the ribosome protein peptidases charged tRNA molecules
Question 42 0 points
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During translation, the peptide bonds between amino acids are formed at what position in the ribosome? A position
E position P position T position