of
Muscovy
The Ivan
The
Terrible
Expansion Moscow Kremlin c. 1505
Nikolai Cherkassov
in Eisensteins Ivan
the Terrible
Fyodor Chaliapin as
Ivan the Terrible
Skull of Ivan IV, facial
reconstruction based on it
Goals of Ivan IVs Reign
Expansion
To expand territory controlled by Moscow
Consolidation
To maintain control of territories annexed by Moscow
To establish a loyal elite from whose ranks the tsar can
appoint able administrators, advisors, and military
commanders
Integration
Unify the multi-lingual, multi-ethnic empire of Muscovy
Muscovite
expansion
1533-1598:
Kazan,
1552
Astrakhan,
1556
Siberia,
1580s-
Early Reforms of Ivan IV
- Expands administration of
Muscovite empire.
- Convenes Zemsky Sobor
(Council of the Land) in
1549
- Reform of army command,
rules for service
- Codification of laws
- Convenes council of
Orthodox Church in 1551
()
- Invites foreign architects,
specialists, and scholars to
Muscovy
- Commissions important
churches in Moscow
Church of St.
Basil the
Blessed, Red
Square,
Moscow, late
1550s
Cathedral of the Archangel Michael, Moscow Kremlin
The Crown of Monomakh
The ivory
throne of
Tsar Ivan IV
-- boyrs -- hereditary nobility
Noble status is not
dependent upon service
to the tsar.
Anxious to guard their
privileges from the
service nobility
(gentry), who initially
do derive their status
from service to the
monarch.
Quarrelsome, fractious,
not above the
occasional poisoning to
secure their power.
Queen
Elizabeth II
of
Great
Britain
Palm Sunday Red procession, Square
Palm Sunday procession, Red Square
View of the Kremlin from the Moscow River
The Procession of the Heavenly Host (The Church Militant), 1550s
Ivans victory over Muslim Kazan in 1552 as fulfillment of divine prophecy
The Procession of the Heavenly Host (The Church
Militant), 1550s
Kurbsky - Ivan IV correspondence
Andrei Kurbsky (15281583)
Boyar confidante of Ivan IV
turned exile and opponent
Reportedly exchanged
letters with Ivan the Terrible
between 1564 and 1579.
No manuscript of the letters
exists, so their authenticity
cannot be verified.
Discord &Disarray
1553 : Illness and recovery
of tsar Ivan
1560s on: Attacks by newlyannexed territories of former
khanate against Muscovy
1558-1583: Livonian War
1560: Sudden death of
Ivans wife, Tsaritsa
Anastasia
1564-72: Period of the
oprichnina
1574-75: Ivan abdicates for
one year
1584: Death of Ivan IV
Aleksandrov, town to which Ivan IV fled in 1564, and where
he established the headquarters of the Oprichnina
Oprichnina --
A state within a state -- both
physical and abstract
Run entirely according to
Ivan IV - not subject to laws
of the rest of Muscovy,
which is designated as
zemshchina (),
the domain of the boyars
and church
Rule in oprichnina is
enforced by the dreaded
oprichniki (right)
Ivan the Terrible and His
Son Ivan on November 16,
1581 by Ilya Repin, 1885
Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan on
November 16, 1581 by Ilya Repin, 1885
Icon of Ivan the
Terrible, painted
after his death
in 1584