Dewri
Period Arko 4
Biology 9H
4/13/2010
35.1
Chapter 35 Vocabulary
1. Amylase Digestive enzyme in saliva that begins the process of chemical digestion in
the mouth by breaking down starches into sugars.
2. Chemical Digestion Chemical breakdown of food by digestive enzymes such as
amylase into smaller molecules that cells can absorb.
3. Esophagus Muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach and moves food to
the stomach by the process of peristalsis.
4. Large Intestine End portion of the digestive tract; involved primarily in water
absorption.
5. Liver Largest internal organ of the body; produces bile.
6. Mechanical Digestion Physical breakdown of food that occurs when food is chewed
into smaller pieces and then churned by the stomach and small intestine.
7. Pepsin Digestive enzyme involved in the stomachs chemical digestion of proteins.
8. Peristalsis Rhythmic, wavelike muscular contractions that move food throughout the
digestive tract.
9. Small Intestine Longest part of the digestive tract; involved in mechanical and chemical
digestion.
10. Villus Fingerlike structure through which most nutrients are absorbed from the small
intestine.
35.2
11. Calorie Unit used to measure the energy content of food; 1 Calorie equals 1 kilocalorie,
or 1000 calories.
12. Mineral Inorganic compound, such as calcium, that is used as building material by the
body and is involved with metabolic functions.
13. Nutrition Process by which an individual in takes and uses food, which provides
building blocks for growth and energy to maintain body mass.
14. Vitamin Fat-soluble or water-soluble organic compound needed in very small amounts
for the bodys metabolic activities.
35.3
15. Aldosterone Steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that acts on the kidneys
and is important for sodium reabsorption.
16. Antidiuretic Hormone Functions in homeostasis by regulating water balance.
17. Calcitonin Thyroid hormone involves in regulation of blood calcium levels.
18. Cortisol A glucocorticoid that raises blood glucose levels, reduced inflammation, and is
produced by the adrenal cortex.
19. Endocrine Gland Hormone-producing gland that releases its product into the
bloodstream.
20. Glucagon Hormone produced by the pancreas that signals liver cells to convert
glycogen to glucose and release glucose into the blood.
21. Hormone Substance, such as estrogen, that is produced by an endocrine gland and acts
on target cells.
22. Insulin Hormone produced by the pancreas that works with glucagon to maintain the
level of sugar in the blood.
23. Parathyroid Hormone Substance produced by the parathyroid gland that increases blood
calcium levels by stimulating bones to release calcium.
24. Pituitary Gland Endocrine gland located at the base of the brain; called the master
gland because it regulates many body functions.
25. Thyroxine Thyroid hormone that increases that metabolic rate of cells.