Section BMS110 A/D/Z
Fall 2011
BMS110 Chapter 4 Study Guide
1.
What is a tissue?
a. Collection of cells of the same type that perform a common function
2.
What are the 4 main types of tissue?
a. Epithelial
b. Connective
c. Muscular
d. Nervous
3.
What is the basement membrane?
a. Holds down cells
4.
What is transitional epithelium and where is it found?
a. Stretches; when empty stratified, when full simple
5.
Name the 5 major types of epithelial tissue and where they are found?
a. Simple
i. Linings of blood vessels, lung alveoli
b. Stratified
c. Squamous
d. Cubodial
e. Columnar
6.
What are the 2 types of glands and what makes them different?
a. Exocrine
i. Substances released through ducts or tubes
b. Endocrine
i. Substances released directly into the extracellular fluid
7.
What are the 3 types of connections between cells and what are they used for?
a. Gap junction: share cytoplasm
b. Tight junctions: nothing go between
c. Adhering junctions: little flexibility
8.
What is the function of connective tissue?
a. Connects, supports, and anchors the bodys parts
b. Makes up more of your body than any other tissue
9.
What is matrix (extracellular matrix; ECM; EM)?
a. The blend of cells, fibers, and ground substances that gives each type of
connective tissue the specialized properties
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BMS110 Section A/D/Z
Fall 2011
10.
What is ground substance?
a. Polysaccharides
b. Noncelluar; ranges from hard to liquid
11.
What are the 3 types of protein fibers in the matrix?
a. Elastic
b. Reticular
c. Collagen
12.
What are the 3 types of connective tissue?
a. Fibrous
b. Special
13.
What are the 2 main types of fibrous connective tissue?
a. Loose
b. Dense
14.
What are fibrous connective tissue made of and the cells in it?
a. Made up of fibroblast cells
15.
What are tendons and ligaments?
a. Tendons: muscle to bone
b. Ligaments: muscle to muscle
16.
What are a special loose fibrous connective tissue and its function?
a. Adipose (hypodermis) mainly cells filled with fat; insulator
17.
What are the 2 supportive connective tissues?
a. Bones
b. Cartilage
18.
What are the 3 types of cartilage, examples, and type of fibers?
a. Hyaline: fine collagen fibers
i. Everywhere but outer ear and vertebrae
b. Elastic: more elastic fibers
i. Outer ear
c. Fibrocartilage: strong collagen fibers
i. Disk between vertebrae
19.
What is a lacunae?
a. Where cells lay
20.
What is the make-up of bone and the cells in it?
a. Osteocytes
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BMS110 Section A/D/Z
Fall 2011
b. Solid matrix
c. Made of collagen and calcium salts
21.
What are the 2 types of bone and their differences and locations?
a. Compact: repeating circular units called osteons which contain the hard
matrix and living cells and blood vessels
i. Shafts of long bone
b. Spongy: an open, latticework with irregular spaces
i. Ends of long bones
22.
What are the 2 fluid connective tissues?
a. Blood
b.
23.
What is plasma?
a. Matrix fluid of blood
24.
What are the formed elements?
a. Erythrocytes (RBC)
b. Leukocytes (WBC)
c. Thrombocytes (Platelets)
25.
What are the 3 types of muscle and what are they made of?
a. Skeletal
i. Long, cylindrical cells
ii. Multiple nuclei
iii. Striated fibers
b. Smooth
i. Spindle-shaped cells
ii. One nucleus
iii. No striations
c. Cardiac
i. Branched cells
ii. One nucleus
iii. Striations
iv. Darker striations (intercalated disks)
26.
Which muscles have volunteering movement and which do not?
a. Skeletal does
b. Cardiac and smooth do not
27.
Which muscles have fast movement and which are slow?
a. Cardiac and skeletal are fast
b. Smooth is slow
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BMS110 Section A/D/Z
Fall 2011
28.
What are some characteristics of the 3 types of muscle?
a. Skeletal
i. Fast
ii. Voluntary
b. Smooth
i. Slow
ii. Involuntary
c. Cardiac
i. Fast
ii. Involuntary
29.
What is the function of the nervous tissue?
a. Communication lines
30.
What are the 2 types of cells in the nervous tissue?
a. Neurons
b. are Neuroglia
31.
What the parts of the neuron?
a. Axon carry information away
i. Myelin fatty substance helps propagate signal faster
b. Dendrite carry information towards
32.
What are the 3 types of neuroglia and what is their function?
a. Oligodendrocytes
i. Produce myelin
ii. Schwann cells: outside brain
b. Astrocytes
i. Repair damaged tissue
c. Microglia
i. Remove debris
33.
What are the 4 types of membranes and their function(s)?
a. Mucous
i. Secrete and/or absorb substances
b. Serous
i. Peritoneum
1. Abdominal cavity
ii. Pericardium
1. heart
iii. Pleura
1. lungs
c. Cutaneous
i. skin
d. Synovial
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BMS110 Section A/D/Z
Fall 2011
i. Line cavities of bodys moveable joints
34.
What are the 3 types of Serous membranes and where are they found?
a. Peritoneum
i. Abdominal cavity
b. Pericardium
i. heart
c. Pleura
i. lungs
35.
What are the 5 major body cavities?
a. Cranial
b. Spinal
c. Thoracic
d. Abdominal
e. Pelvic
36.
What is an organ?
a. 2 or more tissue types working towards a particular function
37.
What are the 11 organ systems and their key functions?
a. Integumentary system
i. Protects body form injury, dehydration
b. Nervous system
i. Detects external and internal stimuli
c. Muscular system
i. Moves body and its parts
d. Skeletal system
i. Supports and protects body parts
e. Circulatory system
i. Transports many materials to and from cells
f. Endocrine system
i. Hormonally controls the body
g. Lymphatic system
i. Collects and returns tissue fluid to blood
h. Respiratory system
i. Delivers oxygen to all living cells
i. Digestive system
i. Ingests food and water; chemically breaks down food and absorbs
j. Urinary system
i. Maintains the volume and composition of blood
k. Reproductive system
i. Produces eggs; after fertilization affords a protected nutritive
environment for the development of fetus
ii. Transfers sperm
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BMS110 Section A/D/Z
Fall 2011
38.
What are the 3 types of cell junctions and their functions/characteristics?
a. Tight
i. Block leaking between cells (impermeable)
b. Gap
i. Connect cytoplasm
ii. Intercalated disk
c. Adhering
i. Desmosomes
ii. Cement cells together but flexible
39.
What is the integumentary system and its 3 major functions?
a. Skin
b. Protection, sensory, synthesis of chemicals (melanin and vitamin D)
40.
What are the 3 layers if the integumentary system?
a. Epidermis
b. Dermis
c. Hypodermis
41.
What are the accessory organs?
a. Oil glands, sweat glands, hair, and nails
42.
What are the 4 cells in the Epidermis and their function?
a. Keratinocytes
i. Make keratin (water insoluble substances)
b. Melanocytes
i. Makes melanin (skin color)
c. Langerhans
i. Defense cells
d. Granstein
i. Immune response
43.
What are the types of connective tissue in the Dermis and Hypodermis and their
function?
a. Mostly dense connective tissue, so it contains elastin fibers hat make it
strong
44.
What is the characteristics of Sweat glands and oil glands?
a. Accessory organs
45.
What makes up the extracellular fluid in the body?
a. ~15 liters
b. Mostly interstitial fluid
c. Plasma
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BMS110 Section A/D/Z
Fall 2011
46.
How does the body maintain homeostasis (sensory)?
a. Translate a stimulus into a signal that can be sent to the brain
47.
What are negative feedback and an example?
a. An activity alters a condition in the internal environment and triggers a
response that reveres the altered condition
b. Example: keeping body temperature within a normal range
48.
What are positive feedback and an example?
a. A chain of events that intensify a change from original condition that
reverses the change
b. Example: childbirth
49.
How does the body maintain temperature using homeostasis?
a. Negative feedback loops
50.
What is hyperthermia and hypothermia and how does your body prevent them?
a. Hyperthermia
i. Heat exhaustion
ii. Heat stroke
iii. Vasodilation
b. Hypothermia
i. Cole
ii. Frostbite
iii. Vasoconstriction
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