= Justice:
Objective the thing being though about
Subject= the person doing the thinking
1. Ethical Truth
a. Cultural variation
b. 7opinions
c. How can we know?
d. Exceptions made it hard to say what is true
e. Absolutism: opposite to relativism
f. . Radical doubt is a process that scrutinizes a belief through association of four
arguments; The Argument from the Unreliability of the Senses, The Argument
from Dreaming, The Argument from Insanity, and The Argument from the Evil
Demon.
f.i. . The Argument from the Unreliability of the Senses explains the
possibility of our senses deceiving us through perceptions such as
illusions, which means that a belief based on our senses provides room
from reasonable doubt.
f.ii. The Argument from Dreaming describes our most vivid dreams have the
ability to give physical reactions and are so closely connected to our
waking reality that at that time we believe the dream is real.
f.ii.1.
Experiences have the opportunity to being false
f.iii. The Argument from Insanity states that if a person were mentally ill it is
common that they are unable to distinguish reality from their delusion.
f.iv. The Argument from the Evil Demon presents the possibility of a higher
source of power provided crazy delusions, therefore, all beliefs could be
mistaken.
g. Cultural relativism is a subjective theory, providing an explanation for how
something; person or action is measured as right and wrong. It states that all
moral principles are valid, relative to ones culture. This means that an action or
person is right if it is normal or moral in comparison to the expectations of a
culture.
g.i. my cultural moralities cannot measure those living elsewhere where our
cultural moral values conflict because, as a subjective theory, each
community opinion about a value is right according to that community.
g.ii. Relativism:
g.ii.1.
Looking in the individual and their perspective
g.ii.2.
The standpoint of the whole community
h. If the truth is relative to the individual pt of view subjectivism
h.i. To make each person infallulable
h.ii. Pius 9th made announcement that there are infalluable in matter of faith not
in materialistic highly things specific
h.iii. Ex Hilter:
h.iii.1.
His belief is right for him and so he thinks its right for him
to attack people that is right for them
h.iv. Strange to be able to give people this kind of power
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
h.v. Has a problem because we normally dont think of ourselves as infallible
and why are agganize about what is right and wrong
h.vi. Normally we know/think that we may mistakes because of judgments
about people, car dealerships etc.
i. The truth in the point of view in the community relativism
i.i. Do we think that all societies are infallible?
i.i.1.
Slavery?
i.i.1.a.
Greeks are superior to non greeks and are so much
that it is in the barbarians to be slaves aristoles argument
i.ii. Terrorist vs peaceful citizen
i.ii.1.
Equally true
i.ii.2.
Is that proper ?
i.ii.3.
Non cognitive theory would support it
i.ii.4.
In chapter 3 n 4
j. Objectivism there is a truth out there about ethics and it can be discovered
j.i. We should recognize the chance that we are wrong right now
j.ii. Can sometimes know the objective truth
j.iii. Where do theses ethical truths come from?
j.iv. Some people suggest that this theory may be the right one
Are ethical statements true?
a. Important to distinguish whether something is true and whether we know how we
are true
Suppose that there is not planet with intelligent life
a. Unable to know that that is true
Are ethical statements true or false
a. A cognitive state that allows the unfavorable conditions out as knowledge
b. Non cognitivism theory ethical statements cant state ordinary states
b.i. Immotivism: ethical express emotions approval or disapproval
b.ii. Prescription view: instructions in the way people be have
Ethical truths beliefs that are cognitive states that could count as knowledge involving
cognitive views
a. Can be true or false
b. But doesnt follow that those are truly true could be false
c. All ethical statements are false because there are no rights and wrong
c.i. In a disagreement one can not be right and the other wrong because they
are actually both false
Is truth all the same?
Aesthetics is more a about an opinion than a truth