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Course: HIST 2710, Spring 2009School: Utah Valley University
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MeltingPot Onereasonwaspopulationgrowth,whichdrovemanywbiteAmericans AMERICANCIVILIZATION UNITEDSTATESHISTORY170 RhettS.James MarcioCarvalheiro History170 Chapter8 September30,2008 VarietyofAmericanNationalism 1. outoftheEast.Between1800and1820,thepopulationnearlydoubledfrom 5.3millionto9.6million.MostAmericanswerestillfarmers,andthe agriculturallandsoftheEastwerebynowlargelyoccupiedorexhausted.In...
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MeltingPot
Onereasonwaspopulationgrowth,whichdrovemanywbiteAmericans AMERICANCIVILIZATION
UNITEDSTATESHISTORY170
RhettS.James
MarcioCarvalheiro
History170
Chapter8
September30,2008
VarietyofAmericanNationalism
1.
outoftheEast.Between1800and1820,thepopulationnearlydoubledfrom
5.3millionto9.6million.MostAmericanswerestillfarmers,andthe
agriculturallandsoftheEastwerebynowlargelyoccupiedorexhausted.In
theSouth,thespreadoftheplantationsystemlimitedopportunitiesfornew
settlers.AnotherreasonwasthattheWestitselfwasbecomingincreasingly
attractivetowhitesettlers.Landthereasmuchmoreplentifulthanitasinthe
East.AndintheaftermathoftheWarof1812,thefederalgovernment
continueditspolicyofpushingtheIndiantribesfartherandfartherwest.
MigrantsfromthroughouttheEastflockedinincreasingnumberstowhatwas
thenknownastheOldNorthwest(nowpartoftheMidwest),mostofthemvia
theOhioand\MonongahelaRivers.1
2. Workethic
TheAshleysdispatchedsuppliesannuallytotheirtrappersin
exchangeforfursandskins.Thearrivalofthesupplytrainbecamethe
occasionforagatheringofscoresofmountainmen,someofwhomlived
muchoftheyearinconsiderableisolation.Buthoweverisolatedtheirdaily
lives,thesemountainmenwerecloselyboundupwiththeexpanding
marketeconomy.SomewereemployeesoftheRockyMountainFur
Company,earningasalaryinreturnforprovidingasteadysupplyoffurs.
Otherstrappedontheirownandsimplysoldtheirfursforcash,butthey
toodependedonmerchantsfromtheEastfortheirlivelihoods.Whatever
edtothemerchants,notthetrappers.2
1
2
Alan
thecharacterofthetransactions,thehulkoftheprfitsfromthetradeflow Brinkley, The Unfinished Nation (New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2008) 205
Ibid, 207
1
3. ConstitutionalDemocracy
Inoverturningtheactofthelegislatureandthedecisionsofthe
NewHampshirecourts,thejusticesalsoimplicitlyclaimedforthemselves
therighttooverridethedecisionsofstatecourts.Butadvocatesofstates
rights,especiallyintheSouth,continuedtochallengeitsrighttodoso.In
Cohensv.Virginia(1821),Marshallexplicitlyaffirmedtheconstitutionality
offederalreviewofstatecourtdecisions.Thestateshadgivenuppartof
theirsovereigntyinratifyingtheConstitution,heexplained,andtheir
courtsmustsubmittofederaljurisdiction.3
4. AntiConstitutional
Sincethebeginningoftherepublic,newstateshascomeintothe
Unionmoreorlessinpairs,onefromthenorth,anotherfromthesouth.In
1819,therewereelevenfreestatesandelevenslavestates:theadmission
ofMissouriwouldupsetthatbalance.Hencethecontroversyoverslavery
andfreedominMissouri.4
5. CivilRights
MarshallofferedapreliminarydefinitionoftheplaceofIndianswithin
UnitedStates.Thetribeshadabasicrighttotheirland,Marshallsaid,that
precededallotherAmericanlaw.IndividualAmericancitizenscouldnot
buyortakelandfromthetribes;onlythefederalgovernment,thesupreme
authoritycoulddothat.5
3
Alan Brinkley, The Unfinished Nation (New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2008) 212
Ibid, 213
5
Ibid, 215
4
2
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