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Meningococcal Vaccine (1)
Course: HLTH 311, Spring 2012School: BYU
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FILE ALifesavingVaccineforCollegeFreshmen By January22,2009 REPORTER'S CAROLYN SAYRE InBrief: Therearetwomaintypesofmeningitis:viralandbacterial.Viralmeningitis typicallyresolvesonitsown,whilebacterialmeningitiscanbeseriousand potentiallyfatal. Meningococcaldisease,themostcommonformofbacterialmeningitisinchildren andyoungadults,affectsbetween1,400and2,800Americanseveryyear....
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FILE
ALifesavingVaccineforCollegeFreshmen
By January22,2009
REPORTER'S CAROLYN SAYRE
InBrief:
Therearetwomaintypesofmeningitis:viralandbacterial.Viralmeningitis
typicallyresolvesonitsown,whilebacterialmeningitiscanbeseriousand
potentiallyfatal.
Meningococcaldisease,themostcommonformofbacterialmeningitisinchildren
andyoungadults,affectsbetween1,400and2,800Americanseveryyear.
Manystatesnowrequirethatatriskgroupslikeincomingcollegefreshmanreceive
thenewandimprovedMenactravaccinethatprotectsagainstmeningococcaldisease.
Someexpertsargueagainstthemandatebecausethediseaseafflictsrelativelyfew
people.
Sevenyearsago,whenLaurieHartwigdroppedherchildoffatcollege,shehad
noideaitwouldbethelasttimeshesawher.Afewweekslater,herdaughter
McKenzie,afreshmanattheUniversityofSouthDakota,collapsedduringa
volleyballmatchandwasrushedtothehospital.Shediedthatsamenightfrom
meningococcaldisease,aformofbacterialmeningitisthatcausesinflammation
andswellingofthemembranesthatsurroundthebrainandspinalcord.
Wecouldntmakeittothehospitalintime,saidMrs.Hartwig,wholivesin
Pinedale,Wyo.Itwasdevastatinganditstillis.Peoplealwayssay,Arentyou
overitbynow?Butitisthekindofthingyounevergetover.
Deathfrommeningitisisatragedythatstrikesfamiliesalltoooften.Everyyear
some1,400to2,800Americansgetthemeningococcalformofthedisease,
primarilychildrenandteenagers,andbetween140and392diefromit.Asmany
as19percentofcasesresultinpermanentdisabilitieslikebraindamage, hearing
lossoramputatedlimbs.
Butwiththeadventinrecentyearsofanewer,andlongeracting,meningitis
vaccinecalledMenactra,itisalsoamaladythatneednotstrikeasoften.And
increasingly,effortsarebeingsteppeduptospreadthewordaboutvaccination
and,insomecases,torequireitforatriskgroupslikecollegestudents.
Meningitisisadevastatingillness,saidDr.GeorgeMcCracken,aprofessorof
pediatricinfectiousdiseasesattheUTSouthwesternMedicalCenterinDallas.It
hasaherdeffect.Themorepeoplewhoareimmunized,thebetter.
Thatisparticularlytrueforincomingcollegestudents,whoalongwithinfants
havethehighestriskofcontractingthedisease.Theinfectionistypicallyspread
throughtheexchangeofdropsoffluidsfromthenoseandthroat,mostcommonly
whensneezing,coughing,kissingorsharingutensils.Studentslivingintight
quarterslikedormitoriesarefivetimesmorelikelytobeinfectedthancollege
studentsoverall,accordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.
Itisaphenomenaofcrowding,addsDr.McCracken,whonotesthatthemilitary
washithardbythediseasebeforethefirstvaccine,Menomune,becameavailable
intheUnitedStatesintheearly80s.
Thenewandimprovedmeningococcalvaccine,Menactra,wasgreenlitbythe
meningitis,HemophilusinfluenzaetypebandStreptococcuspneumoniae,are
FoodandDrugAdministrationin2005.Twoadditionalvaccinations,which
protectagainstothertwoothercommonbacterialinfectionsthatcancause
givenroutinelyinchildhood.
Thenewvaccinechangesthenatureoftheimmuneresponse,soitislonger
lastingthanthethreetofiveyearsoftheearliervaccine,saidDr.ThomasClark,
amedicalepidemiologistattheC.D.C.Lastyear,thegovernmentorganization
recommendedthatalladolescentsages11to18beimmunizedroutinelywiththe
newvaccine,whichisthoughttoprovideprotectionforeightto10years.
Andsincereportsbegantosurfaceinthelate90saboutthevulnerabilityof
collegestudents,halfofstatesnowhavesomesortoflegislationmandatingthe
vaccineforincomingfreshman.Another12statesdistributeinformationaboutthe
diseasetostudents,andmostuniversityhealthcenterssuggesttheirstudents
receivethevaccine,whichcostsabout$100.
Butnotallexpertsagreeontheneedforroutinevaccination.
Itshouldntberequired,saidDr.DonaldMisch,medicaldirectorofHealth
ServicesatNorthwesternUniversityinChicago.Peoplesayitisntworthalife,
buttheissueisntthatsimple.Thereisacoldcostbenefitratio.Andthetruthis,
thisisaveryexpensivevaccineforadiseasethatoccursinfrequently.
Opponentsoftherequirementalsonotethatthecostlyvaccineisntfoolproof.
Menactraonlyprotectsagainstfourofthefivemostcommonstrainsof
meningococcaldisease.Researcherssaythatavaccineforthisunprotectedstrain
knownasserotypeBisonthehorizonandwillhopefullybeavailableinthenext
fiveyears.
Butimperfectionsaside,mostofthemedicalcommunitystillsaysthevaccineis
worthwhile.Youmaybeabletohangapriceonavaccineprogram,Dr.Clark
argued,butyoucanthangapriceonasinglelife.
Physiciansalsosaythatthemeningitisvaccineisimportant,becausethedisease
progressessofastandisdifficulttodetectearly.Manypeopleconfusetheinitial
symptomshighfever,stiffneck,headacheandnauseawiththeflu.
Despitesomeopposition,thepublic,itseems,isgettingonboard.In2007,32.4
percentofpreteensandteenagerswerevaccinated,comparedwithonly11.7
percentthepreviousyear.Butthatisstillonlyonethirdofthehighrisk
population.
Itcantakeawhileforinformationtogetoutthereaboutthese
recommendations,saidLynnBozof,executivedirectoroftheNationalMeningitis
Association,wholosthersontomeningococcaldisease10yearsago.Thereisa
tendencytothinkthatthisdiseaseisrareanditisnotgoingtohappentome,but
youcantgothroughlifewithblinderson.IfIhadknownaboutthe[first]vaccine
mysonwouldbealivetoday.
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