forms: Test |White = A | Purple = B | Salmon = C | Yellow = D |
101 MT2 Sp06 - Key
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Note: True-False order may be reversed, i.e. a. False b. True
1. Statement #1: Compared to the resting membrane potential, during the upstroke of the action potential there is an
increase in the number of open Na and Ca channels.
Statement #2: During the upstroke of the action potential there are more open K channels than there are during the
resting membrane potential.
Statement #3: The plateau phase is terminated and final repolarization begins with inactivation of some of the
open K channels.
a. All three statements are true.
b. All three statements are false.
c. Only statement #1 is true.
d. Only statements #1 and #2 are true.
e. Only statements #1 and #3 are true.
2. You observe depolarization during a phase of an action potential.
Statement #1: This depolarization could occur because there is either an absolute increase in inward current flow
or a decrease in existing outward current flow.
Statement #2: This depolarization could occur because there an absoltue decrease in inward current flow or an
increase in outward current flow.
a. Only statement #1 is true.
b. Only statement #2 is true.
c. Both statements are false.
3. Statement #1: Sympathetic stimulation to the pacemaker cells of the SA node increases the slope of the pacemaker
potential (diastolic depolarization) and decreases the threshold for activation of phase 0, the upstroke.
Statement #2: Sympathetic stimulation to the pacemaker cells of the SA node increases the slope of the pacemaker
potential and decreases the maximum diastolic potential (MDP).
Statement #3: Parasympathetic stimulation to the pacemaker cells of the SA node decreases the slope of the
pacemaker potential and increases the maximum diastolic potential (MDP) by activating an acetylcholine K
channel.
a. All the statements are true.
b. All the statements are false.
c. Only statements #1 and #3 are true.
d. Only statements #2 and #3 are true.
e. Only statement #3 is true.
1
Name: ________________________
4. Contractile energy for ejecting the stroke volume can be increased by
Statement #1: an increase in venous return.
Statment #2: an increase in sarcoplasmic Ca produced by an increase in muscle fiber length.
Statement #3: an increase in contractility.
a. All three statements are true.
b. Only statements #1 and #3 are true.
c. Only statement #1 is true.
d. Only statement #3 is true.
e. Only statement #2 is true.
5. Condition: The AV node is effectively refractory.
a. You would expect activation of the His Bundle and Bundle Branch System and the
ventricular muscle.
b. You would expect activation of the ventricular muscle but not the His Bundle and Bundle
Branch system.
c. You would expect activation of the His Bundle and Bundle Branch system but not the
ventricular muscle.
d. You would not expect activation of either the His Bundle and Bundle Branch system or
the ventricular muscle.
6. Statement #1: Increases in muscle fiber length increase sarcoplasmic calcium in both cardiac and skeletal muscle.
Statement #2: Increases in sacroplasmic calcium increase the number of actin-myosin crossbridges mobilized in
cardiac muscle.
Statement #3: Increases in sarcoplasmic calcium do not change in the number of actin-myosin cross-bridges in
skeletal muscle.
a. All three statements are true.
b. All three statements are false.
c. Only the first statement is true.
d. Only statements #1 and #2 are true.
e. Only statements #2 and #3 are true.
2
Name: ________________________
7. Which of the ECG tracings below show only a decrease in heart rate from control?
Control
A
B
a.
b.
c.
d.
Trace A
Trace B
Both traces A & B
Neither trace A nor B.
8. Which of the following will decrease capillary filtration?
Statement #1: A decrease in capillary oncotic (protein osmotic) pressure.
Statement #2: An increase in interstitial fluid pressure.
Statement #3: a decrease in the number of open capillaries (there is no change in arterial blood pressure).
a. All three statements will true.
b. All three statements are false.
c. Only statement #1 is true.
d. Only statements #2 and #3 are true.
e. Only statement #3 is true.
3
Name: ________________________
9. Condition: There is an increase in both sympathetic activity to the arterioles in skeletal muscle and an increase in
skeletal muscle metabolism.
Statement: You will observe a decrease in arteriolar resistance and an increase in blood flow to the skeletal
muscle.
a. The statement is true.
b. The statement is false.
c. You cannot determine if there is an increase in blood flow because you need to know the
level of sympathetic activity and the level of metabolism.
10. Which point on the graph below represents an increase in contractility with no change in stroke volume from
control?
#1
Control
6
Stroke Volume
#2
2
5
10
4
3
C
1
9
8
7
C= Control
End Diastolic Volume
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2
3
4
5
9
4
Cardiac Function Curves.101.06
Name: ________________________
11. Use the concepts relating electrical to mechanical activity of the heart and blood flow through the heart.
Question: Which of the following statements listing the sequence of events in the cardiac cycle is consistent with
these concepts? (Note. some steps in the sequence may be omitted.)
a. QRS complex, closure of the AV valves, onset of ventricular contraction, increase
ventricular pressure, flow of blood into the aorta, opening of the aortic valve.
b. QRS complex, onset of ventricular contraction, closure of the AV valves, increase
ventricular pressure, flow of blood into the aorta, opening of the aortic valve.
c. QRS complex, closure of the AV valves, onset of isovolumetric contraction, onset of
ventricular contraction, opening of the aortic valve, flow of blood into the aorta.
d. more than one of the sequences is correct.
e. none of the sequences is correct.
12. Condition: There is a fall in blood pressure. The reflex compensation to return blood pressure to normal
Statement #1: includes an increase in arterial volume.
Statement #2: includes a decrease in activation and decrease in afferent firing of the carotid sinus baroreceptors
producing a decrease in activation of the parasympathetic nervous system and a disinhibtion (reduction in
inhibition) of the active sympathetic system.
Statement #3: may include an increase in heart rate, a decrease in arteriolar resistance, a decrease in venous
capacitance and an increase in venous return, and an increase in contractility.
a. All three statements are true.
b. All three statements are false.
c. Only statement #1 is true.
d. Only statements #1 and #2 are true.
e. Only statements #1 and #3 are true.
13. Statement: Both at FRC and at the end of inspiration the transmural pressure for the lung is equal in magntiude
and opposite in direct to the intrinisc forces of the lung, and the transmural pressure for the chest wall is equal in
magnitude and opposite in direction to the intrinsic forces for the wall.
a. chest Statement is true.
b. Statement is false.
14. Condition: At FRC the intrinsic elastic recoil/surface tension forces for the lung are 2 inward. At FRC the
intrinsic elastic forces for the chest wall are 2 outward.
Question: What is the pleural pressure at FRC for this respiratory system?
a. +4
b. -4
c. +2
d. -2
e. None of the above.
5
Name: ________________________
15. Initial conditions: The airways in the lung are open to outside air. The ER/ST forces for the lung are 5 inward.
The pleural pressure is +5.
Question: As a consequence of these initial conditions, you will observe
a. Inspiration
b. Expiration
c. No change in lung volume
16. Statement #1: Inspiration will continue until the ER/ST forces of the lung equal the increased transmural pressure
for the lung.
Statement #2: Passive (unforced) expiration will continue until the ER/ST forces of the lung are equal in
magntiude and opposite in direction to the intrinsic forces of the chest wall.
a. Both statements are true.
b. Both statements are false.
c. Only the first statement is true.
d. Only the 2nd statement is true.
17. Statement: In the absence of an FRC, alveolar and pulmonary venous Po2 will increase with inspiration and
decrease with expiration.
a. Statement is true.
b. Statement is false.
18. Statement: Surfactant reduces the intrinsic elastic forces for the lung decreasing the change in transmural pressure
needed for inspiration.
a. The statement is true.
b. The statement is false.
19. Condition: There is a decrease in lung ventilation. There is no change in metabolism. As a consequence you
would predict
Statement set #1: a decrease in alveolar Po2 and an increase in alveolar Pco2. Pulmonary venous Po2 and Pco2
will equilibrate with alveolar Po2 and Pco2.
Statement set #2: a decrease in alveolar Po2 with no change in alveolar Pco2. Pulmonary venous Po2 and Pco2
will equilibrate wth the alveolar Po2 and Pco2.
Statement set #3: a decreae in alveolar Po2 and an increase in alveoarl Pco2. Pulmonary venous Po2 and Pco2
will not equilibrate with alveolar Po2 and Pco2.
a. Only statement set #1 is true.
b. Only statement set #2 is true.
c. Only statement set #3 is true.
d. None of the statement sets is true.
6
Name: ________________________
20. Condition: Systemic arterial Po2 is 100 Torr and systemic arterial Pco2 is 40 Torr, the normal values for both.
Statement: The content of oxygen/100 ml of blood is greater than that for carbon dioxide.
a. The statement is true.
b. The statement is false.
21. Condition: You have a unknown liquid. You do not know the properties of this liquid. You measure the partial
pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in this liquid. You observe that the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is 2
times that of oxygen.
Statement: You can conclude that content of oxygen in this liquid is greater than that of carbon dioxide.
a. The statement is true.
b. The statement is false.
22. Recall the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve.
Observation: There is a smaller decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen with decreases in oxygen content from
14 ml oxygen/100 ml of blood to 12 ml of oxygen/100 ml of blood than there is from 20 ml oxygen/100 ml of
blood to 18 ml of oxygen/100 ml of blood.
Statement: The smaller decrease in partial pressure is a consequence of less oxygen leaving the blood.
a. The statement is true.
b. The statement is false.
7
Name: ________________________
23. Use this graph for this question:
Excretion Rate mg/min
A
B
C
Plasma Concentration mg/ml
Statement #1: Graph A indicates filtration, Graph B indicates secretion and Graph C indicates reabsorption.
Statement #2: Graph A indicates reabsorption, Graph B indicates filtration and Graphs C indicates secretion.
Statement #3: Graph A indicates secretion. Graph B indicates filtration and Graph C indicates reabsorption.
a. Statement #1 is correct.
b. Statement #2 is correct.
c. Statement #3 is correct.
d. None of the statments is correct.
24. Statement: For a substance that is reabsorbed, excretion into the urine will not occur until the filtered load (plasma
concentration x GFR) exceeds the transport capacity of the nephrons.
a. The statement is true.
b. The statement is false.
25. Statement: Increasing efferent arteriolar resistance without changing afferent arteriolar resistance will increase
GFR and decrease vasa recta blood flow.
a. Statement is true.
b. Statement is false.
8
Name: ________________________
26. Blocking the Na/K ATP pump on the basolateral membrane of proximal tubules epithelial cells will
Statement #1: decrease the reabsorption of Na from the proximal tubular fluid.
Statement #2: decrease the reabsorption of glucose, amino acids and other solutes cotransported with Na.
Statement #3: decrease the secretion of H+ into the proximal tubule.
a. Only statement #1 is true.
b. Only statement #2 is true.
c. Only statements #1 and #2 are true.
d. All three statements are true.
e. All three statements are false.
27. Statement #1: Most of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule.
Statement #2: In a healthy individual, all filtered glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed in the proximal tubule.
Statement #3: While Na uses membrane transporters for reabsorption, Na does not have a transport maximum
because it is also reabsorbed by the solvent drag.
a. All three statements are true.
b. All three statements are false.
c. Only statements #1 and #2 are true.
d. Only statement #1 is true.
e. Only statement #2 is true.
28. Under conditions where there is a reduced circulating blood volume,
Statement #1: there is an increase in GFR.
Statement #2: there is stimulation of ADH secretion from the posterior pituitary through disinhibition (reduction
of inhibition) from a decrease in afferent input from the volume receptors in the left atrium and pulmonary veins.
Statement #3: there is an increase in aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex which increases Na transporters
in the Loops of Henle, distal tubules and collecting ducts increasing water reabsorption.
a. All three statements are true.
b. All three statements are false.
c. Only statements #2 and #3 are true.
d. Only statement #3 is true.
e. Only statements #1 and #3 are true.
29. Statement: Both ADH and aldosterone are secreted with increases in osmolality of the blood.
a. Statement is true.
b. Statement is false.
9
Name: ________________________
30. Statement #1: The countercurrent flow through the vasa recta reduces, compared to a flow-through capillary
system, the rate of washout of the medullary osmotic gradient.
Statement #2: Under conditions where water is conserved, i.e. reduced water excretion, the rate of blood flow
through the vasa recta is increased.
a. Both statements are true.
b. Both statements are false.
c. Only statement #1 is true.
d. Only statement #2 is true.
10
ID: A
101 MT2 Sp06 - Key
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
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D
A
E
A
D
A
D
D
A
C
E
D
A
D
B
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
C
A
A
D
A
A
B
C
1