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Introduction BMGT to Business
Management
Leadership 1
The Nature of Human
Relations
What motivates employees to perform on the job
is the focus of human relations,
The study of the behavior of individuals and groups in
organizational settings
Motivation
The inner drive that directs a persons behavior
toward goals
Morale
An employees attitude toward his or her job,
employer, and colleagues
The Motivation Process
Did You Know?
Absenteeism costs a
typical large company
more than $3 million a
year
Employee Attitudes
Toward Incentives
Motivation
What motivates you to study?
Think of a person who motivated you to
excel at something
What was it about that person that made you
want to excel?
How did they motivate you?
Historical Perspectives
on Employee Motivation
Classical Theory of Motivation
Money is the sole motivator for workers.
The Hawthorne Studies
Productivity increased regardless of the
physical conditions in the workplacesuch as
light and noise levels.
Companies Giving
Employees Incentives to
Improve Productivity
Source: Optimize Magazine Productivity 2004 study, in Marianne Kolbasuk McGee, Behind the Numbers: Employee
Productivity Pays Off for Everyone, Information Week, February 9, 2004, p. 76.
Maslows Hierarchy of
Needs
SelfActualization
Needs
Esteem Needs
Social Needs
Security Needs
Physiological Needs
Source:adaptedfromAbrahamH.Maslow,ATheoryofHumanMotivation,Psychology
Review50(1943):370396.
Herzbergs Two-Factor
Theory
Hygiene Factors
Company policies
Supervision
Working conditions
Salary
Security
Motivational Factors
Achievement
Recognition
The work itself
Responsibility
Advancement
McGregors Theory X
and Theory Y
Theory X
Management view that assumes workers
generally dislike work and must be forced to
do their jobs
Theory Y
Management view that assumes workers like
to work and under proper conditions,
employees will seek responsibility to satisfy
social, esteem, and self-actualization needs
Theory Z
A management philosophy that stresses
employee participation in all aspects of
company decision making
Comparison of American,
Japanese, and Theory Z
Management Styles
Examples of Theory Z
Quality (Quality circles Assurance Teams)
Participative management
Employee involvement
Self-directed work teams
Did You Know?
Theory Z lets employees feel organizational
ownership, which may produce positive attitudinal
and behavioral effects for employees.
Other Motivational
Theories
Equity theory
Dependent on perception
of fairness and equity of
rewards received
Expectancy theory
Dependent on a persons
perceptions of how likely
they are to get something
they want
Strategies for Motivating
Employees
Behavior modification
Job design
Behavior Modification
Changing behavior and
encouraging
appropriate actions by
relating the
consequences to the
behavior itself
Reward
Punishment
Job Design Strategies
Job Rotation
Exposes employees to a variety of tasks as
they move from one job to another
Job Enlargement
Teaches employees new tasks in their
present job
Job Enrichment
Gives employees more control and authority
in their present job, along with additional tasks
Flexible Scheduling
Strategies
Flextime
Compressed work week
Job sharing
Telecommuting
Did You Know?
59% of companies with more than 5000 workers
allow job-sharing.
Source: Jim Owen, In Pursuit of Job Sharing, from http://usatoday.com/careers/features/feat009.htm (accessed June 8,
2001).
Flextime, Showing Core
and Flexible Hours
The Importance of
Motivational Strategies
Fosters employee loyalty
Boosts productivity
Affects all relationships within the
organization
Influences promotion, pay, job design,
training, and reporting relationships
Employees Definitions
of Success
Being trusted to get a job done
91%
Having power to make decisions
81%
Getting raises
74%
Getting promotions
Gaining seniority
Having the power to make decisions
that affect the company
66%
58%
58%
Source: Survey of 2,000 adults by Randstad North America, Atlanta as reported ;in Kemba J. Dunham,
The Jungle/Focus on Recruitment, Pay and Getting Ahead, Wall Street Journal, May 23, 2001, p. B12.
Explore Your Career
Options
What are some of the
considerations that you will
evaluate in deciding where to
take your first job?
How would you go about
assessing offers in Jackson,
Mississippi versus Chicago,
Illinois?