Lecture PowerPoint Outlines prepared by
Dr. Lana Zinger, QCC
CUNY
5
Healthy
Relationships
and Sexuality
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Characterizing and Forming Intimate
Relationships
Intimate Relationships
Behavioral interdependence
Need fulfillment
Emotional attachment
Emotional availability
Need Fulfillment
Intimacy
Social integration
Nurturance
Assistance
Affirmation
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How Intimate Is a Relationship?
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Characterizing and Forming Intimate
Relationships
Being Self-Nurturant
Accountability
Both partners see themselves as responsible for their
own decisions, choices, and actions.
Self-nurturance
Developing individual potential through a balanced and
realistic appreciation of self-worth and ability
Families: The Ties That Bind
Family of origin
The people present in our household our first years of
lifeusually parents and siblings
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Todays Changing Families
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Characterizing and Forming Intimate
Relationships
Establishing Friendships
Relationships are between two
or more people that involve
mutual respect, trust, support
and intimacy that may or may
not include sexual intimacy.
Significant Others, Partners,
and Couples
Fascination
Exclusiveness
Sexual desire
Giving the utmost
Being an advocate or champion
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This Thing Called Love
Theories of Love
Intimacycloseness, sharing, and mutual support
Passionlust, attraction, and sexual arousal
Compassiondecision to be open to love in the short term and
the commitment to the relationship in the long term
There are many different definitions of love. How
would you define it?
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Sternbergs Triangular Theory of Love
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This Thing Called Love
Anthropologist H. Fisher and others theorize love and
attraction based on brain circuitry and chemistry
Imprinting
Attraction
Attachment
Production of a cuddle chemical called oxycontin
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This Thing Called Love
Picking Partners
Proximitybeing in the same place at the same time
Similaritiesopposites attract usually isnt true
Reciprocityreact with mutual regard
Physical attraction
Men tend to be attracted primarily to youth and beauty.
Women tend to be attracted to older mates who are
financially stable.
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Communicating: A Key to Good Relationships
Self-Esteem and Self-Acceptance
Self-concept is the way you define yourself.
Self-esteem is the way you evaluate yourself.
Learning Appropriate Self-Disclosure
Get to know yourself.
Become more accepting of yourself.
Be willing to discuss your sexual history.
Choose a safe context for self disclosure.
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Gender and Health
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Communicating: A Key to Good Relationships
Becoming a Better Listener
We listen best when
we believe that the message is somehow important
and relevant to us
the speaker holds our attention through humor,
dramatic effect, use of media, or other techniques
we are in the mood to listen (free of distractions and
worries)
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Communicating: A Key to Good Relationships
Using Nonverbal Communication
Touch
Gestures
Interpersonal space
Facial expression
Body language
Tone of voice
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Committed Relationships
Marriage
Monogamyexclusive sexual involvement with one partner
Serial monogamya monogamous sexual relationship with
one partner before moving on to the next monogamous
relationship
Open relationshipspartners agree that there may be sexual
involvement for each person outside of the marriage
Cohabitation
A relationship in which two unmarried people live with an
intimate connection together in the same household.
Common-law marriage
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Marital Status of the U.S. Population by Sex
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Greening Your Wedding
More than 2 million couples get married in the United States
every year.
Many wedding service suppliers are providing ecofriendly
products and services.
Print invitations on recycled paper.
Choose rings using recycled metals and stones.
Look for gowns made with organic fabrics and textiles.
Avoid toxic chemicals by using paperless imagery and 100
percent electronic image exchange.
Select flowers grown and harvested organically.
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Committed Relationships
Gay and Lesbian Partnerships
Significant increase in such partnerships in 2000 census
three times the reported number than in the 1990 census
Obtaining the same level of marriage benefits continues to
be a challenge, though some U.S. states now recognize
same-sex marriage along with several countries.
Staying Single
76.4 percent of women aged 20 to 24 have never been
married according to data from 2007.
86.9 percent of men aged 20 to 24 remain unmarried
according to data from 2007.
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ABC News Video: Is There a Gay Gene?
| Is there a Gay Gene?
Discussion Questions
1. Should parents try to find out if their kids are gay early in
life? If parents do find out, what should they do about it?
Do you think it would affect how they raise their children?
2. Stereotypes were used by the parents in the clip to
identify their children as gay early in life; do you think this
is a valid way to identify gay or lesbian children or
adults?
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Confronting Couples Issues
Jealousy in Relationships
Overdependence on the relationship
Severity of the threat of jealousy
High value on sexual exclusivity
Low self-esteem
Fear of losing control
Changing Gender Roles
Our modern society has very few gender-specific roles.
Over time, if couples are unable to communicate how
they feel about gender roles, the relationship may suffer.
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Confronting Couples Issues
Sharing Power
Power dynamics between women and men have shifted.
Successful couples have power relationships that reflect
their unique needs rather than popular stereotypes.
Unmet Expectations
An extension of our values, beliefs, hopes, and dreams
for the future
Partners in healthy relationships can communicate wants
and needs.
What do you look for when picking a partner?
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Having Children Or Not?
Factors to Consider
Relationships change when a couple decides to have
children.
Resources and attention are split.
Existing stressors in a relationship are further accentuated
when parenting is added to existing responsibilities.
Having a child is not a cure for a bad relationship, and
may actually increase stressors on the relationship.
Blended Families
Nearly half a million children each year become part of a
blended family.
Those other than heterosexual couples are now parenting.
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Having Children Or Not?
Common Parenting Styles
Authoritariangiving orders
Permissivegiving in
AssertiveDemocraticgiving choices
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Healthy versus Unhealthy Relationships
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When Relationships Falter
When and Why Relationships End
Illness
Financial concerns
Career problems
Unmet expectations
breakdown
Communication The highest the divorce rate has been in the United
States is 41 percent
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When Relationships Falter
Coping with Failed Relationships
Recognize and acknowledge your feelings.
Find healthful ways to express your emotions.
Spend time with friends, both old and new.
Dont rush into a rebound relationship.
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ABC News Video: Jilted Brides Bounce Back
| Jilted Brides Bounce Back
Discussion Questions
1. Which of the brides do you think had the healthiest
reaction? What do you think is the best way to deal with
a negative event such as being left at the altar?
2. In what ways does communication support a
relationship? What happens when communication falters,
and what are strategies that can be used to overcome
communication problems?
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Your Sexual Identity: More Than Biology
All eggs carry an X chromosome.
Sperm carry an X or a Y chromosome.
Sex hormones play a major role in puberty.
Male hormonetestosterone
Female hormoneestrogen, progesterone
Pituitary glandgonadotropins
Secondary sex characteristics
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Your Sexual Identity: More Than Biology
Sexual Identity
Recognition of oneself as a sexual being; a composite of biological
sex characteristics, gender identity, gender roles and sexual
orientation.
Intersexualitynot exhibiting exclusively male or female primary
and secondary sex characteristics
Gender Identity
The psychological condition of being feminine or masculine as
defined by the society in which one lives
Gender roles
Gender identity
Transgendered
Transsexual
Gender-role stereotyping
Androgyny
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Your Sexual Identity: More Than Biology
Sexual Orientation
A persons enduring emotional, romantic, sexual or
affectionate attraction to other persons
Heterosexual
Homosexual
Bisexual
Sexual Prejudice
Sexual minorities are often targets of hate crimes,
discrimination, and hostility
Why is sexual orientation controversial in our
society?
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Sexual Anatomy and Physiology
Female Sexuality Anatomy and Physiology
External Female Organs
Mons pubispad of fatty tissue covering the pubic bone
Labia majorafolds of skin and erectile tissue that enclose
openings
Labia minorafolds of mucous membrane
Clitorisfemale sexual organ, only known function is
pleasure
Urethral openingurine leaves the body
Hymena thin membrane that may cover the vagina in some
women
Perineumthe area between the vulva and anus
Vaginal openingopening to the vagina
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Sexual Anatomy and Physiology
Female Sexuality Anatomy and Physiology
Internal Female Organs
Vaginaa tubular organ that serves as a passageway from the
uterus to the outside of the female body
Uterus (womb)hollow, muscular, and pear-shaped
The endometriuminner lining of the uterus, either prepares
the uterus for implantation or menstrual flow
Fallopian tubestwo thin tubes where sperm and egg meet
extending from the uterus
Ovariesalmond-sized structures suspended on either side of
the uterus that produce the female hormones
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Female Reproductive System
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Sexual Anatomy and Physiology
The Onset of Puberty and the Menstrual Cycle
Hypothalamus
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Ovaries produce estrogens and progesterone
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Sexual Anatomy and Physiology
Menarche
First menstrual period
Generally starts between ages 9 and 17
Body fat influences onset of puberty.
Menstrual Cycle
Usually 28 days long
Proliferative, secretory, and menstrual phase
Menstrual Problems
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
Dysmenorrhea
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS)
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Hormonal Control and Phases of the Menstrual
Cycle
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Sexual Anatomy and Physiology
Menopause
Permanent cessation of menstruation
Generally occurs between ages 40 and 60
Often accompanied by decreased vaginal lubrication,
hot flashes, headaches, dizziness, and joint pain.
Onset symptoms can be ameliorated by hormone
replacement therapy (HRT)
Results from the Womens Health Initiative (WHI)
suggest that hormone therapy may actually do more
harm than good.
It is important to find a doctor who specializes in
womens health.
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Sexual Anatomy and Physiology
Male Sexual Anatomy and Physiology
External Genitals
Scrotumprotects the testes
Penisdeposits semen
Internal Genitals
Testesmanufacture testosterone
Epididymissperm ripen here
Vas deferensstores and transfers sperm
Ejaculatory ductsthrough which semen is
ejaculated
Urethrapasses sperm and urine
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Male Reproductive System
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Figure 5.8
Sexual Anatomy and Physiology
Accessory Glands
Seminal vesiclesprovide nutrients and fluids to semen
Prostate glandprovide fluids to semen
Cowpers glandssecrete fluid that lubricates the urethra
Circumcision
Surgical removal of a fold of skin covering the end of
the penis known as the foreskin
Decreased risk of urinary tract infections, penile
cancer, and HIV
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Sexual Anatomy and Physiology
Human Sexual Response
Excitement/arousalvasocongestion
Plateau phasenipples and penis erect
Orgasmic phasemuscles contract
Resolution phaseprofound relaxation
Refractory periodgenital organs return to their prearousal states
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Expressing Your Sexuality
Sexual Behavior: What Is Normal?
Coital standard
Orgasmic standard
Two-person standard
Romantic standard
Safer sex standard
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Expressing Your Sexuality
Options for Sexual Expression
Celibacyavoidance or abstention from sex
Autoerotic behaviorssexual fantasy and masturbation
Kissing and erotic touchingerogenous zones
Manual stimulationuse of sex toys
Oral-genital stimulation
Cunnilingusoral stimulation of the females genitals
Fellatiooral stimulation of the males genitals
Vaginal intercourseinsertion of the penis into the vagina
Anal intercourseinsertion of the penis into the anus
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Expressing Your Sexuality
Variant Sexual Expression
Group sex
Transvestism
Fetishism
Exhibitionism
Voyeurism
Sadomasochism
Pedophilia
Autoerotic asphyxiation
How many of these variant behaviors have you
heard of?
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Types of Sexual Dysfunction
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Responsible and Satisfying Sexual Behavior
Good communication as the foundation
Acknowledging that you are a sexual person
Understanding sexual structures and their functions
Accepting and embracing your gender identity and
your sexual orientation
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Drugs and Sex
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Drugs and Sex
Alcohol can inhibit sexual response
Increasing number of young men experimenting with
the recreational use of drugs to treat erectile dysfunction
Viagra
Cialis
Levitra
Date Rape Drugs
Rohypnol (roofies)
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
Ketamine
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