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EXTRACTION OF IRON

Course: CHM CHM2211, Spring 2012
School: Broward College
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Ironisextractedfromitsoxide EXTRACTIONOFIRON INTRODUCTION orecalledHAEMATITE(Fe2O3). PRINCIPLEOFEXTRACTION ExtractionofironisbasedonthereductionofHAEMATITE(Fe 2O3)withcarbon.. DETAILSOFEXTRACTION Theprocessoftheextractionofironiscarriedoutbythefollowingsteps: Concentrationofore CalcinationorRoastingofore Reductionofore Concentrationofore:...

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Ironisextractedfromitsoxide EXTRACTIONOFIRON INTRODUCTION orecalledHAEMATITE(Fe2O3). PRINCIPLEOFEXTRACTION ExtractionofironisbasedonthereductionofHAEMATITE(Fe 2O3)withcarbon.. DETAILSOFEXTRACTION Theprocessoftheextractionofironiscarriedoutbythefollowingsteps: Concentrationofore CalcinationorRoastingofore Reductionofore Concentrationofore: Inthismetallurgicaloperation,theoreisconcentratedbyremovingimpuritieslikesoiletc.The processinvolvesthecrushingandwashingofore. CalcinationorRoastingofore: Theconcentratedoreisnowheatedinthepresenceofair.Theprocessofroastingisperformedto removemoisture,CO2,impuritiesofsulphur,arsenic.Ferrousoxideisalsooxidizedtoferricoxide. Reductionofore Theprocessofreductioniscarriedoutinablastfurnace. BlastFurnace Theblastfurnaceisacylindricaltowerlikestructureabout25mto35mhigh.Ithasanoutershell ofsteel.Insideoffurnaceislinedwithfirebricks.Thetopofthefurnaceisclosedbyacup conefeeder. RUSTING OF IRON Whenironisexposedtoairandmoisture,itssurfacegraduallycorrodedandconvertedintoa brownmass.Thisbrownmassiscalledrustandthisphenomenonisknownasrusting. CAUSEOFRUSTING Therustingofironisduetotheformationofhydratediron(III)oxide(Fe2O3.H2O). NATUREOFRUSTING Rustingisanelectrochemicalprocess.Differentpartsofthesurfaceofironactasacathodeand Fe+2oFe2O3.H2Owhichisknownasrust. ELECTROCHEMICALCHANGES Fe anode.Moistureonthesurfaceofironplaysaroleofelectrolytebetweencathodeandanode. HOWRUSTINGTAKESPLACE AtanodeironisoxidizedtoFe+2ionsandformsprecipitatesofFe(OH)2.Theseprecipitatesarethen oxidizedint + 2eFe+2 + 2OH- Fe(OH)2 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O 4Fe(OH)3 DESCRIBE DIFFERENT METHODS TO PROTECT IRON FROM RUSTING? CATHODEPROTECTION InthismethodanyreactivemetalsuchasMg+2,Zn+2orAl+3whichismorereactivethanFe+2small blocksofanyoftheabovemetalsisconnectedtotheironobjectssuchaspipes,when corrosionstarts,onlymorereactiveelementiscorrodedandironispreventedfromrusting. USEOFOILPAINT Largeobjectssuchasbridgeorshipcanbeprotectedfromrustingbyusingoilpaints. USEOFGREASE Movingpartsofmachineryareprotectedfromrustingbyusinggreaseoroils. GALVANIZINGMETHOD Ironobjectscanbeprotectedbythinlayersofzincfromrusting.Thisprocessiscalled galvanizing. TINNING Inthisprocessathinlayeroftiniscoatedovertheironobject. ELECTROPLATING Wecanprotectrustingofironbyelectroplatingofnickelorchromium. ALLOYFORMATION Ironcanalsobeprotectedfromrustingbyconvertingitintoalloyssuchasstainlesssteel.
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