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Lecture_24
Course: BIS 101, Spring 2010School: UC Davis
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24 Outline Lecture of lecture 24 Chromosome mutations Deletion Duplication Pericentric inversion Meiotic pairing in a heterozygote Paracentric inversion Meiotic pairing in a heterozygote Terminololgy for meiotic pairing configurations Reciprocal translocations Meiotic pairing in a heterozygote Adjacent disjunction Alternate disjunction Glossary Adjacent I disjunction of a quadrivalent...
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24
Outline Lecture of lecture 24
Chromosome mutations
Deletion
Duplication
Pericentric inversion
Meiotic pairing in a heterozygote
Paracentric inversion
Meiotic pairing in a heterozygote
Terminololgy for meiotic pairing configurations
Reciprocal translocations
Meiotic pairing in a heterozygote
Adjacent disjunction
Alternate disjunction
Glossary
Adjacent I disjunction of a quadrivalent resulting from heterozygosity for a balanced
translocation: Homologous centromeres (1 and 1) disjoin (go to the opposite poles) at AI.
Adjacent II disjunction of a quadrivalent resulting from heterozygosity for a balanced
translocation: Homologous centromeres (1 and 1) go to the same pole at AI.
.
Nonhomologous end joining by KU70 and KU80 proteins of breaks in sister chromatids of a
chromosome can result in duplication of chromosome segment B as shown.
Tandem duplications unstable are and revert with a high frequency to the wild type.
.
The physical connection between the internal homologous chromatids of the AI bridge destines
the non-crossovered chromatids to go into the bottom and top cells of the female tetrad. The
bottom cell develops into the egg cell (plants) or egg (animals). The remaining three cells are
non-functional (plants) or are polar bodies (animals). Hence, heterozygosity for paracentric
inversions has little effect on female fertility, except for causing suppression of recombination in
the inverted region. For that reason, paracentric inversions are the most frequent change of gene
order in the chromosomes of related species found on the evolutionary time scale.
.
Another presentation of the scheme above.
The arms in the quadrivalent are held together by chiasmata (symbolized by the faint
crosses between them).
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