(1)
-signal communication by natural selection
ex) cleaner fish, signal = appearance
ex) animal has evolved to try and deceive. fly look like bee
communication (2)
specially designed signals
advantages to the signaler
ex) snapping turtle, communication is manipulation
ex) male frogs calls with high frequencies and so do bats, females prefer more risky are
driving males to risky behavior, handicap principle= male is better more qualifying,
commication = epiphenomenon, arising from interaction from sender and receiver
ritualization:
1. signal conspicuousness stands out
2. stereotypy should happen the same way each time
3. separation from its original function
ex) male ghost claw
- bigger sand pile shows the size of a bigger male probably
ex) Bower Birds
- how does it convey male is good?
- it is difficult to find, and he has to organize them
- honestly shows that :also shows that he can guard his stuff
frequency dependent selection = as cheaters go up,
mularian traders
most useful, is to receiver evolution. and signal to together
ritualization