Ideologies
Lecture Secular 09/04
ILiberalism
A world of Individuals vs. Arbitrary power
1852: monarchies in Europe with exception of Britain
Working class boom in Paris and other parts of Europe
Universal male suffrage
Citizens, not subjects
Pluralism!
New identity formations polarized ideologies: ways of seeing the peripheral world
Civilization was the full development of the individual in a freely entered social contract with
other individuals
Institutionalization of political rights
Protection of individual from political power
Freedom of movement, religion, conscious, association
Ballotsperiodic elections
For liberals, the masses had moved too quickly and violently
Manchester (according to de Tocqueville and Engels)
Tremendous economic power and division of labor
All of the world will be divided. inequality of power
Liberty, Equality, Fraternity (French)
Pax Britannica causes employment issues
Children working in factorieschild labor laws the same year slavery abolished in West
Indies allows them to go to school
What drives people to not be able to control themselves?
Alcohol parents not setting a good example for kids, dads passion for alcohol is greater than
his family
Sexanti-masturbation propaganda (Napoleon)
All about the individual learning to have self-control
Women, by nature, are not rational as as men (seen as nurturer)
Liberals goal: rectify these issues and be rational (this allows more people to be in the political
process), people must think of themselves as self-sufficient individuals
IISocialism
A world of Producers and proprietors vs. Predatory capitalism
You are what you work at
Must overcome inequality and exploitation
1. Organization of labor (hierarchical), not a competitive/free market
2. Create wealth, but also harmony among groups
3. Social workshops by industry (cooperatives)
4. Democratic corporatism
Create cooperatives and prove that they are better than a market driven society, more and more
people will join in
Political action is necessary to transform the whole society at once
Moving from one form of organization to full blown socialism
Communist Manifesto (F. Engels)
More and more people are driven down
Massive redistribution of people
In a sense, the poor inherit the earth by becoming the vast majority
Participating in the liberal world of parliamentary democracy
Socialist Party of Germanylargest socialist organization in Germany
Moving away from agriculture, new ideology Is neededabandoning old ideology (fanaticism,
old regime, monarchies)
All ideologies recognized the accelerated change
Engels: revolution can be seen in stageslike water boiling