Which 1) of the following is true of both starch and cellulose?
A) They are both polymers of glucose.
B) They are both structural components of the plant cell wall.
C) They can both be digested by humans.
D) They are both used for energy storage in plants.
E) They are geometric isomers of each other.
2) The molecular mass of glucose (C6H12O6) is 180 g. To make a 0.5 M solution of glucose, you should do
which of the following?
A) Dissolve 90 g of glucose in water at a nal volume of 1 L.
B) Dissolve 180 g of glucose in 1 L of water.
C) Dissolve 0.5 g of glucose in 1 L of water.
D) Dissolve 180 g of glucose in a small volume of water, and then add more water until the total volume
of the solution is 1 L.
E) Dissolve 0.5 g of glucose in a small volume of water, and then add more water until the total volume
of solution is 1 L.
3) Water's surface tension and heat storage capacity is accounted for by its
A) mass.
B) orbitals.
C) size.
D) weight.
E) hydrogen bonds.
4) Which of the following statements regarding ATP is (are) correct?
A) ATP drives endergonic reactions in the cell by the transfer of the phosphate group to specic reactants.
B) ATP serves as a main energy shuttle inside cells.
C) The regeneration of ATP from ADP and phosphate is an endergonic reaction.
D) A and B only
E) A, B, and C
5) The two strands making up the DNA double helix molecule
A) are held together by hydrogen bonds.
B) are attached through a phosphate to hold the strands together.
C) contain uracil but not thymine.
D) contain ribose and deoxyribose in opposite strands.
E) cannot be separated.
6) A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body uids, distilled
water, equal to the volume of blood lost, is transferred directly into one of his veins. What will be the most
probable result of this transfusion?
A) The patient's red blood cells will swell because the blood uid is hypotonic compared to the cells.
B) The patient's red blood cells will swell because the blood uid is hypertonic compared to the cells.
C) It will have no unfavorable effect as long as the water is free of viruses and bacteria.
D) The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood uid is hypotonic compared to the cells.
E) The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood uid is hypertonic compared to the
cells.
A-1
7) During a laboratory experiment, you discover that an enzyme-catalyzed reaction has a G of -20 kcal/mol.
If you double the amount of enzyme in the reaction, what will be the G for the new reaction?
A) 0 kcal/mol
B) +20 kcal/mol
C) -40 kcal/mol
D) -20 kcal/mol
E) +40 kcal/mol
8) Which functional group is most likely to be responsible for an organic molecule behaving as a base?
A) carbonyl
B) amino
C) hydroxyl
D) phosphate
E) carboxyl
9) Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?
A) rough ER
B) tight junctions
C) Golgi vesicles
D) lysosomes
E) plasmodesmata
10) Which of these structures is unique to plant cells?
A) central vacuole
B) peroxisome
C) nucleoid region
D) mitochondrion
E) agellum
The next questions are based on the following information.
A series of enzymes catalyze the reaction XY Z A. Product A binds to the enzyme that converts X to Y at a position
remote from its active site. This binding decreases the activity of the enzyme.
11) Substance A functions as
A) a coenzyme.
B) an allosteric inhibitor.
C) an intermediate.
D) the substrate.
E) a competitive inhibitor.
12) Some bacteria are metabolically active in hot springs because
A) high temperatures make catalysis unnecessary.
B) their enzymes are insensitive to temperature.
C) they are able to maintain a cooler internal temperature.
D) their enzymes have high optimal temperatures.
E) they use molecules other than proteins as their main catalysts.
A-2
13) The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration gradient with the help
of energy input is
A) exocytosis.
B) facilitated diffusion.
C) osmosis.
D) active transport.
E) diffusion.
14) In the reaction A B + C + heat,
A) entropy has decreased.
B) there is a net input of energy.
C) the potential energy of the products is greater than that of the reactant.
D) the potential energy of the products is the same as that of the reactant.
E) the potential energy of the products is less than that of the reactant.
15) What is the approximate atomic mass of an atom with 16 neutrons, 15 protons, and 15 electrons?
A) 16 daltons
B) 30 daltons
C) 46 daltons
D) 31 daltons
E) 15 daltons
16) Which of the following is reective of the phrase "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts"?
A) reductionism
B) natural selection
C) feedback regulations
D) high-throughput technology
E) emergent properties
Figure 2.1
17) Which drawing depicts an atom with a valence of 3?
18) What would be the pH of a solution with a hydroxide ion [OH-] concentration of 10-12 M?
A) pH 2
B) pH 10
C) pH 14
D) pH 4
E) pH 12
19) Glucose diffuses slowly through articial phospholipid bilayers. The cells lining the small intestine,
however, rapidly move large quantities of glucose from the glucose-rich food into their glucose-poor
cytoplasm. Using this information, which transport mechanism is most probably functioning in the
intestinal cells?
A) phagocytosis
B) exocytosis
C) active transport pumps
D) simple diffusion
E) facilitated diffusion
A-3
20) Compared to 31P, the radioactive isotope 32P has
A) one more neutron.
B) one more proton.
C) a different charge.
D) one more electron.
E) a different atomic number.
21) Which bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein?
A) hydrogen bonds
B) peptide bonds
C) disulde bonds
D) phosphodiester A, bonds
E) B, and C
22) Which of the following types of cells utilize deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their genetic material?
A) archaea
B) plant
C) animal
D) A and B only
E) A, B, and C
23) What is the primary reason for including a control group within the design of an experiment?
A) To demonstrate in what way the experiment was performed incorrectly
B) To test the effect of more than two variables
C) To ensure that the experimenter can perform a more complete statistical analysis
D) To ensure that the results obtained are due to a difference in only one variable
E) To accumulate additional facts that can be reported to other scientists
24) What results from an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms?
A) an ionic bond
B) a hydrogen bond
C) a polar covalent bond
D) a nonpolar covalent bond
E) a hydrophobic interaction
25) The 20 different amino acids found in polypeptides exhibit different chemical and physical properties
because of different
A) asymmetric carbons.
B) side chains (R groups).
C) amino groups attached to an alpha () carbon.
D) alpha () carbons.
E) carboxyl groups attached to an alpha () carbon.
26) Cells can be described as having a cytoskeleton of internal structures that contribute to the shape,
organization, and movement of the cell. All of the following are part of the cytoskeleton except
A) intermediate laments.
B) the nuclear envelope.
C) actin.
D) microtubules.
E) microlaments.
A-4
27) Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?
A) nuclear envelope
B) ER
C) ribosome
D) mitochondrion
E) chloroplast
28) Which of the following is an example of hydrolysis?
A) the reaction of two monosaccharides, forming a disaccharide with the release of water
B) the synthesis of a nucleotide from a phosphate, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base with the
production of a molecule of water
C) the reaction of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty acids with the utilization of water
D) the condensation of two amino acids, forming a peptide with the release of water
E) the reaction of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty acids with the release of water
Figure 4.4
29) What is the name of the functional group shown in Figure 4.4?
A) carbonyl
B) hydroxyl
C) carboxyl
D) ketone
E) aldehyde
The following questions refer to the molecules shown in Figure 4.7.
Figure 4.7
30) Which molecule is water soluble because it has a hydroxyl functional group?
31) An animal cell lacking oligosaccharides on the external surface of its plasma membrane would likely be
impaired in which function?
A) cell-cell recognition
B) maintaining uidity of the phospholipid bilayer
C) attaching to the cytoskeleton
D) establishing the diffusion barrier to charged molecules
E) transporting ions against an electrochemical gradient
A-5
32) Which of the following statements is not representative of the second law of thermodynamics?
A) Every energy transformation by a cell decreases the entropy of the universe.
B) Conversion of energy from one form to another is always accompanied by some loss of free energy.
C) Cells require a constant input of energy to maintain their high level of organization.
D) Without an input of energy, organisms would tend towards increasing entropy.
E) Heat represents a form of energy that cannot be used by most organisms to do work.
33) Which of the following statements best summarizes the structural differences between DNA and RNA?
A) RNA is a protein, whereas DNA is a nucleic acid.
B) DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA nucleotides.
C) DNA is a protein, whereas RNA is a nucleic acid.
D) RNA is a double helix, but DNA is single-stranded.
E) A and D are correct.
The following questions refer to the structures shown in Figure 4.5.
Figure 4.5
34) Which of the structures is an impossible covalently bonded molecule?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
35) Which of the following is a reasonable explanation for why unsaturated fatty acids help keep any membrane
more uid at lower temperatures?
A) The double bonds result in a shorter fatty acid tail.
B) The double bonds form a kink in the fatty acid tail, forcing adjacent lipids to be further apart.
C) The double bonds block interaction among the hydrophilic head groups of the lipids.
D) Unsaturated fatty acids permit more water in the interior of the membrane.
E) Unsaturated fatty acids have a higher cholesterol content.
A-6
Figure 5.3
36) The molecule shown in Figure 5.3 is a(n)
A) polypeptide.
B) triacylglycerol.
C) polysaccharide.
D) unsaturated fatty acid.
E) saturated fatty acid.
37) Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?
A) carbonyl and carboxyl
B) hydroxyl and aldehyde
C) phosphate and sulfhydryl
D) carboxyl and amino
E) ketone and aldehyde
38) Of the following, which is probably the most common route for membrane ow in the endomembrane
system?
A) ER chloroplasts mitochondrion cell membrane
B) tonoplast plasma membrane nuclear envelope smooth ER
C) rough ER vesicles Golgi plasma membrane
D) Golgi lysosome ER plasma membrane
E) nuclear envelope lysosome Golgi plasma membrane
39) A solution of starch at room temperature does not readily decompose to form a solution of simple sugars
because
A) starch hydrolysis is nonspontaneous.
B) the activation energy barrier for this reaction cannot be surmounted.
C) starch cannot be hydrolyzed in the presence of so much water.
D) the hydrolysis of starch to sugar is endergonic.
E) the starch solution has less free energy than the sugar solution.
40) An example of a hydrogen bond is the bond between
A) C and H in methane (CH4).
B) the two hydrogen atoms in a molecule of hydrogen gas (H2).
C) Na+ and Cl- in salt.
D) the H of one water molecule and the O of another water molecule.
E) Mg+ and Cl- in MgCl2.
A-7