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ESF300_Chapter_01_printout
Course: ESF 300, Spring 2012School: SUNY College of...
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is What a GIS? ESF 300 Introduction to Geospatial Information Technologies Different definitions of a GIS have evolved in different areas and disciplines All GIS definitions recognize that spatial data are unique because they are linked to maps (Space matters!) A GIS at least consists of a database, map information, and a computerbased link between them What is a GIS? A Brief History of GIS Various...
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is What a GIS?
ESF 300
Introduction to Geospatial
Information Technologies
Different definitions of a GIS have
evolved in different areas and
disciplines
All GIS definitions recognize that spatial
data are unique because they are linked
to maps (Space matters!)
A GIS at least consists of a database,
map information, and a computerbased link between them
What is a GIS?
A Brief History of GIS
Various definitions found in print:
1) A GIS is a
2) A GIS is an
- both a database system with specific
capabilities for spatially-referenced
data, as well as a set of operations for
working with the data
3) GIS is an
4) GIS is a
GISs origins lie in
Many planners used the method of map
overlay using manual techniques
Manual map overlay as a method was
first described comprehensively by
Jacqueline Tyrwhitt in a 1950 planning
textbook
HcHarg used blacked out transparent
overlays for site selection in Design with
Nature
1
A Brief History of GIS
The 1960s saw many new forms of geographic data and
mapping software
Early systems were CGIS, MLMIS, GRID and LUNR, and
ODESSY (Harvard University)
earliest dealt applications with natural resources
management
Lingered during the 1970s
The 1980s GIS was significantly altered by
(1) the PC and (2) the workstation
new GIS software could better exploit more advanced
hardware
The 1990s User Interface developments led to GIS's
vastly improved ease of use
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Data base (
)
Records (
)
)
Attribute Data (
Spatial Data (
)
Computer a means to use the data
Maps as Numbers
Choice of information required
Choice of recording spatial location
Choice of spatial data representation
(model)
Choice of feature representation
2
Tabular Data
Major GIS Software
ArcGIS (ESRI)
Idrisi (Clark University)
MapInfo (Troy, NY)
ERDAS (Earth Resource Data Analysis
System)
AUTOCAD MAP
TNTmips (MicroImages)
STATE
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
NY
:
COUNTY
Onondaga
Onondaga
Onondaga
Oneida
Oneida
Oneida
:
LAND COVER
Forest
Agriculture
Urban
Forest
Agriculture
Urban
:
COUNTY
Onondaga
Oneida
Acreage
2500
9508
8512
500
10523
4392
:
FOR AGR URB
2500 9508 8512
500 10523 4392
OR
STATE
NY
NY
Data Information
3
4
Source: Merry et al. 2007. J.For. 105:364-370
5
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