8: Chapter The Periodic Table and Some Atomic Properties
9, 14, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33, 34, 45, 46, 49, 50, 74, 75
Exercises
Atomic Radii and Ionic Radii
9.
For each of the following pairs, indicate the atom that has the larger size:
(a) Te or Br;
(b) K or Ca;
(c) Ca or Cs;
(d) N or O;
(e) O or P;
(f) Al or Au.
14. How would you expect the sizes of the hydrogen ion, H +, and the hydride ion, H , to
compare with that of the H atom and the He atom? Explain.
17.
Among the following ions, several pairs are isoelectronic. Identify these pairs.
Fe 2+,
Sc3+,
Ca2+,
F,
Co2+,
Co3+,
Sr2+,
C u+ ,
Zn 2+,
Al3+.
Ionization Energies; Electron Affinities
21. Use principles established in this chapter to arrange the following atoms in order of
increasing value of the first ionization energy: Sr, Cs, S, F, As.
25. How much energy, in kilojoules, is required to remove all the third-shell electrons in a
mole of gaseous silicon atoms? (Hint: You need table 9.4 to solve this problem)
Homework
Chapter 8
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29. The Na+ ion and the Ne atom are isoelectronic. The ease of loss of an electron by gaseous
Ne atom, I1, has a value of 2081 kJ/mol. The ease of loss of an electron from a gaseous Na+ ion,
I2, has a value of 4562 kJ/mol. Why are these values not the same?
(Why is the ionization energy larger for Na+ than for Ne?)
Magnetic Properties
33. Unpaired electrons are found in only one of the following species. Indicate which one,
and explain why:
F , Ca 2+, Fe2+, S2.
34. Which of the following species has the greatest number of unpaired electrons
(a) Ge;
(b) Cl;
(c)Cr3+,
(d)Br ?
Predictions Based on the Periodic Table
45. Match each of the lettered items on the [bottom] with an appropriate numbered on
the item [top]. All the numbered items should be used, and some more than once.
1.
2.
3.
4.
two unpaired p electrons
diamagnetic
more negative electron affinity than elements on either side of it in the same period
first ionization energy lower than that of Ca but greater than that of Cs
(a) Z = 32
(b) Z = 8
(c) Z = 53
(d) Z = 38
(e) Z = 48
(f) Z = 20
Homework
Chapter 8
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46. Match each of the lettered items in the column on the [bottom] with the most appropriate
numbered item(s) in the column on the [top]. Some of the numbered items may be used more
than once and some not at all.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
an alkaline earth metal
element in period 5 and group 15
largest atomic radius of all the elements
an element in period 4 and group 16
3d8
one p electron in the shell of highest n
lowest ionization energy of all the elements
an f-block element
(a) Tl
(b) Z = 70
(c) Ni
(d) [Ar]4s2
(e) a metalloid
(f) a nonmetal
Integrative and Advanced Exercises
49.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Complete and balance the following equations. If no reaction occurs, so state.
Homework
50.
Chapter 8
Write balanced equations to represent
(a) the displacement of a halide anion from aqueous solution by liquid bromine;
(b) the reaction with water of an alkali metal with Z > 50;
(c) the reaction of tetraphosphorus decoxide with water;
(d) the reaction of aluminum oxide with aqueous sulfuric acid.
Self-assessment Exercises
74.
In your own words, defined the following terms:
a) Isoelectronic
b) Valence-shell electrons
c) Metal
d) Non-metal
e) Metalloid
75.
Briefly describe each of the following ideas or phenomena:
a) The periodic law
b) Ionization energy
c) Electron affinity
d) Paramagnetism
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