2INTRODUCTION CHAPTER TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND
OTHER FINANCIAL REPORTING TOPICS
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. At the end of the fiscal year, an adjusting entry is made that increases both interest expense and
interest payable. This entry is an application for which accounting principle?
a. full disclosure
b. materiality
c. matching
d. going concern
e. realization
ANS: C
PTS: 1
2. Who is responsible for the preparation and integrity of financial statements?
a. a cost accountant
b. management
c. an auditor
d. a bookkeeper
e. the FASB
ANS: B
PTS: 1
3. Which of the following is not an objective of the SEC's integrated disclosure system?
a. to coordinate the Form 10-K requirements with those of the annual report
b. to lessen the impact of the FASB
c. to expand the management discussion of liquidity, capital resources, and results of
operations
d. to improve the quality of disclosure
e. to standardize information requirements
ANS: B
PTS: 1
4. Which of the following is not a type of audit opinion?
a. unqualified opinion
b. qualified opinion
c. adverse opinion
d. clean opinion
e. disclaimer of opinion
ANS: D
PTS: 1
2-1
5. Which of the following statements is not true?
a. A qualified opinion or an adverse opinion may bring into question the reliability of the
financial statements.
b. A disclaimer of opinion indicates that one should not look to the auditor's report as an
indication of the reliability of the statements.
c. In some cases, outside accountants are associated with financial statements when they
have performed less than an audit.
d. A review is substantially less in scope than an examination in accordance with generally
accepted auditing statements.
e. The accountant's report expresses an opinion on reviewed financial statements.
ANS: E
PTS: 1
6. In addition to the balance sheet, the income statement, and the statement of cash flows, a complete set
of financial statements must include:
a. an auditor's opinion
b. a ten-year summary of operations
c. a note disclosure of such items as accounting policies
d. historical common-size (percentage) summaries
e. a list of corporate officers
ANS: C
PTS: 1
7. Which of the following statements is not correct concerning summary annual reports?
a. A summary annual report omits much of the financial information included in an annual
report.
b. When a company issues a summary annual report, the proxy materials it sends to
shareholders must include a set of fully audited statements and other required financial
disclosures.
c. A summary annual report generally has more nonfinancial pages than financial pages.
d. A summary annual report is adequate for reasonable analysis.
e. The concept of a summary annual report was approved by the Securities and Exchange
Commission.
ANS: D
PTS: 1
8. Which of the following would not be considered a subsequent event?
a. A major customer declares bankruptcy subsequent to the balance sheet date but prior to
issuing the statements. This event was not considered on the balance sheet date.
b. A major purchase of a subsidiary subsequent to the balance sheet date but prior to issuing
the statements.
c. Substantial debt incurred subsequent to the balance sheet date but prior to issuing the
statements.
d. Substantial stock issued subsequent to the balance sheet date but prior to issuing the
statements.
e. Hiring of employees for a new store, subsequent to the balance sheet date but prior to
issuing the statements.
ANS: E
PTS: 1
2-2
9. Which of these statements is not true?
a. Transactions must be recorded in a journal.
b. All transactions could be recorded in the general journal.
c. Companies use a number of special journals to record most transactions.
d. Special journals are designed to improve record- keeping efficiency.
e. The form of the journals are the same from industry to industry.
ANS: E
PTS: 1
10. Which of these statements is not true?
a. Asset, liability, and stockholders' equity accounts are referred to as permanent accounts.
b. Revenue, expense, and dividend accounts are described as temporary accounts.
c. Temporary accounts are closed at the end of the period to retained earnings.
d. The balance sheet will not balance until the temporary accounts are closed to retained
earnings.
e. With double-entry, each transaction is recorded twice.
ANS: E
PTS: 1
11. Which of the following is a type of audit opinion that a firm would usually prefer?
a. unqualified opinion
b. qualified opinion
c. adverse opinion
d. clear opinion
e. none of the answers are correct
ANS: A
PTS: 1
12. Which of the following is a permanent account?
a. dividends
b. advertising expense
c. building
d. selling expense
e. insurance expense
ANS: C
PTS: 1
13. Which of the following is a temporary account?
a. advertising expense
b. land
c. building
d. accounts payable
e. bonds payable
ANS: A
PTS: 1
14. In terms of debits and credits, which of the following accounts have the same normal balances?
a. accounts payable, accounts receivable, notes payable
b. dividends, accounts receivable, notes payable
c. advertising expense, selling expense, accounts receivable
d. land, building, accounts payable
e. common stock, notes payable, land
ANS: C
PTS: 1
2-3
15. If liabilities total $70,000 and stockholders' equity totals $50,000, then total assets must be:
a. $20,000
b. $80,000
c. $120,000
d. $30,000
e. $30,000
ANS: C
PTS: 1
16. Tiffin Company had retained earnings of $50,000 at the end of last year. For the current year, income
was $20,000 and dividends $15,000. What is the balance in retained earnings at the end of the current
year?
a. $85,000
b. $45,000
c. $55,000
d. $60,000
e. none of the answers are correct
ANS: C
PTS: 1
17. Smith Company had retained earnings of $60,000 at the end of the current year. For the current year,
income was $30,000 and dividends $10,000. What was the balance in retained earnings at the end of
the prior year?
a. $30,000
b. $40,000
c. $60,000
d. $30,000
e. $70,000
ANS: B
PTS: 1
18. Which of the following is not a true statement relating to the Treadway Commission?
a. The Treadway Commission is the popular name for the National Commission on
Fraudulent Reporting.
b. The Treadway Commission has released reports detailing internal control systems.
c. Managements Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting and the independent
public accounting firm report to the shareholders and board of directors often refer to
criteria established on internal control by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of
the Treadway Commission (COSO).
d. The Treadway Commission has issued a number of recommendations for the prevention of
fraud on financial reports, ethics, and effective internal controls.
e. The Treadway Commission is a voluntary private-sector organization formed to support
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
ANS: E
PTS: 1
TRUE/FALSE
1. Subsequent events are those that occur after the balance sheet date but before the statements are issued.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
2-4
2. A disclaimer of opinion is necessary when the exceptions to fair presentation are so material that a
qualified opinion is not justified.
ANS: F
PTS: 1
3. The responsibility for the preparation and integrity of financial statements rests with management.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
4. The assets for the balance sheet must equal the liabilities and stockholders equity.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
5. The retained earnings account is the link between the balance sheet and the statement of cash flows.
ANS: F
PTS: 1
6. A summary annual report is a condensed annual report that omits much of the financial information
included in a typical annual report.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
7. A sole proprietorship is a legal entity separate from its owner.
ANS: F
PTS: 1
8. A partnership is a business owned by two or more individuals. Each owner is personally responsible
for the debts of the partnership.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
9. A corporation is considered to be a legal entity separate and distinct from the stockholders.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
10. The principal financial statements of a corporation are the balance sheet, income statement, and
statement of cash flows.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
11. A balance sheet shows the financial condition of an accounting entity for a particular period of time.
ANS: F
PTS: 1
12. At any point in time, assets must equal the contribution of the creditors only.
ANS: F
PTS: 1
13. The income statement is a summary of revenues and expenses and gains and losses, ending with net
income, for a particular period of time.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
2-5
14. Retained earnings always shows a positive balance.
ANS: F
PTS: 1
15. The statement of retained earnings reconciles the beginning retained earnings balance to the retained
earnings balance at the end of the current period.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
16. The statement of cash flows consists of two sections: cash flows from operating activities and cash
flows from financing activities.
ANS: F
PTS: 1
17. Contingent liabilities are recorded as a liability only if the loss is considered substantial and the
amount is reasonably determinable.
ANS: F
PTS: 1
18. The sequence of accounting procedures completed during each accounting period is called the
accounting cycle.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
19. Transactions must be external to the company.
ANS: F
PTS: 1
20. Accounts store the monetary information from the recording of transactions.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
21. T-accounts have a left, or credit, side and a right, or debit, side.
ANS: F
PTS: 1
22. Several accounts could be involved in a single transaction, but the debits and credits must still be
equal.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
23. After posting, the general ledger accounts contain the same information as in the journals, but the
information has been summarized by account.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
24. The point of cash receipt for revenue and cash disbursement for expenses is important under the
accrual basis when determining income.
ANS: F
PTS: 1
2-6
25. The accrual basis needs numerous adjustments at the end of the accounting period.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
26. An adverse opinion states that, except for the effects of the matter(s) to which the qualification relates,
the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position, results of
operations, and cash flows of the entity in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.
ANS: F
PTS: 1
27. From the point of view of analysis, the unqualified opinion without an explanatory paragraph or
explanatory language carries the highest degree of reliability.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
28. One is unlikely to regard a qualified opinion or an adverse opinion as casting serious doubts on the
reliability of the financial statements.
ANS: F
PTS: 1
29. A review has substantially less scope than an examination in accordance with generally accepted
auditing standards.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
30. The accountant's report expresses an opinion on reviewed financial statements.
ANS: F
PTS: 1
31. Sometimes financial statements are presented without an accompanying accountant's report.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
32. The responsibility for the preparation and integrity of financial statements rests with the auditors.
ANS: F
PTS: 1
33. The proxy is the solicitation sent to stockholders for the election of directors and for the approval of
other corporation actions.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
34. In practice, some of the required information in the 10-K is incorporated by reference.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
35. A summary annual report generally has more nonfinancial pages than financial pages.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
36. Accepted accounting principles leave ample room for arriving at different results in the short run.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
2-7
37. Ethics can be a particular problem with financial reports.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
38. With the expansion of international business and global capital markets, the business community and
governments have shown a decreased interest in the harmonization of international accounting
standards.
ANS: F
PTS: 1
39. The IASC does not have authority to enforce its standards, but these standards have been adopted in
whole or in part by many countries.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
40. Domestic accounting standards have developed to meet the needs of international environments.
ANS: F
PTS: 1
41. It is generally recognized that the market is more efficient when dealing with small firms that are not
trading on large organized stock markets.
ANS: F
PTS: 1
42. The market will not be efficient if it does have not access to relevant information or if fraudulent
information is provided.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
43. For consolidated statements, all transactions between entities being consolidated (i.e., intercompany
transactions) must be eliminated.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
44. The financial statements of the parent and the subsidiary are consolidated for all subsidiaries unless
control is temporary or does not rest with the majority.
ANS: F
PTS: 1
45. When a subsidiary is not consolidated, it is accounted for as an investment on the parent's balance
sheet.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
46. There are three methods of accounting for a business combination.
ANS: F
PTS: 1
47. Accounting for a business combination must be accounted for using the purchase method.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
2-8
48. For a business combination, the purchase method views the business combination as the acquisition of
one entity by another. The firm doing the acquiring records the identifiable assets and liabilities at fair
value at the date of acquisition.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
49. The efficient market hypothesis (EMH) relates to the ability of capital markets to generate prices for
securities that reflect worth.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
50. The auditor will issue a qualified opinion when he/she has not performed an audit sufficient in scope to
form an opinion.
ANS: F
PTS: 1
51. The audit opinion of a public company is similar to an opinion for a private company except for the
public company comments will be added as to the effectiveness of internal control over financial
reporting.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
52. For public companies reporting under Sarbanes-Oxley, the auditor reports on the firms internal
controls in addition to the audit report.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
53. For public companies reporting to the SEC, the 10-K, 10-Q, 8-K, and proxy can be found at
http://www.sec.gov.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
54. Most companies consolidate the parents and subsidiarys accounts summed.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
55. A company must have majority voting shares of the other company in order to consolidate.
ANS: F
PTS: 1
56. For consolidating, the FASB recognizes risks, rewards, decision-making ability and the primary
beneficiary.
ANS: T
PTS: 1
2-9
PROBLEMS
1. The following are selected accounts and account balances of Gorr Company on December 31:
Normal
Inventory
Land
Wages Payable
Capital Stock
Retained Earnings
Revenues
Dividends
Advertising Expense
Permanent (P)
or Temporary (T)
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
Balance
Dr. (Cr.)
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
Required:
a. Indicate whether the account is a permanent (P) or temporary (T) account.
b. Indicate the normal balance in terms of debit (Dr.) or credit (Cr.).
ANS:
Normal
Inventory
Land
Wages Payable
Capital Stock
Retained Earnings
Revenues
Dividends
Advertising Expense
Permanent (P)
or Temporary (T)
P
P
P
P
P
T
T
T
PTS: 1
2-10
Balance
Dr. (Cr.)
Dr.
Dr.
Cr.
Cr.
Cr.
Cr.
Dr.
Dr.
2. Listed below are several accounts or statement categories.
Balance Sheet (BS)
Income Statement (IS)
Statement of Cash Flows (SCF)
Account or Statement Category
Accounts Receivable
Inventory
Prepaid Insurance
Sales
Cost of Goods Sold
Cash Flow from Investing Activities
Notes Payable
Interest Expense
Tax Expense
Taxes Payable
Administrative Expense
Current Assets
Advertising Expense
Cash Flow from Financing Activities
Required:
In the space provided, indicate the financial statement as balance sheet (BS), income statement (IS), or
statement of cash flows (SCF).
ANS:
Balance Sheet (BS)
Income Statement (IS)
Statement of Cash Flows (SCF)
BS
BS
BS
IS
IS
SCF
BS
IS
IS
BS
IS
BS
IS
SCF
Account or Statement Category
Accounts Receivable
Inventory
Prepaid Insurance
Sales
Cost of Goods Sold
Cash Flow from Investing Activities
Notes Payable
Interest Expense
Tax Expense
Taxes Payable
Administrative Expense
Current Assets
Advertising Expense
Cash Flow from Financing Activities
PTS: 1
2-11
3. Below is a list of auditor's reports as well as a list of phrases describing the reports.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
adverse
unqualified
qualified
reviewed
disclaimer
compiled
_____ 1. Presentation of financial information as presented by management
_____ 2. This opinion states that except for the effects of the matter(s) to which the
qualification relates, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects,
the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows of entity in conformity
with generally accepted accounting principles.
_____ 3. This opinion states that the financial statements do not present fairly the financial
position, results of operations, and cash flows of the entity in conformity with
generally accepted accounting principles.
_____ 4. Consists principally of inquiries made to company personnel and analytical
procedures applied to financial data.
_____ 5. The auditor does not express an opinion on the financial statements.
_____ 6. This opinion states that the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects,
the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows of the entity in conformity
with generally accepted accounting principles.
Required:
In the space provided, place the appropriate letter identifying each type of auditor's report.
ANS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
f
c
a
d
e
b
PTS: 1
2-12
4. Listed below is information related to several adjusting entry situations. Assume that the accounting
year ends on December 31.
1. $3,000 paid for insurance on October 1 for a one-year period (October 1 - September 30).
This transaction was recorded as a debit to prepaid insurance ($3,000) and a credit to cash
($3,000).
2. Interest on bonds payable in the amount of $500 has not been recorded at December 31.
3. Rent expense in the amount of $1,200 was paid on November 1. This transaction was
recorded as a debit to rent expense ($1,200) and a credit to cash ($1,200). This rent payment
was for the period November 1 to January 31.
Required:
Record the original entries and the adjusting entries using T-accounts.
ANS:
Prepaid Insurance
10-1
3,000
12-31
Cash
750
10-1
11-1
Insurance Expense
12-31
Interest Expense
750
12-31
500
12-31
400
Interest Payable
12-31
Prepaid Rent
500
Rent Expense
11-1
1,200
12-31
400
PTS: 1
2-13
3,000
1,200
5. Listed below is information related to several entry situations. Assume that the accounting year ends
on December 31.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The company acquired land for $100,000 issuing a note payable.
Equipment is acquired for $30,000 cash.
Memberships were sold for $20,000, accepting accounts receivables.
Salaries of $15,000 were paid in cash.
Utilities were paid in cash in the amount of $5,000.
Required:
Record these entries using T-accounts. Use the number of the transaction in lieu of a date for
identification purposes.
ANS:
Land
(1)
(2)
Notes Payable
100,000
(1)
30,000
Equipment
Cash
(2)
(4)
(5)
Membership Revenue
(3)
20,000
Accounts Receivable
(3)
Salaries
(4)
15,000
(5)
100,000
5,000
Utilities
PTS: 1
2-14
20,000
30,000
15,000
5,000
6. Monroe Company recorded these transactions during the year. Monroe Company has an accounting
year-end of December 31.
1. An insurance policy was recorded on July 1 in the amount of $5,000, recorded as prepaid
insurance. The policy provides liability protection for a one-year period.
2. Monroe Company rents property for $1,000 per month. Rent revenue has not been received
for December.
3. Income taxes of $8,000 need to be recorded for December.
4. A promissory note payable of $10,000 was recorded on October 1. At December 31, interest
payable of $200 was owed.
5. At December 31, salary expense of $800 was payable.
Required:
Record the adjusting entries at December 31 using T accounts. Use the number of the transaction in
lieu of a date for identification purposes.
ANS:
Prepaid Insurance
(1)
Insurance Expense
2,500
(1)
Rent Receivable
(2)
2,500
Rent Revenue
1,000
(2)
Income Taxes Payable
(3)
Income Tax Expense
8,000
(3)
8,000
200
(4)
200
800
(5)
800
Interest Payable
(4)
Interest Expense
Salary Payable
(5)
Salary Expense
PTS: 1
2-15
1,000
7. Danner Company reported the following amounts in its 2006 annual report.
Net income for 2006
Dividends declared and paid in 2006
Retained earnings, December 31, 2005
Retained earnings, December 31, 2006
$ 8,450
?
82,000
90,000
Required:
Solve for dividends declared and paid in 2006 and prepare a statement of retained earnings for Danner
Company for the year ended December 31, 2006. (Include the proper heading.)
ANS:
Danner Company
Statement of Retained Earnings
For the Year Ended December 31, 2006
$82,000
Retained earnings, December 31, 2005
8,450
Net income for 2006
450
Less dividends declared and paid in 2006
$90,000
Retained earnings, December 31, 2006
PTS: 1
8. Users of financial reports rely on those reports to aid them in making decisions.
Required:
Determine the financial statement where the user would most likely find the answer to the question.
Select between the income statement, balance sheet, and statement of stockholders' equity.
a. User:
Management
Question: How did selling expense compare to that of last year?
b. User:
Supplier of inventory
Question: How much does the company currently owe in accounts payable?
c. User:
Banker
Question: How much debt does the company have on its books?
d. User:
Stockholder
Question: How much did the company pay in dividends this past year?
ANS:
a.
b.
c.
d.
income statement
balance sheet
balance sheet
statement of stockholders' equity
PTS: 1
2-16
9. Dorset Company began the year with total assets of $400,000 and total liabilities of $300,000.
Required:
Using this information and the accounting equation, answer each of the following independent
questions.
a. What was Dorset's stockholders' equity at the beginning of the year?
b. Assuming Dorset Companys assets increased by $50,000 and its total liabilities increased by
$30,000 during the year, what would be the amount of stockholders' equity at the end of the
year?
c. Assuming Dorset's total assets increased to $500,000 and its stockholders equity increased
to $150,000, what would be the amount of total liabilities at the end of the year?
ANS:
a. $100,000
b. $120,000
c. $350,000
PTS: 1
10. Listed below is information related to the accounts of Jasper Company.
Case 1
Total assets, end of period
Total liabilities, end of period
Common stock, end of period
Retained earnings, beginning of period
Net income for the period
Dividends for the period
$60,000
_______
20,000
25,000
10,000
3,000
Case 2
Required:
Fill in the blank with the appropriate dollar amount.
ANS:
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
Total liabilities, end of period
Total assets, end of period
Net income for the period
$ 8,000
$65,000
$ 9,000
PTS: 1
2-17
Case 3
$______
$90,000
20,000 30,000
25,000
25,000
20,000
30,000
5,000
_______
5,000
4,000
11. Listed below are several terms related to financial statements.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
income statements
notes
balance sheet
statement of cash flows
statement of retained earnings (reconciliation of retained earnings)
Required:
Match the letter that goes with each term.
_____ 1.
_____ 2.
_____ 3.
_____ 4.
_____ 5.
Shows the financial condition of an accounting entity as of a particular date.
Details the inflows and outflows of cash during a specified period of time.
Summarizes the results of operations for a particular period of time.
Links the balance sheet to the income statement.
Used to present additional information on items included in the financial statements
and to present additional financial information.
ANS:
1. c
2. d
3. a
4. e
5. b
PTS: 1
12. Consider the rules for increasing and decreasing the various types of accounts, as listed below.
Type of Account
Asset
Liability
Owner's equity
Revenue
Expense
Dividends
Debit
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
Credit
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
Required:
Indicate increase or decrease following the debit and credit rules for the type of account.
ANS:
Type of Account
Asset
Liability
Owner's equity
Revenue
Expense
Dividends
Debit
Increase
Decrease
Decrease
Decrease
Increase
Increase
Credit
Decrease
Increase
Increase
Increase
Decrease
Decrease
PTS: 1
2-18