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Neurobio Discussion

Course: PSYCH 115, Winter 2012
School: UCLA
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always()comparedtotheoutsideofthecellwhenatrest. K+hasfreepassagein&outofcellsAnionscannotleavecellduetosizeNa+ NeurobiologyDiscussionNotes 00:04 ReviewFromFirstdiscussion:BasicNeu roa natomicalpositions: 2ndDiscussion: Diffusion&ElectrostaticgradientcontrolmovementofionsTheinsideofacellis channelsarenotopen,unlessmitigatedbyachangeinvoltage(depolarization) Howdoyougetactivitytooccurinthesystem???? CholenergicEPSPGabanergicIPSP(wouldcanceleachotherout) Needaninitialchangeof+15mVtogetanAP(EPSPsthatdepolarizethecellby +15mV) OnceThresholdisreached,thesignalisNOLongerGradedAPsareAllorNothing! Typesofchannels EachstepRestartsthewholesystemofbringingNa+intotheaxonUnlessits myelinatedPreventsleakageofNa+&causesrapidmovementofsignaldownthe axonAPonlyneededateachNodeofRanvier Actionataxonterminal&inthesynapse ACthReceptorsIonotropic&Metabotropic(Gprotien) Discussion#3 3/21/1210:36AM NEUROTRANSMITTERS A. Ach 1. Origin:BasalForebrain,pudunculopontinenucleus 2. Target:Cortex,hippocampus,amygdala,cerebellum 3. Function:NeuromuscularJunction(movement),Attention!,learning,& memory 4. Synthesis:Choline+AcetylCoenzymeAEnzyme:Choline acetyltransferaseAch 5. Termination:AchEnzyme:Acetylcholinesterase B. Dopamine(Cortical) 1. Origin:VentralTegmentalArea(VTA) 2. Target:Cortex,LimbicSystem 3. Function:AnticipationofRewardandpleasure 4. Disease:Addictions(drug,sex,gambling) 5. Synthesis:TyrosineEnzyme:TyrosineHydroxlaseDOPAEnzyme: DOPAdecarboxylaseDopamine 6. Termination:Reuptake,MAO(oxidizesintoDOPAC),COMT(Omethylatedin MT)OUTCOMEofoxidationormethylation=HVA(homovanillicacid) C. Dopamine(Nigrostriatal) 1. Orgin:SubstantiaNigra 2. Target:Striatum(BasalGanglia) 3. Function:Initiationofmotormovement 4. Disease:Huntingtons(breakdownofcellsinbasalganglialoseabilityto Stopmovement)andParkinsons(damagetosubstantianigra,decreasein movement)Lateron,bothhavealotofoverlap 5. Synthesis:Sameasabove 6. Termination:Sameasabove D. Norepinephrine 1. Origin:LocusCoereleus 2. Target:Cortex,Thalamus,cerebellum,limbicsystem,spinalcord 3. Function:Wakefulness,sexualbehavior,mood Discussion#3 3/21/1210:36AM 4. Synthesis:DopamineEnzyme:DopamineBetaHydroxylase Norepinephrine 6. Disease:Mooddisorders 5. Termination:MAODOMAVMAORCOMTNMVMA (Vanllylmandelicacid) E. 5Hydroxytryptomine(5HT) 1. Origin:RapheNucleus 2. Target:Allovercortexandsubcortex 3. Function:Mood,wakefulness,sexualarousal,sleep 4. Disease:Depression,anxiety,OCD 5. Synthesis:TryptphanEnzyme:TryptophanHydroxylase5HTP Enzyme:5HTPdecarboxylase5HT 6. Termination:MAO5HIAA(peeitout) F. GABAAlwaysInhibitory G. GlutamateAlwaysExcitatory 2/27 LOOKINBOOKPage229!!Memorize TRANSDUCTION 1. Unencapsulated a. FreeNerveEndings a.i. PainSensation(nociception)!Temperature&touch a.ii. Verysmallreceptivefield a.iii. Tonic(slowadapting)willstillkeephurtingorburning Discussion#3 3/21/1210:36AM b. MerkelsDiscs b.i. Detectborders(fineborders)basictouchsensation b.ii. Smallreceptivefield b.iii. Tonic(slowadapting) c. HairFollicle(perifollicularterminal) c.i. Touchofthehair c.ii. Mediumreceptivefield c.iii. Phasic(fastadapting) 2. Encapsulated a. MeisnersCorpusclehairlessareas(hands,bottomoffeet) a.i. Deeperdetecttouchandborders a.ii. Smallreceptivefield a.iii. Veryfastadaptive(Phasic) b. PascinianCorpuscle b.i. Detectvibration b.ii. VeryLargeReceptiveField b.iii. Fastadapting(Phasic)needschangetokeepactivatingit c. RuffinisEndingssimilartomusclespindles c.i. Detectstretch c.ii. Largereceptivefield c.iii. Slowadapting(Tonic) DECUSSATIONS: 1. VISUAL:OpticChiasmopticnervebecomesoptictract 2. AUDITORY:BrainstemCochlearNucleussuperiorolivarynucleus 3. SOMATOSENSATION:Medullaafternucleusfasciculus&nucleuscuveavus calledmediallemniscusafteracross 4. TASTE+OLFACTION:stayipsilateralolfactionistheonlyonethatdoesntgo throughthethalamus 3/5/12 Stimulus(Lights:photons)receptororgan(eye:retina)receptorcell(rods/cones bipolar&ganglion)primarysensorycortex(VI,striatecortexonlyknowedges& whattypeofconeisactive)higherorderprocessing(V2V5shapes,color, identificationofitems) Foveamajorityofconesgiveprecisedetail Peripheralvisionallrodscannotseecolor Dorsal&ventralStreams 00:04

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