36 Chapter Population Ecology
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. Ecology is best defined as the study of:
A. The rate of population change
B. Populations
C. How populations are restricted by environmental resistance
D. Organisms as they interact with other organisms and their physical surrounding
E. Population increases and decreases
2. If you were studying the place where an organism lives, you would be studying its:
A. Population
B. Biosphere
C. Community
D. Ecosystem
E. Habitat
3. All members of the same species that inhabit a particular area are termed a(n):
A. Niche
B. Biosphere
C. Ecosystem
D. Community
E. Population
4. A number of populations of different species interacting with one another is called:
A. Competition
B. A community
C. Predation
D. An ecosystem
E. Symbiosis
5. The nonliving resources in the environment are referred to as abiotic.
True False
6. An ecosystem contains:
A. Only the food relationships found in an environment
B. Only the energy flow components of the environment
C. Only the abiotic components of the environment
D. Only the biotic components of the environment
E. Both the living and the abiotic components of the environment
7. If you were writing a paper on the relatively thin layer on the earth's surface where life is possible, your
paper would be titled:
A. A biome
B. The lithosphere
C. The biosphere
D. A biopreserve
E. The ecosystem
8. All the creatures in your front yard represents a(n) __________ while the grasshoppers represent a(n)
_____________.
A. Population; community
B. Community; population
C. Ecosystem; habitat
D. Ecosystem; population
E. Population; ecosystem
9. A biologist is counting the number of individuals of a population per unit area. She is trying to determine the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Population density
Population distribution
Population capacity
Population frequency
Population potential
10. The pattern of dispersal of individuals across an area is referred to as:
A. Population density
B. Population potential
C. Population frequency
D. Population capacity
E. Population distribution
11. The environmental aspects that determine where specific organisms live are called the:
A. Biotic factors
B. Density-dependent factors
C. Limiting factors
D. Life history factors
E. Density-independent factors
12. Which of the following is not a type of distribution pattern found in organisms?
A. Clumped
B. Equilibrium
C. Uniform
D. Random
E. All are patterns of distribution
13. Which of the following is not a factor in calculating a population's annual growth rate?
A. Emigration
B. Immigration
C. The number of individuals born
D. The number of individuals that die
E. Carrying capacity
14. If you were studying the maximum rate of natural increase of a population that can occur under ideal
conditions, what would you would be studying?
A. Biotic potential
B. Steady state
C. Population growth
D. Environmental resistance
E. Carrying capacity
15. Which of the following is not a factor which affects biotic potential?
A. Usual number of offspring per reproduction
B. How many different mates each individual has
C. Age at which reproduction begins
D. How often each individual reproduces
E. Changes of survival until age of reproduction
16. The term used to describe population members that are the same age and have the same chances of
surviving is:
A. A population
B. A family
C. Biotic potential
D. A metapopulation
E. A cohort
17. Which of the following describes a type II survivorship curve (drawn by plotting the number of individuals
in a given population alive at the beginning of each interval)?
A. Most individuals die of old age
B. Many individuals die early in life
C. Most individuals die early in life and of old age
D. Individuals die at a constant rate throughout time
E. Most individuals die during their reproductive years
18. A biologist is studying organisms which tend to exhibit a type I survivorship curve. Based on this
information you would conclude that he or she is studying which type of organism?
A. Large mammals
B. Insects
C. Oysters
D. Bacteria
E. Hydras
19. Age structure diagrams with a broad base suggest:
A. The population will continue to grow for some time
B. The population is shrinking
C. Environmental resistance is not at work
D. The biotic potential must be larger than usual
E. The individuals must be larger than usual
20. The age distribution of a stable population is:
A. Unequal, with more people in the prereproductive ages
B. Relatively equal in all ages
C. Unequal, with more people in the postreproductive and prereproductive ages
D. Unequal, with more people in the reproductive ages
E. Unequal, with more people in the postreproductive ages
21. A population with a rapidly expanding exponential growth would best be represented by a graph with a(n)
______-shaped curve.
A. S
B. Bell
C. J
D. Pyramid
E. Urn
22. If you were studying the phases of the logistic curve, which of the following would not be included in your
studies?
A. The exponential growth phase
B. The biotic potential phase
C. The deceleration phase
D. The stable equilibrium phase
E. The lag phase
23. Population size is believed to level off at the ________ of an environment.
A. Steady state
B. Population growth
C. Carrying capacity
D. Biotic potential
E. Environmental resistance
24. The maximum population that the environment can support for an indefinite period of time is called the:
A. Carrying capacity
B. Demographic transition
C. Biotic potential
D. Environmental resistance
E. Replacement reproduction
25. In logistic growth, the exponential growth phase is growing due to the biotic potential.
True False
26. This figure shows a logistic growth curve. What does "C" represent?
A. The lag phase
B. Stable equilibrium phase
C. The deceleration phase
D. The exponential growth phase
E. The biotic phase
27. This figure shows a logistic growth curve. What does "A" represent?
A. The exponential growth phase
B. Stable equilibrium phase
C. The lag phase
D. The biotic phase
E. The deceleration phase
28. This figure shows a logistic growth curve. What does "D" represent?
A. The exponential growth phase
B. Stable equilibrium phase
C. The deceleration phase
D. The lag phase
E. The biotic phase
29. This figure shows a logistic growth curve. What does "E" represent?
A. The carrying capacity phase
B. The exponential growth phase
C. The lag phase
D. The deceleration phase
E. Stable equilibrium phase
30. A biologist is studying factors which affect population size where the percentage of individuals killed
remains the same regardless of population size. What are these factors?
A. Logistical-dependent factors
B. Carrying capacity-dependent factors
C. Density-independent factors
D. Biotic-independent factors
E. Density-dependent factors
31. Which of the following would not be a density-independent factor which affects a population?
A. Disease
B. Floods
C. Fire
D. Hurricanes
E. Droughts
32. If you were studying biotic factors which affect population size, you would most likely be studying which
of the following?
A. Density-dependent factors
B. Density-independent factors
C. Biotic-independent factors
D. Carrying capacity-dependent factors
E. Logistical-dependent factors
33. Which of the following would not be considered a density-dependent factor controlling population size?
A. Competition
B. Predation
C. Disease
D. Parasites
E. Drought
34. Which of these is NOT a density-dependent factor which controls population size?
A. Competition
B. Fire
C. Disease
D. Parasites
E. Predation
35. Density-independent means the mortality increases as density of population increase.
True False
36. Which type of species would exhibit an exponential population growth pattern?
A. Opportunistic species
B. Carrying capacity species
C. Equilibrium species
D. Density-independent species
E. Density-dependent species
37. Which of the following is not a characteristic of an opportunistic species?
A. Few offspring
B. Little or no care of offspring
C. Short life span
D. Fast to mature
E. Small individuals
38. A biologist is studying a type of species which exhibits logistic population growth. Based on this
information you would conclude that he or she is studying which type of species?
A. Biotic species
B. Density-independent species
C. Density-dependent species
D. Opportunistic species
E. Equilibrium species
39. Which of the following would not be a characteristic of an equilibrium species?
A. Fast to mature
B. Large individuals
C. Much care of offspring
D. Long life span
E. Few offspring
40. Extinction is the total disappearance of a species or a higher group.
True False
41. Which of the following is not a major factor which determines the risk of extinction in an equilibrium
species which cannot migrate?
A. Size of geographic range
B. Size of local population
C. The number of different species in an area
D. Degree of habitat tolerance
E. All are major factors
42. If the growth rate increases, the doubling time:
A. Decreases
B. Decreases, then increases
C. Increases, then decreases
D. Remains the same
E. Increases
43. If you were studying the sequence of events which occur during demographic transition, you would
determine that:
A. There is a decrease in birthrate followed by a decrease in death rate
B. There is a decrease in death rate followed by an increase in birthrate
C. There is an increase in death rate followed by a decrease in birthrate
D. There is an increase in death rate followed by an increase in birthrate
E. There is a decrease in death rate followed by a decrease in birthrate
44. Which of the following statements is not true?
A. Currently, over one-quarter of the human population live in LDCs
B. The growth rate for MDCs has now stabilized
C. The growth rate for LDCs is still growing
D. People in LDCs are often underfed and live in poverty
E. The LDCs are not fully industrialized
45. If a population has more younger woman entering the reproductive years than older women leaving the
reproductive years, which of the following statements is not true?
A. It is likely to be an LDC
B. The replacement reproduction will give a positive growth rate
C. It is likely to be an MDC
D. The age structure will have a pyramid shape
E. The growth rate will most likely increase
46. Replacement reproduction occurs because more older women are leaving the reproductive years than
younger women are entering.
True False
47. The term for life styles that permit a balance between human needs and preserving the environment is:
A. Sustainability
B. Ruralization
C. Zero population growth
D. Environmentalism
E. Conservation ecology
48. Which of the following statements accurately describes the less developed countries?
A. High birthrate, large postreproductive portion of the population
B. High birthrate, different age groups of equal size
C. High birthrate, large prereproductive portion of the population
D. Low birthrate, large reproductive portion of the population
E. Low growth rate, different age groups of equal size
Chapter 36 Population Ecology Key
1. Ecology is best defined as the study of:
A. The rate of population change
B. Populations
C. How populations are restricted by environmental resistance
D. Organisms as they interact with other organisms and their physical surrounding
E. Population increases and decreases
Ecology is the study of the interactions of organisms with other organisms and with the physical environment.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 36.01.01 Name and compare the ecological levels of study.
Mader - Chapter 36 #1
Section: 36.01
Topic: Ecology
2. If you were studying the place where an organism lives, you would be studying its:
A. Population
B. Biosphere
C. Community
D. Ecosystem
E. Habitat
Habitat is the place where an organism lives.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 36.01.01 Name and compare the ecological levels of study.
Mader - Chapter 36 #2
Section: 36.01
Topic: Ecology
3. All members of the same species that inhabit a particular area are termed a(n):
A. Niche
B. Biosphere
C. Ecosystem
D. Community
E. Population
A population is defined as all the organisms within an area belonging to the same species and interacting with
the environment.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 36.01.01 Name and compare the ecological levels of study.
Mader - Chapter 36 #3
Section: 36.01
Topic: Ecology
4. A number of populations of different species interacting with one another is called:
A. Competition
B. A community
C. Predation
D. An ecosystem
E. Symbiosis
A community consists of all the various populations interacting in the same area.
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 36.01.01 Name and compare the ecological levels of study.
Mader - Chapter 36 #4
Section: 36.01
Topic: Ecology
5. The nonliving resources in the environment are referred to as abiotic.
TRUE
The nonliving resources in the environment are referred to as abiotic.
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 36.01.01 Name and compare the ecological levels of study.
Mader - Chapter 36 #5
Section: 36.01
Topic: Ecology
6. An ecosystem contains:
A. Only the food relationships found in an environment
B. Only the energy flow components of the environment
C. Only the abiotic components of the environment
D. Only the biotic components of the environment
E. Both the living and the abiotic components of the environment
An ecosystem encompasses a community of populations as well as the abiotic environment.
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 36.01.01 Name and compare the ecological levels of study.
Mader - Chapter 36 #6
Section: 36.01
Topic: Ecology
7. If you were writing a paper on the relatively thin layer on the earth's surface where life is possible, your
paper would be titled:
A. A biome
B. The lithosphere
C. The biosphere
D. A biopreserve
E. The ecosystem
The biosphere encompasses the zones of the Earths land, water, and air where living organisms are found.
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 36.01.01 Name and compare the ecological levels of study.
Mader - Chapter 36 #7
Section: 36.01
Topic: Ecology
8. All the creatures in your front yard represents a(n) __________ while the grasshoppers represent a(n)
_____________.
A. Population; community
B. Community; population
C. Ecosystem; habitat
D. Ecosystem; population
E. Population; ecosystem
A community consists of all the various populations in one area. A population is one species.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 36.01.01 Name and compare the ecological levels of study.
Mader - Chapter 36 #8
Section: 36.01
Topic: Ecology
9. A biologist is counting the number of individuals of a population per unit area. She is trying to determine the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Population density
Population distribution
Population capacity
Population frequency
Population potential
Population density is the number of individuals per unit area.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 36.02.01 Define density, and contrast three patterns of population distribution.
Mader - Chapter 36 #9
Section: 36.02
Topic: Ecology
10. The pattern of dispersal of individuals across an area is referred to as:
A. Population density
B. Population potential
C. Population frequency
D. Population capacity
E. Population distribution
Population distribution is the pattern of dispersal of individuals across an area of interest.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 36.02.01 Define density, and contrast three patterns of population distribution.
Mader - Chapter 36 #10
Section: 36.02
Topic: Ecology
11. The environmental aspects that determine where specific organisms live are called the:
A. Biotic factors
B. Density-dependent factors
C. Limiting factors
D. Life history factors
E. Density-independent factors
Limiting factors are those environmental aspects that particularly determine where an organism lives.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 36.02.01 Define density, and contrast three patterns of population distribution.
Mader - Chapter 36 #11
Section: 36.02
Topic: Ecology
12. Which of the following is not a type of distribution pattern found in organisms?
A. Clumped
B. Equilibrium
C. Uniform
D. Random
E. All are patterns of distribution
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 36.02.01 Define density, and contrast three patterns of population distribution.
Mader - Chapter 36 #12
Section: 36.02
Topic: Ecology
13. Which of the following is not a factor in calculating a population's annual growth rate?
A. Emigration
B. Immigration
C. The number of individuals born
D. The number of individuals that die
E. Carrying capacity
A populations annual growth rate is dependent upon the number of individuals born each year, the number of
individuals that die each year, and annual immigration and emigration.
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 36.03.01 Understand the relationship between growth rate and biotic potential.
Mader - Chapter 36 #13
Section: 36.03
Topic: Ecology
14. If you were studying the maximum rate of natural increase of a population that can occur under ideal
conditions, what would you would be studying?
A. Biotic potential
B. Steady state
C. Population growth
D. Environmental resistance
E. Carrying capacity
The biotic potential of a population is the highest possible growth rate and is achieved when resources are
unlimited.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 36.03.02 Describe three types of survivorship curves and contrast three age structure diagrams.
Mader - Chapter 36 #14
Section: 36.03
Topic: Ecology
15. Which of the following is not a factor which affects biotic potential?
A. Usual number of offspring per reproduction
B. How many different mates each individual has
C. Age at which reproduction begins
D. How often each individual reproduces
E. Changes of survival until age of reproduction
The biotic potential is high or low depends primarily on the following factors: 1. Usual number of offspring per
reproduction, 2. Chances of survival until age of reproduction and until reproduction ceases, 3. Age structure
diagram; age reproduction begins, 4. Length of time and how often an individual reproduces
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 36.03.01 Understand the relationship between growth rate and biotic potential.
Mader - Chapter 36 #15
Section: 36.03
Topic: Ecology
16. The term used to describe population members that are the same age and have the same chances of
surviving is:
A. A population
B. A family
C. Biotic potential
D. A metapopulation
E. A cohort
Cohort is the term used to describe population members that are the same age and have the same chances of
surviving.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 36.03.02 Describe three types of survivorship curves and contrast three age structure diagrams.
Mader - Chapter 36 #16
Section: 36.03
Topic: Ecology
17. Which of the following describes a type II survivorship curve (drawn by plotting the number of individuals
in a given population alive at the beginning of each interval)?
A. Most individuals die of old age
B. Many individuals die early in life
C. Most individuals die early in life and of old Individuals age
D. die at a constant rate throughout time
E. Most individuals die during their reproductive years
In the type II curve, survivorship decreases at a constant rate throughout the life span; this pattern is typical of
hydras, many songbirds, small mammals, and some invertebrates, for which death is usually unrelated to age.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 36.03.02 Describe three types of survivorship curves and contrast three age structure diagrams.
Mader - Chapter 36 #17
Section: 36.03
Topic: Ecology
18. A biologist is studying organisms which tend to exhibit a type I survivorship curve. Based on this
information you would conclude that he or she is studying which type of organism?
A. Large mammals
B. Insects
C. Oysters
D. Bacteria
E. Hydras
Mammals usually have a type I survivorship curve; they survive well past the midpoint of the life span, and
they do not die until near the end of the life span.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 36.03.02 Describe three types of survivorship curves and contrast three age structure diagrams.
Mader - Chapter 36 #18
Section: 36.03
Topic: Ecology
19. Age structure diagrams with a broad base suggest:
A. The population will continue to grow for some time
B. The population is shrinking
C. Environmental resistance is not at work
D. The biotic potential must be larger than usual
E. The individuals must be larger than usual
When the prereproductive group is the largest of the three groups, the birthrate is higher than the death rate, and
a pyramid-shaped diagram is expected. Under such conditions, even if the growth for that year were matched by
the deaths for that year, the population would continue to grow in subsequent years.
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 36.03.02 Describe three types of survivorship curves and contrast three age structure diagrams.
Mader - Chapter 36 #19
Section: 36.03
Topic: Ecology
20. The age distribution of a stable population is:
A. Unequal, with more people in the prereproductive ages
B. Relatively equal in all ages
C. Unequal, with more people in the postreproductive and prereproductive ages
D. Unequal, with more people in the reproductive ages
E. Unequal, with more people in the postreproductive ages
Refer to the age structure diagrams in Figure on 36.3C on page 731.
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 36.03.02 Describe three types of survivorship curves and contrast three age structure diagrams.
Mader - Chapter 36 #20
Section: 36.03
Topic: Ecology
21. A population with a rapidly expanding exponential growth would best be represented by a graph with a(n)
______-shaped curve.
A. S
B. Bell
C. J
D. Pyramid
E. Urn
An exponential pattern of population growth results in a J-shaped curve
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 36.04.01 Compare exponential growth to logistic growth with reference to the carrying capacity of the environment.
Mader - Chapter 36 #21
Section: 36.04
Topic: Ecology
22. If you were studying the phases of the logistic curve, which of the following would not be included in your
studies?
A. The exponential growth phase
B. The biotic potential phase
C. The deceleration phase
D. The stable equilibrium phase
E. The lag phase
Logistic growth, which has an exponential growth phase, a deceleration phase, and a stable equilibrium phase,
stabilizes when the carrying capacity has been reached, resulting in an S-shaped curve.
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 36.04.01 Compare exponential growth to logistic growth with reference to the carrying capacity of the environment.
Mader - Chapter 36 #22
Section: 36.04
Topic: Ecology
23. Population size is believed to level off at the ________ of an environment.
A. Steady state
B. Population growth
C. Carrying capacity
D. Biotic potential
E. Environmental resistance
Logistic population growth stabilizes when the carrying capacity has been reached The carrying capacity is the
total number of individuals the resources of the environment can sup- port for an extended period of time.
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 36.04.01 Compare exponential growth to logistic growth with reference to the carrying capacity of the environment.
Mader - Chapter 36 #23
Section: 36.04
Topic: Ecology
24. The maximum population that the environment can support for an indefinite period of time is called the:
A. Carrying capacity
B. Demographic transition
C. Biotic potential
D. Environmental resistance
E. Replacement reproduction
The carrying capacity is the total number of individuals the resources of the environment can sup- port for an
extended period of time.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 36.04.01 Compare exponential growth to logistic growth with reference to the carrying capacity of the environment.
Mader - Chapter 36 #24
Section: 36.04
Topic: Ecology
25. In logistic growth, the exponential growth phase is growing due to the biotic potential.
TRUE
In logistic growth, growth is accelerating during the exponential growth phase due to biotic potential.
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 36.04.01 Compare exponential growth to logistic growth with reference to the carrying capacity of the environment.
Mader - Chapter 36 #25
Section: 36.04
Topic: Ecology
26. This figure shows a logistic growth curve. What does "C" represent?
A. The lag phase
B. Stable equilibrium phase
C. The deceleration phase
D. The exponential growth phase
E. The biotic phase
Refer to the logistic growth diagram in Figure 36.4B on page 732.
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 36.04.01 Compare exponential growth to logistic growth with reference to the carrying capacity of the environment.
Mader - Chapter 36 #26
Section: 36.04
Topic: Ecology
27. This figure shows a logistic growth curve. What does "A" represent?
A. The exponential growth phase
B. Stable equilibrium phase
C. The lag phase
D. The biotic phase
E. The deceleration phase
Refer to the logistic growth diagram in Figure 36.4B on page 732.
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 36.04.01 Compare exponential growth to logistic growth with reference to the carrying capacity of the environment.
Mader - Chapter 36 #27
Section: 36.04
Topic: Ecology
28. This figure shows a logistic growth curve. What does "D" represent?
A. The exponential growth phase
B. Stable equilibrium phase
C. The deceleration phase
D. The lag phase
E. The biotic phase
Refer to the logistic growth diagram in Figure 36.4B on page 732.
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 36.04.01 Compare exponential growth to logistic growth with reference to the carrying capacity of the environment.
Mader - Chapter 36 #28
Section: 36.04
Topic: Ecology
29. This figure shows a logistic growth curve. What does "E" represent?
A. The carrying capacity phase
B. The exponential growth phase
C. The lag phase
D. The deceleration phase
E. Stable equilibrium phase
Refer to the logistic growth diagram in Figure 36.4B on page 732.
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 36.04.01 Compare exponential growth to logistic growth with reference to the carrying capacity of the environment.
Mader - Chapter 36 #29
Section: 36.04
Topic: Ecology
30. A biologist is studying factors which affect population size where the percentage of individuals killed
remains the same regardless of population size. What are these factors?
A. Logistical-dependent factors
B. Carrying capacity-dependent factors
C. Density-independent factors
D. Biotic-independent factors
E. Density-dependent factors
An abiotic factor is usually a density-independent factor, meaning that the percentage of individuals killed
remains the same regardless of the population size. In other words, the intensity of the effect does not increase
with increased population size.
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 36.05.01 Give examples of density-independent factors and density-dependent factors, telling how they relate to population size.
Mader - Chapter 36 #30
Section: 36.05
Topic: Ecology
31. Which of the following would not be a density-independent factor which affects a population?
A. Disease
B. Floods
C. Fire
D. Hurricanes
E. Droughts
Abiotic environmental factors (density-independent factors) include droughts (lack of rain), freezes, hurricanes,
floods, and forest fires. Any one of these natural disasters can cause individuals to die and lead to a sudden and
catastrophic reduction in population size.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 36.05.01 Give examples of density-independent factors and density-dependent factors, telling how they relate to population size.
Mader - Chapter 36 #31
Section: 36.05
Topic: Ecology
32. If you were studying biotic factors which affect population size, you would most likely be studying which
of the following?
A. Density-dependent factors
B. Density-independent factors
C. Biotic-independent factors
D. Carrying capacity-dependent factors
E. Logistical-dependent factors
Biotic factors tend to be density-dependent factors because the percentage of the population affected does
increase as the density of the population increases. Competition, predation, and parasitism are all biotic factors
that increase in intensity as the density increases.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 36.06.01 Give examples of density-independent factors and density-dependent factors, telling how they relate to population size.
Mader - Chapter 36 #32
Section: 36.06
Topic: Ecology
33. Which of the following would not be considered a density-dependent factor controlling population size?
A. Competition
B. Predation
C. Disease
D. Parasites
E. Drought
Biotic factors tend to be density-dependent factors. Competition, predation, and parasitism are all biotic factors
that increase in intensity as the population density increases.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 36.06.01 Give examples of density-independent factors and density-dependent factors, telling how they relate to population size.
Mader - Chapter 36 #33
Section: 36.06
Topic: Ecology
34. Which of these is NOT a density-dependent factor which controls population size?
A. Competition
B. Fire
C. Disease
D. Parasites
E. Predation
Biotic factors tend to be density-dependent factors because the percentage of the population affected does
increase as the density of the population increases. Competition, predation, and parasitism are all biotic factors
that increase in intensity as the population density increases.
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 36.06.01 Give examples of density-independent factors and density-dependent factors, telling how they relate to population size.
Mader - Chapter 36 #34
Section: 36.06
Topic: Ecology
35. Density-independent means the mortality increases as density of population increase.
FALSE
An abiotic factor is usually a density-independent factor, meaning that the percentage of individuals killed
remains the same regardless of the population size.
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 36.05.01 Give examples of density-independent factors and density-dependent factors, telling how they relate to population size.
Mader - Chapter 36 #35
Section: 36.05
Topic: Ecology
36. Which type of species would exhibit an exponential population growth pattern?
A. Opportunistic species
B. Carrying capacity species
C. Equilibrium species
D. Density-independent species
E. Density-dependent species
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 36.07.01 Contrast the characteristics of an opportunistic population with those of an equilibrium population.
Mader - Chapter 36 #36
Section: 36.07
Topic: Ecology
37. Which of the following is not a characteristic of an opportunistic species?
A. Few offspring
B. Little or no care of offspring
C. Short life span
D. Fast to mature
E. Small individuals
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 36.07.01 Contrast the characteristics of an opportunistic population with those of an equilibrium population.
Mader - Chapter 36 #37
Section: 36.07
Topic: Ecology
38. A biologist is studying a type of species which exhibits logistic population growth. Based on this
information you would conclude that he or she is studying which type of species?
A. Biotic species
B. Density-independent species
C. Density-dependent species
D. Opportunistic species
E. Equilibrium species
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 36.07.01 Contrast the characteristics of an opportunistic population with those of an equilibrium population.
Mader - Chapter 36 #38
Section: 36.07
Topic: Ecology
39. Which of the following would not be a characteristic of an equilibrium species?
A. Fast to mature
B. Large individuals
C. Much care of offspring
D. Long life span
E. Few offspring
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 36.07.01 Contrast the characteristics of an opportunistic population with those of an equilibrium population.
Mader - Chapter 36 #39
Section: 36.07
Topic: Ecology
40. Extinction is the total disappearance of a species or a higher group.
TRUE
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 36.07.02 List factors that help determine whether a population will become extinct.
Mader - Chapter 36 #40
Section: 36.07
Topic: Ecology
41. Which of the following is not a major factor which determines the risk of extinction in an equilibrium
species which cannot migrate?
A. Size of geographic range
B. Size of local population
C. The number of different species in an area
D. Degree of habitat tolerance
E. All are major factors
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 36.07.02 List factors that help determine whether a population will become extinct.
Mader - Chapter 36 #41
Section: 36.07
Topic: Ecology
42. If the growth rate increases, the doubling time:
A. Decreases
B. Decreases, then increases
C. Increases, then decreases
D. Remains the same
E. Increases
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 36.08.01 Explain how the world population is still undergoing exponential growth.
Mader - Chapter 36 #42
Section: 36.08
Topic: Ecology
43. If you were studying the sequence of events which occur during demographic transition, you would
determine that:
A. There is a decrease in birthrate followed by a decrease in death rate
B. There is a decrease in death rate followed by an increase in birthrate
C. There is an increase in death rate followed by a decrease in birthrate
D. There is an increase in death rate followed by an increase in birthrate
E. There is a decrease in death rate followed by a decrease in birthrate
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 36.08.02 Contrast the population growth and age distribution of the more-developed and the less-developed countries.
Mader - Chapter 36 #43
Section: 36.08
Topic: Ecology
44. Which of the following statements is not true?
A. Currently, over one-quarter of the human population live in LDCs
B. The growth rate for MDCs has now stabilized
C. The growth rate for LDCs is still growing
D. People in LDCs are often underfed and live in poverty
E. The LDCs are not fully industrialized
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 36.08.02 Contrast the population growth and age distribution of the more-developed and the less-developed countries.
Mader - Chapter 36 #44
Section: 36.08
Topic: Ecology
45. If a population has more younger woman entering the reproductive years than older women leaving the
reproductive years, which of the following statements is not true?
A. It is likely to be an LDC
B. The replacement reproduction will give a positive growth rate
C. It is likely to be an MDC
D. The age structure will have a pyramid shape
E. The growth rate will most likely increase
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 36.08.02 Contrast the population growth and age distribution of the more-developed and the less-developed countries.
Mader - Chapter 36 #45
Section: 36.08
Topic: Ecology
46. Replacement reproduction occurs because more older women are leaving the reproductive years than
younger women are entering.
FALSE
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 36.08.02 Contrast the population growth and age distribution of the more-developed and the less-developed countries.
Mader - Chapter 36 #46
Section: 36.08
Topic: Ecology
47. The term for life styles that permit a balance between human needs and preserving the environment is:
A. Sustainability
B. Ruralization
C. Zero population growth
D. Environmentalism
E. Conservation ecology
Sustainability occurs when future generations are able to enjoy the same quality of life as the present
generation.
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 36.08.02 Contrast the population growth and age distribution of the more-developed and the less-developed countries.
Mader - Chapter 36 #47
Section: 36.08
Topic: Ecology
48. Which of the following statements accurately describes the less developed countries?
A. High birthrate, large postreproductive portion of the population
B. High birthrate, different age groups of equal size
C. High birthrate, large prereproductive portion of the population
D. Low birthrate, large reproductive portion of the population
E. Low growth rate, different age groups of equal size
Currently, the LDCs are experiencing a population momentum because they have more women entering the
reproductive years than older women leaving them.
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 36.08.02 Contrast the population growth and age distribution of the more-developed and the less-developed countries.
Mader - Chapter 36 #48
Section: 36.08
Topic: Ecology
Chapter 36 Population Ecology Summary
# of Questio
ns
Category
12
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
11
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
6
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
12
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
7
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
8
Learning Outcome: 36.01.01 Name and compare the ecological levels of study.
4
Learning Outcome: 36.02.01 Define density, and contrast three patterns of population distribution.
2
Learning Outcome: 36.03.01 Understand the relationship between growth rate and biotic potential.
6
Learning Outcome: 36.03.02 Describe three types of survivorship curves and contrast three age structure diagrams.
9
Learning Outcome: 36.04.01 Compare exponential growth to logistic growth with reference to the carrying capacity of the environ
ment.
3
Learning Outcome: 36.05.01 Give examples of density-independent factors and density-dependent factors, telling how they relate t
o population size.
3
Learning Outcome: 36.06.01 Give examples of density-independent factors and density-dependent factors, telling how they relate t
o population size.
4
Learning Outcome: 36.07.01 Contrast the characteristics of an opportunistic population with those of an equilibrium population.
2
Learning Outcome: 36.07.02 List factors that help determine whether a population will become extinct.
1
Learning Outcome: 36.08.01 Explain how the world population is still undergoing exponential growth.
6
Learning Outcome: 36.08.02 Contrast the population growth and age distribution of the more-developed and the less-developed co
untries.
48
Mader - Chapter 36
8
Section: 36.01
4
Section: 36.02
8
Section: 36.03
9
Section: 36.04
3
Section: 36.05
3
Section: 36.06
6
Section: 36.07
7
Section: 36.08
48
Topic: Ecology