Analysis Criminal Final
Question 1 (Worth 4 points)
Briefly outline the history of organized crime units in the United States.
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Question Information: See pg's 122-123
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Question 2 (Worth 4 points)
Define the term "organized crime".
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Organized crime is defined as including criminal activities that are organized and coordinated o
connections (Biscay, 2005). Organized crime firmly placed its roots in the social structure of the
corrupt government officials, law enforcement officers, politicians, among others; helps insure t
including gambling, prostitution, and the use of narcotics (Biscay, 2005). Organized crime is no
civilization. In fact, there are Japanese mafias, also, the famous Russian Mafia, who used their
party to create a vast black market network during the Cold War (Biscay, 2005). Throughout th
to gain wealth, members of different ethnicities, influence, and success among the nations. Re
Civilization: Organized Crime in America During the Prohibition. 2005. 1 Apr. 2005.
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Question Information: See pg's 123- 124
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Question 3 (Worth 4 points)
How would an analyst approach an organized crime investigation? What
techniques could be used?
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Organized crime is the natural home for intelligence analysis. Almost every analytic technique
charts to conversation analysis to telephone records. This is the one area where ELINT has pla
been around a long time with organized crime. Here are some typical analytical products: 1. AS
received through surveillance or informants, a link chart is produced showing the links between
organized crime group. The chart should look like a family tree. It can list people, places, or en
telephone wiretap information or other "wires", a frequency distribution chart is produced, show
whom, and the total length of time. The result is a rather graphic portrayal of who and where th
analyst can also add the known time of certain events into the chart. A gambling operation wou
before a sporting event. 3. CONVERSATION ANALYSIS -- Using eavesdropping information, t
analyst can often put together a content analysis chart, showing that certain phrases like "I wan
an act of violence against somebody. This is especially important if the members of the organiz
do what you gotta do". Discourse analysis as well as other more advanced forms of linguistic a
inflection in the voice to read the messages behind the words spoken. (Fisher, 2005) INFORM
with organized crime, but are absolutely essential with newly emerging gangs for which there is
the analyst is often to corroborate an informant's information (by checking on whether it is subs
determine informant reliability. The following terminology is standard for rating informants: Re
past info reliable in all instances Usually Reliable -- some doubt, but past info has been reliab
some doubt, but past info has been reliable on average Not usually Reliable -- there is doubt,
occasion Unreliable -- there is great doubt; past experience has proven it to be unreliable but
now is not reliable Reference: Fisher, Kristi., and Fisher, Mark. Seize the Night. 2005. 1 Apr. 20
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Question Information: See pg's 124 - 132
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Question 4 (Worth 4 points)
What are the differences between traditional and non-traditional organized
crime?
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The involvement of organized crime in drug trafficking is described with respect to differences b
organized crime, the characteristics of different types of gangs involved in the drug trade, the a
and factors contributing to the growth of nontraditional organized crime (Lyman, 1998). Charac
organized crime unit include the provision of illicit goods or services; the arbitrary use of violen
for members; the ability to corrupt public officials; and a recruitment strategy based on ethnic, r
(Lyman, 1998). Individuals belonging to two other criminal categories, the protectors and speci
of the group. The protectors include accountants, attorneys, and government officials. Speciali
enforcers, and chemists. The alien conspiracy theory holds that organized crime is a direct spin
a single organization centrally coordinated through a national commission. Disbelievers in this
of numerous ethnically diverse groups. Supporters of the theory conceive two organized crime
and nontraditional organized crime. The nontraditional, contemporary gangs are distinguished
organizations in part by their recent vintage. The genesis of groups such as the Jamaican poss
Colombian cocaine cartels occurred around 1970, when drug abuse began to flourish in the Un
the emerging groups are vertical integration, the use of alternate sources of supply, a propensi
organization, and the insulation of leaders from street-level dealers. Reference: M D Lyman ; G
the Drug Trade (From Drugs and Society: Causes, Concepts and Control, P 213-227.
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Question Information: See pg's 125 - 138
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Question 5 (Worth 4 points)
Explain what is meant by "street-level" narcotics operations.
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Question Information: See pg's 151 - 159
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Question 6 (Worth 4 points)
Define "white collar crime" and give an example.
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Within the field of criminology, white-collar crime or incorporated governance has been define
committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation
proponent of Symbolic Interactionism, and believed that criminal behavior was learned from int
collar crime therefore overlaps with corporate crime because the opportunity for fraud, bribery,
crime, and forgery is more available to white-collar employees. By the type of offense, property
corporate crimes like environmental and health and safety law violations. Some crime is only p
offender; transnational money laundering requires the participation of senior officers employed
Investigation (Pickett, K.H. Spencer Pickett and Jennifer M., 2002) has adopted the narrow app
as those illegal illegal acts which are characterized by deceit, concealment, or violation of trus
application or threat of physical force or violence (Lauren Krivo, John Hagan, and Ruth Peters
relatively pervasive in the United States, the record-keeping does not adequately collect data o
which, in turn, makes research and policy evaluation problematic. Barnett concludes at p6, Th
crime are unknown. Summary-based UCR statistics can provide only a limited amount of inform
(Pickett, K.H. Spencer Pickett and Jennifer M., 2002). Reference: Brickey, K. F. (2006). Corpor
Aspen. Lauren Krivo, John Hagan, and Ruth Peterson. (2006). The Many Colors of Crime: Ineq
America. NewYork, New York: NYU Press. Pickett, K.H. Spencer Pickett and Jennifer M. (2002
Control. New York, New York: John Wiley and Sons.
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Question Information: Se pg's 180 - 190
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Question 7 (Worth 4 points)
Explain what is meant by "money laundering". How would an analyst proceed in
assisting in a money laundering investigation?
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Money laundering is the process by which criminals attempt to conceal the true origin and own
activities. If they are successful they can then maintain control over the proceeds and, so, prov
income. J.D. Mclean defined money laundering in the International Judicial Assistance as: "Alth
as capital for further criminal ventures, the sophisticated offender will wish to use the rest for ot
running a risk of detection, the money which represents the proceeds of the original crime mus
appears to have an entirely respectable provenance" It is important to bear in mind that money
complex one) rather than a single act. In an effort to expose and analyse this phenomenon it h
model which encompasses an ideal money laundering scheme. The three stages are as follow
derived directly from criminal activity (e.g. from sales of drugs) is first placed either a in financia
* Layering Stage The stage at which there is the first attempt at concealment or disguise of the
Integration Stage The stage at which the money is integrated into the legitimate economic and
all other assets in the system. Money launderers try to prevent authorities from tracing the sou
funds around financial and economic system. The funds are then spent as if they were legitima
launderer will directly involve a person or a business in the crime. i.e. A launderer could simply
account for deposits in return for a fee. Another scenario is for the money launderer to approac
transactions in which a sum of money is regularly deposited in the company's account. The bu
fictitious payment for non-existent goods. Although this method is very popular amongst the cri
laundering money without a business becoming aware of being involved in a crime. e.g. The m
industrial machine/robot to be manufactured to a specific standard. The company may ask for
the order won't be put through for three months. Before the three months are up the money lau
deposit refunded minus a penalty. The money launderer will always be willing to pay the penal
as much back as possible, what he/she really wants is the money back clean.
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Question Information: See pg's 200 - 204
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Question 8 (Worth 4 points)
What is a gang? How has law enforcement approached the gang problem?
Please discuss.
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The polices definition of a gang is: a group of individuals, juvenile and or adult who associate o
for a common purpose, and are involved in delinquent or criminal activity Crime rates in the Un
increasing over the past decade. What makes this phenomenon even more alarming is that ma
by young people as young as 12. Youth who engage in violence and other deviant behaviors a
Criminologists Helen Adler (145) linked Youth gang membership to the increasing crime rates
are three times more likely to get involved in violence compared to none gang members. Gang
persuade the children to use illegal drugs as well as selling these drugs to them; they assault s
burglarize businesses. To make it simple, they cause terror to the community where they belon
are mostly made up of minorities who belong to the lowest ranks of the American socio econom
gangs in the US comprise chiefly of Blacks, Asian and Hispanics with living conditions that are
gang problem has reached a staggering proportion over the past decade. The gang problem is
region. It goes on in many other places within the US. According to NYGS (145) there were ab
the country in 1998. These figures indicate that there is an approximately 280 percent increase
years. Hispanics have the highest percentage of participation with a population of 255, 254 or 4
unlawful activities, and their arsenals contain high-powered guns. The Blacks rank second with
are notorious robbers, burglars, murderers- including the dreaded act of drive-by shootings. Th
throughout the United States. Caucasians rank next to blacks with a share of 12 percent. Refe
McGraw Hill Gardner, S. 19992, Street Gangs in America, NY Franklin Watts NYGS 1998 Nati
Justice and Delinquency Prevention W. Washington, DC NYG Press
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Question Information: See pg's 226 - 231
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Question 9 (Worth 4 points)
What is "community/problem oriented policing"?
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Although many may find community policing and problem-oriented policing to fall in the same c
between the two. For one, community policing has many definitions. For some, it means institu
pertaining to the ideal bond between police officers and their community. While for others it me
neighborhoods in desperate need of repair (Dunham & Alpert, 2005). However, an idyllic defini
traditional definition of crime control to community problem-solving and promising to transform
two decades, there has been much research on community policing. Researchers have found
community policing: philosophical, strategic, tactical, and organizational. These dimensions ma
community policing (Dunham & Alpert, 2005). Reference: Dunaham & Alpert, Critical Issues in
p.421
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Question Information: See pg 232 - 233
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Question 10 (Worth 4 points)
Explain in detail the "Regional Information Sharing System" or RISS. What
services do the RISS projects provide?
ESSAY SUBMISSION
The RISS Program is the only multijurisdictional criminal intelligence system operated by and f
agencies. U.S. Department of Justice grant funding in 1974 first supported the operation of a re
concept grew as more law enforcement agencies expressed a need to extend the range of inte
The RISS Program provides member agencies with an information-sharing, analysis, and com
investigative and prosecutorial efforts that address multijurisdictional offenses and conspiracies
locations within a centers service area. Analytical personnel and field representatives staff cen
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Question Information: See pg's 242 - 244
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Question 11 (Worth 4 points)
____________ with people provides some of the best insight into why a problem
is a problem.
Answer blank 1: Talking Answer accepted
Points earned on this question: 4
Question 12 (Worth 4 points)
There is no substitute to a first-hand ___________ to get a true feel for why a
certain location has problems.
Answer blank 1: Observation Answer accepted
Points earned on this question: 4
Question 13 (Worth 4 points)
When it comes to an academic journal you should search for articles that are less
than ______ year(s) old.
Answer blank 1: three Answer accepted
Points earned on this question: 4
Question 14 (Worth 4 points)
Crime/incident reports are generally ___________ in a records management
system.
Answer blank 1: captured Answer accepted
Points earned on this question: 4
Question 15 (Worth 4 points)
___________ analysis should answer a number of questions.
Answer blank 1: Trend Answer accepted
Points earned on this question: 4
Question 16 (Worth 4 points)
Crime Theory ____________ the use of applied research.
Answer blank 1: Guides Answer accepted
Points earned on this question: 4
Question 17 (Worth 4 points)
_______________ involves putting aside the problem of doing something else to
allow the mind to unconsciously consider it.
Answer blank 1: Incubation Answer accepted
Points earned on this question: 4
Question 18 (Worth 4 points)
________________ involves attempting to spontaneously generate as many
ideas on a subject as possible.
Answer blank 1: Brainstorming Answer accepted
Points earned on this question: 4
Question 19 (Worth 4 points)
Challenging assumptions is the direct ________________ of ideas, opinions, or
attitudes that have previously been taken for granted.
Answer blank 1: confrontation Answer accepted
Points earned on this question: 4
Question 20 (Worth 4 points)
A ____________ consists of abstract principles.
Answer blank 1: theory Answer accepted
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Question 21 (Worth 4 points)
A ___________ is a statement that serves as the basis for an argument.
Answer blank 1: premise Answer accepted
Points earned on this question: 4
Question 22 (Worth 4 points)
Raw data comprises ________________, unorganized facts not yet interpreted
for meaning.
Answer blank 1: individual Answer accepted
Points earned on this question: 4
Question 23 (Worth 4 points)
A ___________ is a judgement or decision.
Answer blank 1: conclusion Answer accepted
Points earned on this question: 4
Question 24 (Worth 4 points)
When it comes to Sampling a ____________ is the theoretical universe or
aggregation of units from which a sample or units or elements could be drawn.
Answer blank 1: population Answer accepted
Points earned on this question: 4
Question 25 (Worth 4 points)
Generally, researchers use two types of statistical measures: descriptive and
______________.
Answer blank 1: multivariate Answer not accepted. Expected Answer: inferential
Points earned on this question: 0