9:06:00 Biotechnology
11/14/2007 AM
Biotechnology: any use or alteration of organisms, cells, or biological molecules to achieve specific practical goals Yeast to make bread Beer and wine Dog breeding Fruit and vegetables Genome: all the DNA in an organism Genes carry information for making all the proteins required These proteins determine how the organism looks, how well its body metabolizes, and sometimes how it behaves. The particular order of As, Ts, Gs, and Cs, is very important. Goals of the Human Genome Project Determine genetic codes of organisms Find out where diseases are DNA fingerprinting An organism's DNA contains the blueprint for all that they are. Each persons DNA is different from everyone else's. DNA similarity is based on relatedness.
Biotechnology Techniques
Viruses Viruses can be used to place DNA into cells.
11/14/2007 9:06:00 AM
The genetic material of the virus is removed, and replaced with the genetic material you wish to add. Gene Guns Used to insert genes into genome "Blasts" gene the in Recombinant DNA Combining genes using single-celled organisms The fact that all species use the same genetic code means that one type of organism can express a gene code from another species. Examples: human insulin, human growth hormones Transgenic DNA The equivalent of recombinant DNA, using multi-cellular organisms. Genes of interest are introduced into a fertilized ovum, and the organism develops from the inserted genes. Cloning Making an exact genetic copy. Can be a gene, cell, or whole organism Dolly was the first example of an adult vertebrate cloned from another adult by any technique. Embryonic Stem Cells In early stages of embryonic development, cells are undifferentiated. Over the course of development, they are cast into roles with specialized functions. NOT aborted fetuses. Blastocyst stage (4-5 days old) Gene targeting & gene therapy identifying "problem genes" aka gene therapy
someday, scientists will be able to fix genetic disorders in an embryo.
11/14/2007 9:06:00 AM