Rossini Gioachino (1792-1868) - throughout the 19th century there were opera houses popping up in urban centers all over - opera was really popular, sometimes more popular than symphony concerts - fits well into romanticism - Rossini is early 19th century Italian composer - Accompaniment for recitative becomes more expressive than with Mozart Italian Opera terms - bel canto (a beautiful song) - cantibile-cabaletta form - verismo - arioso Barber of Seville (1816), or Il Barbiere di Siviglia - characters o Rosina, attractive woman courted by... o Bartolo, whom keeps a close eye on her and... o Almaviva, a Count who disguises himself as Lindoro, a peasant. He wants to make sure Rosina really loves him o Cantibile-Cabaletta form o Cantibile is slow, Cabaletta is faster o Cab. has more trills and playing around with the voice Cant. o is more so about one idea, and the cab. will take it another direction o So this is very different than da capo which is ABA, because cant.-cab. you usually have some sort of progression Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901) - well known for his characters - you will hear verismo associated with Verdi, because it means that it is realistic, because he developed his characters really well - often writes about lower class characters within their own setting - he was known for his Italian nationalism - arioso means that you are in the middle of a recitative section, but all of a sudden everyone starts singing in a melody, kind of like aria but it is not Aida (1871) - Characters o Aida, the Ethiopian princess/slave o Radames, an Egyptian general who falls in love with Aida o Amneris, Egyptian princess in love with Radames