of Nature Sound
Goals How sound works How sound is measured Basic Acoustics Sound is Disturbance in air pressure Compression--high pressure Rarefaction--low pressure Speed of sound 1130 ft/sec in air 770 MPH Frequency # of cycles per second Measured in Hertz Frequency changes=pitch changes Human 20Hz to 20k HZ 2k-4k is human sweet spot vocal pattern Dogs 15Hz-50k Hz Cats 60Hz-65k Hz Bats 1kHz-120k Hz RTA--Real Time Analyzer Amplitude Loudness Human Range -1/4dB to 140dB decibels 0dB is not silence 0dB is .0002ubar of air pressure 0dB is the reference for dBs Every 10dB is 10x the power Every 3dB doubles
0dB threshold of Hearing 10-20dB rustling leaves 30dB Whisper @ 1 meter 60dB Conversational speech @ 1 meter 90dB heavy Traffic...damage begins here 120dB Rock Concert 140dB Threshold of Pain 150dB Jet Engine @ 30 meters 180dB Rocket Launch @ 45 meters SPL Meter Sound Pressure Level Waveforms Simple Waves: Synthetic Phase Timing difference between 2 waves Measured in degrees Waves interfere Node 180 out of phase Cancels out Anti-Node In phase Reinforces Sound Transmission Sound puts barrier into motion Diffraction Sound bends around obstacles Reverberation Multiple reflections from any boundaries Hearing Loss Temporary Threshold Shift Noise in ears after loud event Permanent Threshold Shift Loss of frequency response in hearing Tinnitus Permanent ringing/noise
Creative Structures
Character Types Protagonist Character(s) that encounter(s) change Antagonist Character(s) that initiate(s) change in others 3 Act Paradigm Act 1--setup/intro 20-30 Hook min. Exposition Who, what, where, when Plot point 1 Major event tat starts complication Moves us into Act 2 Act 2--Complication 50-70 min. Midpoint Climax Act 3--Resolution 15-20 min. 1 page of Screenplay = 1 min of screen time www.turbulance.org Song Structure Intro Marks melodic, harmonic, and/or rhythmic material similar to the main body of a piece Verse Corresponds with poetic stanza. Two or more sections of a song that basically have identical music and different lyrics Chorus (Refrain) Sharply contrast w/ the verse melodically, harmonically, and rhythmically, and assumes a higher level of dynamics and activity, can have added instrumentation Bridge An interlude that connects two parts of a song, building a harmonic connection between parts. Contrast in rhythm and mood. Modifies repetition Solo A piece for one, or sometimes several: Outro Conclusion to a piece. May be unique ending of just fade away
Tools for structure Storyboards Images or illustrations displayed in sequence for the purpose of previsualization Benefits Construction Camera Setup Lighting SFX Animatic Sound and movement added to a sequence of stills Benefits Camera Movement SFX Sound Design Arranging To rewrite a piece of existing music with additional material or fleshing out of a musical sketch Producer's responsibility Written as notation or simple charts The Demo Recorded for reference rather than for release Used to approximate ideas and provide examples to record labels, producers, other musicians, and arrangers Music publisher may use it for copyright