MAE 146: Astronautics Introductory Lecture Space in our Society and as Engineer MAE 146: Astronautics Introduction Lecture Goals and Outline Goals Place the course in a broader picture Invite you to think about the &quot;space enterprise&quot; &quot;Astronautics is the engineering science supporting human understand: (and robotic) activities in space&quot; Before starting to study Astronautics, we thus need to What do we mean by space? Why do we go to space? How we actually go to space? Plan To understand the role of an engineer, we need to briefly learn about space systems organization. BFV, 01/07/2008 1 MAE 146: Astronautics Introduction What space? BFV, 01/07/2008 2 MAE 146: Astronautics Introduction What space? Human activities in space are &quot;confined&quot; to our solar system! Still, that's quite a room to explore! If the Sun was 15cm in diameter, at which distance would be the Earth? What would be its diameter? BFV, 01/07/2008 3 MAE 146: Astronautics Introduction What space? Human activities in space are &quot;confined&quot; to our solar system! Still, that's quite a room to explore! If the Sun was 15cm in diameter, at which distance would be the Earth? What would be its diameter? Answer: about 15 meters and 1.3mm ! BFV, 01/07/2008 3 MAE 146: Astronautics Introduction What space? Human activities in space are &quot;confined&quot; to our solar system! Still, that's quite a room to explore! If the Sun was 15cm in diameter, at which distance would be the Earth? What would be its diameter? Answer: about 15 meters and 1.3mm ! Tacit (human) agreement: Space is limited to what can be reached within a career! Robotic exploration Human exploration Commercial Space BFV, 01/07/2008 Solar System: farthest human made probe is Voyager (1977)which reached the physical boundary of our solar system. Near Earth, Moon. Soon, Mars! Near Earth space: Low Earth Orbit (remote sensing, GPS) Geostationary belt (communication satellites) 3 MAE 146: Astronautics Introduction Why Space? BFV, 01/07/2008 4 MAE 146: Astronautics Introduction Why Space? Needs Space fills some needs, is a tech drive and a challenge. Drive Examples? Challenge BFV, 01/07/2008 4 MAE 146: Astronautics Introduction Why Space? Needs Space fills some needs, is a tech drive and a challenge: Military: Societal: Scientific: Human: Surveillance, Earth protection, navigation, forecast Communication, navigation, weather forecast In situ measurements, unobstructed observations Exploration, travel/pleasure, colonization, literature Drive Space drives technological development: Structures: ultrathin/light but resistant Material science: microgravity synthesis Imaging: remote sensing at all wavelength Medical sciences: metabolism modeling Electronics: radiation harden components And new markets: space tourism. Challenge BFV, 01/07/2008 &quot;To boldly go where no one has gone before...&quot; Space as the final frontier New colonization opportunities Space implies risks 4 MAE 146: Astronautics Introduction How do we go to space? Team work Space is a collective, international enterprise: <a href="/keyword/government-agencies/" >government agencies</a> : NASA, ESA, RKA, JAXA, CNSA, ... NASA employs more than 16,500 people Industries: Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Ball Aerospace, ... BFV, 01/07/2008 5 MAE 146: Astronautics Introduction How do we go to space? Team work Space is a collective, international enterprise: <a href="/keyword/government-agencies/" >government agencies</a> : NASA, ESA, RKA, JAXA, CNSA, ... NASA employs more than 16,500 people Industries: Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Ball Aerospace, EADS,... Why? BFV, 01/07/2008 5 MAE 146: Astronautics Introduction How do we go to space? Team work Space is a collective, international, enterprise: <a href="/keyword/government-agencies/" >government agencies</a> : NASA, ESA, RKA, JAXA, CNSA, ... NASA employs more than 16,500 people Industries: Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Ball Aerospace, ... Why? Space systems are too complex for a single entity to handle: space systems are build from multiple subsystems shared internationally. Examples: Tracking systems space systems require round the clock attention. Need for international collaboration Space is a strategic place (game of power): space is regulated by national and international laws : Example: Geostationary satellites are assigned &quot;slots&quot; per country. Space is expensive! (Is it so when compared to military budget?) BFV, 01/07/2008 5 MAE 146: Astronautics Introduction How do we go to space? Team work Space as a collective, international enterprise: <a href="/keyword/government-agencies/" >government agencies</a> : NASA, ESA, RKA, JAXA, CNSA, ... Industries: Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Ball Aerospace, ... Systems approach Space systems are divided into functional subsystems: Launch vehicle, Trajectory planning, Operation support,... Subsystems are assigned to teams, agencies, companies. Overall systems are supervised by systems engineers &amp; managers Management often remains a challenge! BFV, 01/07/2008 5 MAE 146: Astronautics Introduction How do we go to space? Team work Space as a collective, international enterprise: <a href="/keyword/government-agencies/" >government agencies</a> : NASA, ESA, RKA, JAXA, CNSA, ... Industries: Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Ball Aerospace, ... Systems approach Space systems are divided into functional subsystems: Examples: Trajectory planning, Navigation, Communications,... Subsystems are assigned to teams or groups. Overall systems are supervised by systems engineers. Management often remains a challenge. Space as an engineering discipline With dedicated Engineers! BFV, 01/07/2008 Make the dream a reality Design systems meeting stringent requirements Control every aspect of the different (sub)systems 5 MAE 146: Astronautics Introduction Space missions and systems Mission A mission is the envelope defining a space system, from initial concept definition, design to the implementation, operation and end of life. Driven by customers needs/requirements. Mission objectives are formulated from the needs. Operational concepts are then proposed Mission systems Achieving a mission goal requires several elements: Launch vehicles Trajectory planning Spacecraft systems Mission operations Management office! BFV, 01/07/2008 6 MAE 146: Astronautics Introduction Astronautical Engineers Dynamics In all their elements and phases, space missions involve motion: The spacecraft is a dynamical systems and orbital mechanics/attitude control from a core knowledge characteristic of space enterprise. Engineers Astronautical engineers, must model, analyze, design, navigate and control crafts sent to space. They are: Technical experts, basing their practice on sound theoretical and technical knowledge of space dynamics. Carry responsibilities, sometimes on human lifes. Part of a larger game. Astronautics can thus be defined as the engineering science and technology of spaceflight. Course plan BFV, 01/07/2008 In this course we will talk about the mechanics behind space flight, lying at the core of the astronautical engineer expertise. We will proceed from liftoff to landing 7