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outline Lecture for Monday, October 1, 2007 (Chem 100, section 2) Topic: Energy of phases transitions and temperature changes Start with Review of Energy/Enthalpy Concepts Tabulated heats of reactions Exothermic: system heats surroundings Endothermic: surroundings heat system Hrxn Erxn (PV ngasRT is small) Hrxn and Erxn are mostly due to bond breaking and formation Forming bonds releases energy (to surroundings) so exothermic Hrxn and Erxn depend slightly on T, P Energetics of Phase Changes Hfus = Hrxn for X(s) X(l) Hvap = Hrxn for X(l) X(g) (measures average intermolecular force (total, per molecule)) Generally 0 < Hfus < Hvap Intermolecular forces determine Hfus, Hvap, Tm and Tb Specific and Molar Heat Capacity c, and C (cs and Cm) Calorimetry Constant V: Consant P: Coffee cup calorimetry Imagine two step process for exothermic rxn. 1.Reaction occurs. Products are higher T than reactants (T). (q = 0 because insulated) 2.Heat is slowly transferred to surroundings to return to original T (-T). (q is negative - heat flows out) Hrxn = qstep1 + qstep2 = qstep2 = -q(reverse of step 2) = -(cproducts + ccup in J/K) T Grab-bag quiz on Wednesday will be first 15 minutes of class, and will include questions similar to the Grabbag problems from Chapter 5 and sections 6.1 and 6.2. On-line homework due today, Friday and next Monday. The first midterm exam is next Wednesday, October 10. This is the first 55-minute exam for this course, and it will count as about much as all eleven quizzes combined. So this is important ,and you should be studying seriously for it, starting now. Topics covered on the midterm include all topics from the syllabus for the first five weeks of the course, up to and including the topics shown below. Many of the questions will be similar to the grab bag problems, but I may also include some multiple choice or fill in the blank problems that are worded differently from problems in the book. Oct. 1 Energy of phase and temperature changes (12.1-12.2start; pp. 425430) Calorimetry (6.3-6.4; pp. 235-240) Grab Bag: EOC: 12.4, 12.9, 12.19, FUP 6.3-6.6; EOC: 6.31, 6.35, 6.41, 6.48, 6.50, 6.54, 6.58 Oct. 5 (Nuclear Reactions) Nuclear Decays and Radioactivity (24.1; pp. 1046-1053) Kinetics of nuclear decays (24.2, pp. 1054-1059; optional 16.4, pp. 686-691) Grab Bag: FUP 6.7-6.9; Grab Bag: FUP 24.1-24.3; EOC: EOC: 6.63, 6.65, 6.67, 24.1ab, 24.4, 24.8, 24.10, 24.14, 24.22, 6.75, 6.86, 6.103 FUP 24.4-24.5; EOC 24.33, 24.39, 24.41, 24.43, 24.125 Oct. 3 QUIZ. Hess's Law and using Heats of Formation (6.5-6.6; pp. 240-248) Recitation: Calorimetry Lab: Come to your assigned lab section at 1:00. Bring your lab manuals and lab notebook (see syllabus) and wear closed-toe shoes (no sandals). EXPERIMENT 8 THIS WEEK. Determination of the Gas Law Constant. Look it over before coming to lab, and it will help you to be efficient in lab if you outline the procedure in youjr lab notebook.

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