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Study Case 4 PHA 5127 Aminoglycosides Answers provided by Jeffrey Stark Graduate Student Background Gentamicin is used to treat a wide variety of infections. However, due to its toxicity, its use must be restricted to the therapy of life-threatening infections and those for which a less toxic antimicrobial agent is ineffective. Gentamicin follows a onecompartment body model with first-order elimination. Protein binding is low for gentamicin (depending on the test performed, binding is reported to be 0-30%). The volume of distribution is in the range of 10-40L and the half-life is around 2 hours (although there may be considerable variation in this parameter). Dosage is normally 1.0 mg/kg every 8 hours for 7-10 days. The therapeutic range is 1-6 mg/L. Gentamicin is commonly administered via short-term infusions. However, for this case study, assume that the infusions are sufficiently short as to allow IV bolus equations to be used for any necessary calculations. (Don t worry, we ll see all of the infusion expressions soon enough. Perhaps too soon for many of you, especially the algebraically and exponentially challenged). Patient information Mr. I.P. Little (the names have been changed to protect the innocent) is a 69 year old black male with a history of diabetes and hypertension. He is being treated with gentamicin for an infection in his lower leg. The infection was the result of a puncture wound which progressed due to poor circulation and immune response. Additional patient information is given below. height 5 9 weight 170 lb SCr 1.3 mg/100mL Note: Serum creatinine may also be expressed as 1.3 mg/dL While the patient is most likely on other medications as well, assume no drug-drug interactions when addressing the following questions. D:\pha4120-5127\Case Studies\case4gentamicin\ans-case4-gentamicin.doc 1 Questions (1) Predict the creatinine clearance of this patient. Is this in the normal range? If not, explain and propose a plausible reason for any deviation from the normal value. Of what importance is Clcreat in this case study? Why is the ideal body weight (IBW) used in the calculation rather than the actual weight? Calculate Clcreat for this patient. This may be done with the equation, Cl creat (male) = (140 age) IBW 72 Cp creat Note: this is an empirically derived equation. Age is in years, IBW is in kg, and Cpcreat is in mg/100ml. This results in Clcreat in mL/min. First, we must find IBW: IBW (male) = 50 kg + 2.3 kg for each inch over 5 ft. = 50 kg + (2.3kg)(9) Since patient is 5 9 = 70.7 kg Returning to the Clcreat calculation. Cl creat (male) = (140 69)(70.7) = 53.6ml / min (72)(1.3) Normal GFR = 125 ml/min. since Clcreat reflects GFR, we know that there is some renal dysfunction in this patient. This GFR is well below half the normal value and could be due to some undisclosed disease state or simply the age of the patient. Clcreat is an important consideration in this case study because aminoglycosides are eliminated via glomerular filtration. Any change in GFR will affect the clearance of gentamicin. We must use IBW in the calculation of Clcreat since creatinine is produced by muscle metabolism and not fat. Special equations are employed when the patient is obese (the adjusted body weight). (2) Predict the ke and t1/2 of gentamicin starting with the equation which relates ke to creatinine clearance. Then, calculate these parameters based on the expression Cl=ke*Vd assuming a Vd of, say,15L (which falls within the normal range). Discuss any difference between the two values. The equation relating ke to Clcreat is k e = (0.00293) Cl creat + 0.014 D:\pha4120-5127\Case Studies\case4gentamicin\ans-case4-gentamicin.doc 2 Again, this is an empirically derived equation. Clcreat is in ml/min and ke is in hr-1 . For this patient, k e = (0.00293)(53.6) + 0.014 = 0.171hr 1 This ke would give a gentamicin half-life of t1 / 2 = ln 2 0.693 = = 4.1hr ke 0.171hr 1 Of course, we may calculate ke if Cl and Vd are known (since these two independent parameters dictate the elimination rate); Cl = k e Vd may be rearranged to give Cl ke = Vd Using the creatinine clearance calculated in question (1) and assuming Vd = 15L, we find ke = 53.6ml / min 1L 60 min = .214hr 1 15L 1000ml 1hr With this ke, we would expect the gentamicin half-life to be t1 / 2 = ln 2 0.693 = = 3.2hr ke 0.214hr 1 The values calculated from the two methods are rather close. A half-life of 3.7 hr is not that different from one of 3.2 hr. since the first method is a rough estimate of ke and we guessed at the Vd in the second method, we really cannot comment as to which is closest to the actual ke. We need actual data points (gentamicin concentration at different time points) in order to calculate the pertinent pharmacokinetic parameters for this patient. D:\pha4120-5127\Case Studies\case4gentamicin\ans-case4-gentamicin.doc 3 (3) Using the kinetic parameters found in the part of question (2), calculate the peak and trough levels for gentamicin expected from a dose of 70mg every 8 hours. Do this for the first dose and for the steady-state conditions. Dosing regimen: 70 mg gentamicin every 8 hrs. In this question, we are asked to calculate peak and trough levels for gentamicin following the dosing regimen above. Although short-term infusions are used, we will assume the infusions are short enough as to allow the IV equations bolus to be substituted for the more complex infusion equations. This may not always be possible. However since you must first learn to walk before you begin to run, we will make things a bit easier. Start with a simple sketch At steady state, there are no changes between subsequent peaks or troughs. Calculating the peak and trough levels after the first dose is easy. The peak is simply the initial concentration following an IV bolus dose of 70 mg: D Cp 0 = Vd To use this equation, we need the value of Vd. Using the Cl and ke values based on serum creatine levels calculated in question (2), we find Cl = k e Vd Solving for Vd to give Vd = Cl 53.6ml / min 60 min 1L = = 18.8L 1 ke 1hr 1000ml 0.171hr Note: If this is correct, we underestimated the Vd used in the previous question. D:\pha4120-5127\Case Studies\case4gentamicin\ans-case4-gentamicin.doc 4 The Cp0 is thus, Cp 0 = Cp ( peak )1 = 70mg = 3.7mg / L 18.8L The trough occurs 8 hours later (just prior to the 2nd dose) Cp (trough)1 = Cp ( peak )1 e ke This is the exact equation we used previously, Cp (t ) = D k et e = Cp 0 e ket Vd Since we want the Cp at the end of the dosing interval, we set t = 8 hours = . So, Cp (trough )1 = (3.7mg / L) e ( 0.171hr 1 )(8 hr ) = 0.94mg / L The equations for calculating concentrations at steady-state are easy to identify. They always include the accumulation factor (1 e ke ) in the denominator. The peak at SS is Cp ( peak ) ss = Cp 0 D = k e (1 e ) Vd (1 e ke ) = 4.96 ~ 5.0mg / L = 3.7 mg / L [1 e ( 0.171hr 1 )(8 hr ) ] Just as with the trough after the 1st dose, the trough after a dose at steady-state is found by multiplying the peak value by a factor to account for elimination during the dosing interval (here we have 8 hours for elimination). Cp (trough ) ss = Cp ( peak ) ss e ke = (5.0mg / L) e (0.171 hr 1 )(8 hr ) = 1.3mg / L D:\pha4120-5127\Case Studies\case4gentamicin\ans-case4-gentamicin.doc 5 (4) Plasma levels were drawn and gentamicin levels determined after the first dose (70mg every 8 hours). The concentrations were 5.8 mg/L and 3.8 mg/L at 0 and 2 hours post infusion, respectively. Using this data, recalculate the ke, t1/2, Vd, and Cl for this patient. Drug monitoring allows us to customize a dosing regimen for a given patient. Here we are given two data points following the first dose. This will allow us to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters for this patient and better predict plasma levels for repeated dosing. The data points are. Cp(mg/L) 5.8 3.8 t(hr) 0 2 From the data given, we can easily calculate ke. k e = m = t1 / 2 = (ln 5.8 ln 3.8) = 0.211hr 1 0 2 ln 2 0.693 = = 3.3hr ke 0.211hr 1 Since the first data point given is at time = 0 hr, we can find Vd with equal ease. Cp 0 = D Vd Solving this for Vd gives Vd = D 70mg = = 12.1L Cp 0 5.8mg / L D:\pha4120-5127\Case Studies\case4gentamicin\ans-case4-gentamicin.doc 6 We may now calculate clearance: Cl = k e Vd = (0.211hr 1 )(12.1L) = 2.55 L / hr (5) Using the kinetic parameters found in question (4), calculate the steady-state gentamicin concentrations (peak and trough) expected for a dosing regimen of 70mg every 8 hours. Are these levels within the desired therapeutic range? If not, what changes in the dosing regimen would you recommend (keep the dosing interval at 8 hours)? Determining peak and trough levels using the parameters just calculated for this patient. Although not required in this problem, peak and trough levels are shown below for the 1st dose as well as dosing at steady-state. Cp ( peak )1 = 5.8mg / L (one of the data points given) Cp (trough)1 = Cp ( peak )1 e ke = (5.8mg / L) e ( 0.211 hr At steady-state, Cp ss ( peak ) = Cp 0 5.8mg / L = = 7.1mg / L 1 k e (1 e ) [1 e ( 0.211hr )(8hr ) ] 1 1 )(8 hr ) = 1.07 ~ 1.1mg / L Cp ss (trough) = Cp ss ( peak ) e ke = (7.1mg / L) e (0.211 hr )(8 hr ) = 1.3mg / L These are a little high. While the trough value is in the therapeutic range of 0-6 mg/L, the predicted peak of 7.1 mg/L may lead to toxic side effects. We might recommend decreasing the dose to give a steady-state peak of 6.0 mg/L (the upper limit of the therapeutic window). To calculate this dose, we must solve the appropriate equation for D. Cp ss ( peak ) = D Vd (1 e ke ) which rearranged to yield D = Cp ss ( peak ) Vd (1 e ke ) = (6.0mg / L)(12.1L) [1 e (0.211 hr = 59.2mg ~ 60mg 1 )(8 hr ) ] D:\pha4120-5127\Case Studies\case4gentamicin\ans-case4-gentamicin.doc 7 A dosing regimen of 60 mg every 8 hours would provide steady-state levels of Cp ss ( peak ) = D / Vd (60mg / 12.1L) = = 6.1mg / L 1 k e (1 e ) [1 e ( 0.211hr )(8 hr ) ] 1 Cp ss (trough) = Cp ss ( peak ) e ke = (6.1mg / L) e (0.211 hr )(8 hr ) = 1.1mg / L This dosing regimen should be acceptable. Recall that we are using IV bolus equations even though the administration of the drug is actually via short-term infusions. These IV bolus equations will overestimate the Cp levels. The degree to which these equations overestimate the concentrations is dependent on the infusion rate and the rate of elimination. D:\pha4120-5127\Case Studies\case4gentamicin\ans-case4-gentamicin.doc 8
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First96.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: Name:_ SS#: _ PHA 4120 First Exam Fall 1996 On my honor, I have neither given or received unauthorized aid in doing this assignment. Name Question/Points 1. _/5 2. _/12 3. _/5 4. __/4 5. _/4 6. _/10 7. _/10 8. _/10 9. _/10 10. _/10 TOTAL _/80 x 1....
ans-cs3-06.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: Case Study 3 PHA 5127 Fall 2006 1: Predict the changes in Cl given the following scenarios: h Parameter fraction of unbound drug intrinsic clearance hepatic blood flow Low Extraction Drug Direction of change Increases Decreases Increases effect ...
cs4-05.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: PHA5127 Case Study #4 Fall 2005 1. Jonathan Weasley is put on aminoglycoside therapy and given an i.v. bolus injection of 10mg of drug A, which has a clearance rate equal to the creatinine clearance and a volume of distribution of 26 L. This 34 year ...
Ans-HW2-00.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: PHA 5127 Answers Homework 2 Fall 2000 Jeffrey Stark Given information: 100 mg dose (IV bolus) 1 compartment body model fu = 0.50, QH = 90 L/hr Patient A B Cp(0) 1.25 mg/L 2.5 mg/L Cp(2 hrs) 0.89 mg/L 1.27 mg/L 1. Why is the initial plasma concentra...
cs3-08.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: Case Study # 3 Question Q1) Say true or false TF (Fall 2008) PHA 5127 Clearance defines the amount of drug eliminated from body per unit time T F For any drug, the AUC is affected by its dose and volume of distribution T F As intrinsic clearance ...
FINALExam2003 Key.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: Name: _ UFID#: _ PHA 5127 Final Exam Key Fall 2003 On my honor, I have neither given nor received unauthorized aid in doing this assignment. Name Please transfer the answers onto the bubble sheet. The question number refers to the number on the bub...
prob_set_1.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: ...
cs3-02.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: PHA 5127 Case Study 3 Fall 2002 1. 2. Is it possible that the renal clearance can exceed the hepatic clearance in a patient with normal kidney and liver function? Which of the following factors significantly affect the renal clearance of an unionized...
hw2-04.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: PHA 5127 Homework #2 Fall 2004 Question No. 1 A male patient, about 21 years old was admitted to the hospital due to acute intoxication. He was given a 400 mg i.v. bolus injection of a liver protecting drug XY. After therapeutic drug monitoring the p...
ans-hw5-03.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: PHA 5127 Fall 2003 Homework # 5 - Answers 1. B.C., a 65-year-old, 55 kg, 61 tall male with a serum creatinine of 1.6mg/dL, is about to receive drug X orally (assume: absorption is so fast that we can use IV bolus model). Design a dosing regimen (cal...
IV-MET.XLS
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: 12232161.xls INPUT D [mg] KMET/KE 1 Parent Met OUTPUT 50 0.5 0.1 0.01 Vd-p (L) CL-p (L/h) Vd-Met (L) CL-Met (L/h) 200 50 50 50 0 0 0 6 M 12 18 Ke (1/h) t1/2 (h) AUC (mg/L*h) kmet (1/h) 24 Cp M k met * D k e *t k e *t =MM (e e ) Vd ( k e ...
ans-hw4-03.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: PHA 5127 Key to Homework #4 Fall, 2003. Question 1: Drug X follows a one-compartment body model after an IV bolus injection. After a patient was given 200 mg through IV bolus administration, the drug concentrations at 0.5 hour and 5 hour were measure...
MULINJ.XLS
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: 12232164.xls INPUT D [mg] 4 4 tau [h] 4 4 n 12 12 CL 14 30 Vd 200 200 rss = 1 1 e ke 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 OUTPUT 82 62 r(ss) 4.1 Cpave(ss) # ke [1/h] 0.07 Peak(ss) Trough(ss) F 0 6 12 18 24 1.3 Page 1 12232164.xls Page 2 12232164.xl...
ans-cs3-02.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: PHA 5127 Case Study 3 - answer key Fall 2002 1. Is it possible that the renal clearance can exceed the hepatic clearance in a patient with normal kidney and liver function? (In this case, we only consider the physiological capacity of the body. If we...
hw4-07.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: Homework 4 PHA 5127 Fall 2007 (Total 10 Points) 1. For the physiological changes listed below, determine what will happen on the pharmacokinetic parameters for a lipophilic, protein bound, high extraction drug cleared by liver. (3 pts) Q f Clint fu...
cs1-05.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: Case Study 1 1. A 50 year old male suffering from pneumonia was given a 1000mg IV bolus dose of the antibiotic Baqilmycin. The following table contains his plasma concentrations. Time (min) 5 30 60 100 200 Concentration (mg/L) 7.8 5.7 3.9 2.4 0.7 Ca...
more-drug-distribution.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: Volume of distribution and the effects of plasma protein and tissue binding PHA 5127 Fall1998 Basic Principles of Dose Optimization J Stark For an iv bolus injection of a drug following a one-compartment body model, the initial concentration is Cp0 ...
cs7-07.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: PHA 5127 Fall 2007 Case Study #1 #1) Vancomycin concentration-time profiles can be described via a three-compartment model. Which profile will represent a 1-hour infusion of vancomycin in the following graph? Please provide an explanation for your an...
hw3-07.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: Homework #3 PHA 5127 2007 1. a. Estimate the volume of distribution if the volume of plasma is 3L, the volume of tissue is 20L, and the fraction unbound in plasma is twice as much as the fraction unbound in tissue (2pts). b. What will the effect be o...
cs3-03.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: PHA 5127 Case study III (Fall 2003) Case #1: A 36 year old female patient was admitted into hospital because of gram-positive bacteria infection. She is 66 inches tall with weight of 70 Kg. The physician decided to give her gentamicin via i.v. bolus ...
ans-hw3-06.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: PHA 5127 Homework #3 1. Drug A is administered as a 250 mg IV bolus dose. 2 hours after administration the concentration in plasma is 4 mg/L and 10 hours after administration the concentration in plasma is 1 mg/L. This lipophilic drug is cleared by t...
ans-first-07.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: Name: _ UFID#: _ PHA 5127 First Exam Fall 2007 On my honor, I have neither given nor received unauthorized aid in doing this assignment. KEY Name Question Set/Points I. II. III. IV V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. 15 pts 10 pts 10 pts 6 pts 15 pts 15 pts 10 p...
INF-S.XLS
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: 12232184.xls INPUT Ko 200 200 (mg/h) T (h) 10 20 Vd (L) 200 200 CL tot. 64 64 (L/h) Cp = 8 6 4 2 0 0 6 12 18 24 C ss OUTPUT (mg/L) AUC (mg*h/L) t1/2 (h) Ke (1/h) ko ko ko (1 e k e t ) Cp ss = Cp = ( e k e T 1 k e t )e k e Vd Cltot k e Vd Pa...
2slog100.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ...
hw1-02.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: 1. Cocaine is known to follow one-compartment model pharmacokinetics. After 30mg is administered as a single i.v. bolus dose, the following data were observed. Time (h) 0.5 1 2 3 a. b. c. d. e. Calculate its half-life and elimination rate constant. ...
FIRST95.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: PHA 4120 Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics First Exam Fall 1995 Name: SS#: _ _ Total Points 1. _/5pts 2. _/5pts 3. _/5pts 4. _/5pts 5. _/6pts 6. _/4pts 7. __/12pts 8. _/6pts 9. _/6pts 10. _/6pts 11. _/6pts 12. _/6pts 13. _/6pts 14. _/8pts T...
hw2-02.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: PHA 5127 Homework 2 Fall 2002 Question 1 A 41 yr old, 60 kg female patient with gram-negative pneumonia infection, was treated with gentamicin and ampicillin. Gentamicin has been given as an iv bolus (2 mg/kg). The AUC0- in this patient calculated fr...
hw2-01.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: Homework 2 PHA 5127 Fall 2001 A drug with a clearance of 80 L/h was administered to two pharmacy students by IV bolus injection. This resulted in an AUC0- of 12.5 mg/L/h and the half-life in student A was 1.73 h and in student B was 3.47 h. This drug...
hw5-03.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: PHA 5127 Fall 2003 Homework # 5 1. B.C., a 65-year-old, 55 kg, 61 tall male with a serum creatinine of 1.6mg/dL, is about to receive drug X orally (assume: absorption is so fast that we can use IV bolus model). Design a dosing regimen (calculate dos...
FINAL95-key.PDF
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: PHA 4120 Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutics Final Fall 1995 Key 1. Mark whether the following statements concerning oral bioequivalence are true (T) or false (F). (8 pts) TF TF TF TF Cpmax and tmax are sufficient to assess bioequivalency AUC does...
cs2-02.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: PHA 5127 Case Study II Fall 2002 Review of important equations: C Cout Dose Extraction ratio: E = in Clearance: Cl = Q E and Cl = ke Vd = Cin AUC f u Clint Q f Clint Well-stirred model: E = Hepatic clearance: ClH = H u QH + f u Clint QH + f u ...
cs3-05.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: Case Study 3 PHA 5127 Assume GFR is 130 mL min-1 and urine flow is 1.5 mL min-1 . For the following situations, indicate whether the drug is: only filtered filtered and reabsorbed through passive diffusion filtered and actively secreted 1a) A drug w...
ans-cs3-08.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: Case study # 3 Q1) Say true or false (Fall 2008) Answers PHA 5127 T F Clearance defines the amount of drug eliminated from body per unit time T F For any drug, the AUC is affected by its dose and volume of distribution T F As intrinsic clearance d...
HW1-03.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: PHA 5127 Fall 2003 Homework # 1 1. After a 500mg i.v. bolus injection of a drug, the following data were collected. time / h conc. g/mL 1 2 3 4 6 8 10 72 51 33 20 14 9 4 a) Plot the data. Is the drug eliminated by a first-order or zero-order proces...
cs2-04.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: PHA 5127 Case study #2 1. Buproprion (Rx Wellbutrin) has the following pharmacokinetic properties: Absorption: Nearly complete and rapid absorption from the intestinal tract. Distribution: Readily crosses the blood-brain barrier and placenta as w...
cs5-04.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: Case Study 5 Fall 2004 1. A patient with pulmonary disease is receiving IV bolus injections of theophylline. The dose is 200 mg every 6 hr with satisfactory response. Recently, steady state theophylline plasma concentrations were determined to be 15 ...
apktoral.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: PHA 5127 Problem Set \"Pharmacokinetics After Oral Administration\" An 80 kg patient was given a tablet containing 400 mg of a drug. The drug is completely absorbed. Plasma and urine was assayed: Plasma Time [hrs] 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 2.0 3....
ans-hw2-07.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: Homework 2 PHA 5127 Fall 2007 (Total 10 Points) 1. Mark whether the following statements are True or False (0.5 points each) TF TF TF TF TF TF a. Apparent volume of distribution (Vd) will never excess the total body volume. (F) b. At equilibrium, t...
PKPD-New.xls
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: 1 0.95 0.9 0.85 0.8 0.75 0.7 0.65 0.6 0.55 0.5 0.45 0.4 0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 Row 1 12232212.xls INPUT D [ug] Vd (L) CL (L/h) EC50 (ug/L) 100 Conc (ug/L) 1000 30 20 0.30 60 30 20 0.30 OUTPUT 10 1 0 6 12 Time 18 24 Page 3 12232...
hw3-03.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: PHA 5127 Fall 2003 Homework # 3 1. B.G., a 62-year-old, 50 kg female, was admitted to the hospital for possible digoxin toxicity. Her serum creatinine was 3.0 mg/dL and her dosing regimen at home had been 0.25 mg of digoxin daily for many months. T...
ans-hw6-06.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: PHA 5127 Fall 2006 Homework #6 Answer sheet 10 points maximum 1. Calculation of C(t) after multiple i.v. bolus administration (assuming linear pharmacokinetics and a one-compartment body model). 1.5 points D 1 e nketau ket C (t ) = e ketau Vd ...
a1COMPURN.PDF
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: PHA 5127 Problem Set \"One Compartment Model with i.v. Injection Only Urinary Elimination A 70 kg patient was given a bolus i.v. injection of 1000 mg of a drug. The drug is not bound to plasma proteins and is excreted unchanged solely into the urine. ...
cs3-04.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: PHA 5127 Case Study III Fall 2004 Case 1: Two pharmacy students wanted to have some fun, and bet for $20 who would have the higher creatinine clearance. Homer J. is 25 years old and 49 tall. Even though he is very small, he weighs 210 lbs., due to ma...
ans-final-2000.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: ...
hw6-07.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: Homework # 6 (PHA 5127) Fall 2007 SET I: (4 points) J.M receives IV bolus antibiotic-143 at a dose of 300 mg every 8 hr (TID). At steady state, peak concentration is 30g/ml; and it dropped to 9g/ml within 4hr, (assuming this antibiotic-143 follows a ...
key-exam3-07.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: Name: _ UFID#: _ PHA 5127 Final Exam Fall 2007 On my honor, I have neither given nor received unauthorized aid in doing this assignment. Name Please transfer the answers onto the bubble sheet. The question number refers to the number on the bubb...
ans-first-05.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: Name: _ UFID #: _ PHA 5127 First Exam Fall 2005 On my honor, I have neither given nor received unauthorized aid in doing this assignment. Name Put all answers on the bubble sheet TOTAL _/160 pts 1 Name: __ UFID #: _ Question Set I (True or Fals...
ans-hw4-06.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: PHA 5127 Homework 4 Fall 2006 (10 points total) 1) Mark is a 65-year-old, 57, 105kg man with a serum creatinine concentration of 2.2mg/dL. He is going to receive an antibiotic A for his infection. Knowing this drug is mainly eliminated by Glomerula...
ans-cs4-06.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: Case Study 4 PHA 5127 Fall 2006 1 A. What happens to the bioavailability of a high extraction drug when the following parameters are increased: Fu, QH, Clint As Fu and Clint increase the bioavailability decreases. As QH increases the bioavailability...
key-first-04.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: Name: _ OR UFID #: _ PHA 5127 First Exam Fall 2004 On my honor, I have neither given nor received unauthorized aid in doing this assignment. Name Put all answers on the bubble sheet. If you need to comment or question a problem please note this on...
ans-hw3-04.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: Solution to Homework3 1. a. CrCL=(140-age)*weight/70=(140-30)*70/70=110 mL/min b. ke=0.00293*CrCL+0.014=0.00293*110+0.014=0.3363 hr-1 c. CLT=ke*Vd=0.3363*16.5=5.55 L/hr d. kenonren=0.014 hr-1 and CLnonren=kenonren*Vd=0.014*16.5=0.231 L/hr e. CLren=CL...
ans-hw6-04.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: Homework 6 PHA 5127 Fall 2004 1.) The extent to which a drug is absorbed partially determines its: a.) b.) c.) d.) half-life bioavailability volume of distribution elimination rate Use the following information to answer questions 2 and 3. A patient...
ans-hw6-03.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: PHA 5127 Key to Homework #6 Fall, 2003. Question 1: Drug X was given ORALLY to two patients, A and B, respectively. As reported from literature, drug X follows first order absorption and elimination. Please find out if the following statements are co...
distribution.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: PHA 5127 Problem Set \"Drug Distribution\" 1. Mark whether the following statements are True or False. Answer: T T F F drugs which are very lipophilic tend to distribute well into body tissues. drugs which are predominantly ionized at physiologic pH...
hw6-04.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: Homework 6 PHA 5127 Fall 2004 1.) The extent to which a drug is absorbed partially determines its: a.) b.) c.) d.) half-life bioavailability volume of distribution elimination rate Use the following information to answer questions 2 and 3. A patient...
hw1-06.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: PHA 5127 Fall 2006 Homework #1 1. Identify which of the graphs below exhibit zero-order and first order kinetics. For which elimination is the half-life (t1/2) dependent on the concentration? Write the equations and give explanations. 25 25 ln Conc...
ORAL-S.XLS
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: 12232535.xls INPUT D [mg] F (Bioavail) 0.5 2 0.4 60 0.3 1 0.2 1 0.1 100 0 0 20 OUTPUT tmax (h) Peak (mg/L) Ke (1/h) t1/2 (h) 24 AUC (mg/L*h) 1 60 1 0.3 100 20 ka (1/h) Vd (L) CL (L/h) 6 12 18 f * D * ka ke t Cp = (e e ka t ) Vd ( k a k e...
hw6-03.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: PHA 5127 Homework #6 Fall, 2003. Question 1: Drug X was given ORALLY to two patients, A and B, respectively. As reported from literature, drug X follows first order absorption and elimination. Please find out if the following statements are correct. ...
hw4-06.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: PHA 5127 Homework 4 Fall 2006 (10 points total) 1) Mark is a 65-year-old, 57, 105kg man with a serum creatinine concentration of 2.2mg/dL. He is going to receive an antibiotic A for his infection. Knowing this drug is mainly eliminated by Glomerula...
hw1_08.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: PHA 5127 (Fall, 2008) Homework #1 (10 points) Please show your calculations and make sure your numerical answers have units! Q1. 1000 mg of drug A was administered to a patient as a single i.v. bolus dose. The following plasma concentrations were ob...
ans-hw3-03.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: PHA 5127 Fall 2003 Homework # 3 - Answers 1. B.G., a 62-year-old, 50 kg female, was admitted to the hospital for possible digoxin toxicity. Her serum creatinine was 3.0 mg/dL and her dosing regimen at home had been 0.25 mg of digoxin daily for many...
IVPHY-GFR.XLS
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: 12232254.xls INPUT D [mg] fu fuT GFR Vp [L] VTW [L] [ml/min] 4 0.3 0.3 65 4 0.3 0.3 130 125 100 75 50 25 0 0 6 12 18 24 3 35 3 35 V fu =V p +VTW fu T CL = GFR * Page 1 12232254.xls Page 2 12232254.xls Page 3 12232254.xls Page 4 12232...
ans-hw1-02.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: PHA 5127 Homework 1 solution: 1. (50) a. ke=-(lnC2-lnC1)/(t2-t1)=-(ln0.01-ln0.0736)/(3-1)=1 hr-1 t1/2=0.693/ke=0.693 hr b. Since C=C0e-ket, C0=C/e-ket=0.0736/e-1*1=0.2 mg/L (Take 1 hr data point here. Any point is fine). c. V=Dose/C0=30/0.2=150 L d. ...
cs5-07.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: PHA 5127 Case Study 5 Fall 2007 SET I: True or False T F 1: A one compartment model means that drug in the blood is in rapid equilibration with drug in extravascular tissues. 2: For a linear model, the rate constant for elimination is not proportiona...
IV-S.XLS
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: 12232257.xls INPUT D [mg] Vd (L) CL (L/h) 60 100 24 60 100 48 D et C= ek Vd 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 6 12 18 24 Page 1 12232257.xls Page 2 12232257.xls Page 3 12232257.xls Page 4 12232257.xls Page 5 12232257.xls Page 6 1223225...
ans-hw1-99.PDF
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: (PHA 5127) Answers for Homework 1 1. Give the equation that may be used to calculate the half-life when (1) two time points and the corresponding concentrations are known, or (2) clearance and volume of distribution are known, or (3) the elimination ...
cs4-07.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: PHA 5127 Case Study 4 Fall 2007 1. For the following situations, indicate whether the drug is filtered, reabsorbed or actively secreted (Assume GFR is 130 mL min-1, urine flow is 1.5 ml min-1) A drug with fu = 0.02 and a ClREN = 20 mL min-1 is __ ...
PKMATH-stark.PDF
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: Mathematics in Pharmacokinetics What and Why (A second attempt to make it clearer) We have used equations for concentration (C) as a function of time (t). We will continue to use these equations since the plasma concentrations of drugs will be import...
ans-first-02.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: Name: _ SS#: _ PHA 5127 First Exam Fall 2002 On my honor, I have neither given nor received unauthorized aid in doing this assignment. Name Question/Points 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. _/15 pts _/15 pts _/15 pts _/15 pts _/25 pts _/15pts TOTAL _/100 pts 1 ...
hw1-00.pdf
Path: UF >> PHA >> 5127 Fall, 2008
Description: Homework 1 (PHA5127) 1. The elimination rate constant of a drug is 1 hr-1. A. Calculate its half-life. B. Calculate the plasma concentration after 2 hours knowing that the drug was given as an i.v. bolus injection, and 1 hour after drug administratio...
