205
EXAM BIOS 1
fall 2006
A
On the scantron (your answer sheet) use a number 2 pencil to: 1. fill in form A 2. fill in your name 3. fill in an ID number of your choosing and by which we may post your exam score. The number needs to be at least 6 digits long. Begin it all the way over to the left of the 9 spaces allotted and do NOT include any letters. 4. Blacken in the best choice for each of the questions below. On this question sheet, You may write on it. You will turn it in. 1. The nonfunctional, very reduced digestive tract of some parasites is an example of A. an exaptation (= a preadaptation). B. a zygote. C. a blastula. D. a phylogeny. *E. a vestigial trait. 2. Both birds and insects generally have wings. But the wings develop differently in the two groups: insect wings develop from extensions off of the limb, whereas the wings of birds develop from the entire limb. Wings in birds and insects are an example of *A. analogous structures. B. homologous structures. C. gene flow. D. phylogeny structures. E. Pangaea. 3. Which of the following pieces of evidence most strongly supports the common origin of all life on Earth? A. all organisms require energy *B. all organisms use essentially the same genetic code C. all organisms reproduce D. all organisms have undergone evolution E. all organisms have the same type of cells, e.g., with their DNA in a nucleus 4. The oldest fossil that has been discovered is approximately ___________ years old and is what type of cell? A. 3500; eukaryotic B. 3.5 million; eukaryotic C. 3.5 million; prokaryotic D. 3.5 billion; eukaryotic *E. 3.5 billion; prokaryotic 5. Gene flow is a concept best used to describe an exchange between A. species B. males and females C. individuals *D. populations E. cells
6. Hyperconsumerism is *A. very high consumption of resources. B. very low consumption of resources. C. also called autotrophism. D. also called heterotrophism. E. when people drive greater and greater distances between home and work. 7. A taxonomist tells you that the species you are holding belongs in the Kingdom Protista. Given this information, this species A. is a bacterium. B. is a moneran. C. is prokaryotic. *D. is eukaryotic. E. A, B, and C 8. Imagine a small isolated population of alpine plants. Some of the plants have leaves with smooth edges and some have leaves with scalloped (not smooth) edges. If this difference in phenotype lacks a genetic component (i.e., is not due to a difference in their DNA sequences), then *A. the environment can affect the relative abundance of plants with smooth leaves. B. any change in the relative abundance of plants with smooth leaves must be the result of natural selection. C. any change in the relative abundance of plants with smooth leaves must be an example of evolution. D. any change in the relative abundance of plants with smooth leaves must be an example of gene flow. E. any change in the relative abundance of plants with smooth leaves must be the result of random genetic drift. 9. If an individual organism has greater fitness than another individual, it must A. live longer B. compete more successfully for resources C. mate more frequently D. eat more *E. produce more offspring that survive to adulthood 10. Some people claim that a proficient engineer could easily design skeletal structures that are more functional (i.e., work better) than those currently found in the forelimbs of such diverse mammals as horses, whales and bats. That the actual forelimbs of these mammals do not seem to be optimally (best) arranged is because *A. an organism's structures evolve from preexisting structures, i.e., those in ancestors, rather than from scratch. B. mammals are primitive animals. C. mammals are lower animals. D. mammals are higher animals E. mammals are advanced animals 11. The correct sequence from the most comprehensive (i.e., includes the most organisms) to the least comprehensive of the taxonomic levels listed here is A. family, phylum, class, kingdom, order, species, and genus *B. kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species C. kingdom, phylum, order, class, family, genus, and species D. phylum, kingdom, order, class, family, genus, and species E. phylum, order, class, kingdom, genus, family, and species
12. Panthera is a(n) A. family *B. genus C. order D. phylum E. species 13. Consider a population of American toads in a pond: suppose that it consists of long jumpers and short jumpers, and the difference in jumping distance reflects a difference in genotype. Evolution is occurring in which of the following situations? A. the proportion of long jumping toads in the population increases because snapping turtles find (and eat) more short jumpers than long jumpers B. the proportion of long jumpers in the population increases because a lots of long jumpers migrate in from other ponds C. the proportion of short jumpers in the population increases to one (=100%) just by chance *D. all of the above E. A and B only 14. Which of the following statements is TRUE? *A. A single species can consist of multiple populations. B. A single population can consist of multiple species. C. A single population can consist of multiple genera. D. A single species can consist of multiple genera. E. A single genus can consist of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 15. Imagine a population of moths that are preyed upon by birds during the day. All the moths are the same light color. But some individuals always rest on dark trunks and some always rest on light trunks. This behavioral trait (what color trunk a moth rests on) is inherited. Given this information, if there are no migrations or mutations, over time (generations) there should be an increase in the frequency of individuals that A. are light. B. are dark. C. are half light and half dark. *D. rest on light trunks. E. rest on dark trunks. 16. When England became industrialized, the frequency of the dark form of the peppered moth increased. This was *A. an example of evolution. B. because the moths would have gone extinct otherwise. C. a result of pollution causing all the moths to mutate into dark forms. D. because the moths knew it was the only way to survive. E. all of the above 17. Insect populations become resistant to pesticides by natural selection. Which of these statements best describes the process. A. The pesticide builds up in each insect's body. B. The pesticide causes some insect individuals to develop resistance genes. C. The pesticide kills natural predators. *D. Individuals with genes for resistance survive to reproduce. E. all of the above
18. If the presence of spicules is an adaptation against predators, *A. spicules evolved by natural selection. B. spicules evolved by random genetic drift. C. spicules evolved by gene flow. D. spicules evolved by random genetic drift or gene flow. E. mutations for spicules occur only in a predator's presence. 19. Which of the following statements about evolution are true? Read each statement carefully. A. Evolution is the inheritance of acquired traits. B. Evolution occurs when an individual changes in response to its environment. *C. Evolution occurs. D. If the proportion of genotypes changes over time, that scientifically proves that God does not exist. E. all of the above 20. Mutation A. is the same thing as random genetic drift. B. is the same thing as natural selection. C. can occur in DNA (genetic material) only in muscle cells. *D. can cause changes in relative gene frequencies of subsequent generations. E. all of the above 21. Which of the following is an example of macroevolution? A. Darwin's voyage on the H.M.S. Beagle *B. extinction of the dinosaurs (at the end of the Cretaceous) industrial C. melanism in the peppered moth Biston betularia D. an increase in the proportion of pesticide resistant house flies, which took about 2 years. E. all of the above 22. Pangaea A. is an animal subkingdom B. is an extinct invertebrate. C. is another name for mutation. D. is long periods of little change in a trait, interrupted by short periods of rapid change. *E. no longer exists because of continental drift. 23. Spiders produce silk from spinnerets on their abdomens whereas caterpillars produce silk from modified saliva glands in their heads. That both spiders and caterpillars can produce silk is most likely due to A. common ancestry. *B. convergent evolution. C. parthenogenesis. D. torsion. E. all of the above 24. Compared to primitive traits, advanced traits A. are better adapted to their environment. B. came into existence longer ago (on a geological time scale). *C. came into existence more recently (on a geological time scale). D. A and B only E. A and C only
25. Electric eels can kill prey by electric shock. This ability to produce powerful shocks for prey capture seems to have evolved from the ability of the ancestors of eels to produce much weaker electric fields, which were used for orientation and communication, not for killing prey. This is an example of a trait evolving by means of A. a phylogeny. *B. a preadaptation = exaptation. C. a vestigial organ/structure. D. a symbiosis. E. convergent evolution. 26. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. If evolution occurs, God(s) cannot exist. *B. In court under sworn testimony, "scientific creationists" said their position is not science. C. When scientists talk about evolutionary theory, they mean they are not very sure that evolution occurs. D. Astronauts have directly seen with their own eyes that the earth goes around the sun. E. all of the above 27. Creationists often argue that in science classes, students should be taught two theories for the origin of life, evolution and the description in Genesis 1. What is wrong with that argument? (I.e., which of the following are true?) A. Because science teachers usually accept evolution, they cannot believe in God. B. The science teachers may be scientists, and scientists have to sign an oath of allegiance to evolution. C. Evolution should not be taught in science class because the overwhelming majority of scientists say that life did not evolve, that instead the diversity of current life can be scientifically explained as magic. *D. Data contradicts the creationist view in Genesis 1 (e.g., that all different kinds of living things came into existence in 6 days), and science is based on data. E. all of the above 28. There have been extinctions throughout history; what's the big deal about current extinctions? A. It's dangerously increasing biodiversity. B. Humans are one of the species on the verge of extinction because there are so few of us. *C. The rate is much higher than before people existed. D. It is moving the continents further and further apart. E. all of the above 29. Schistosomiasis is A. caused by a tapeworm. B. acquired by eating raw or undercooked pork. C. acquired by eating raw or undercooked fish. *D. caused by a fluke. E. the evolutionary process by which a species splits into 2 or more species. 30. Rotifers can reproduce parthenogenetically. Parthenogenesis means that A. an individual cut in half produces two new individuals. B. larvae look very different from adults. C. offspring are produced only from fertilized eggs. *D. offspring are produced from unfertilized eggs. E. reproduction only occurs in the larval stage.
31. If the distance is not very great, an animal does not have to expend energy to move molecules from one part of its body to another. Instead it can simply rely on the fact that all molecules are in motion, and by chance some of them will eventually bump their way to where they are needed. I have described animals making use of ____________. A. autotrophism. *B. diffusion. C. heterotrophism. D. peristalsis. E. schizocoely. 32. Endoderm is the embryonic germ layer that gives rise to A. nervous tissue. *B. the lining of the gut. C. skin. D. muscle. E. A and C 33. Protostomes have determinate cleavage, meaning that A. a cell isolated from the four-cell stage will develop into a normal larva. *B. a cell isolated from the four-cell stage will not develop into a normal larva. C. a single individual produces both sperm and eggs. D. it has a solid body that lacks a cavity around the internal organs. E. it can produce offspring from unfertilized eggs. 34. Sponges have A. gastrodermis. *B. spine-like structures or fibers. C. muscle tissue. D. hard exoskeletons of calcium carbonate. E. nervous tissue. 35. The nervous system of jellyfish is best described as A. nonexistent. B. a simple ring. C. a ring with extensions into the tentacles. *D. net-like. E. ladder-like, but with a brain at one end. 36. Platyhelminthes are commonly referred to as A. cnidarians. B. cnidocytes. C. earthworms. *D. flatworms. E. roundworms. 37. You can tell from the word roots that a protostome A. has a body as hard as a stone. *B. develops a mouth from the end of its digestive tract that forms first during development. C. develops a mouth from the end of its digestive tract that forms second during development. D. has no front or back, left or right, only a top and bottom. E. has a solid body that lacks a cavity around the internal organs.
38. An adult jellyfish is A. a cnidarian. B. a medusa. C. a polyp. *D. A and B E. A and C 39. Hydra are in *A. a phylum characterized by cnidocytes. B. a phylum characterized by porocytes. C. the same phylum as flukes. D. the same phylum as sponges. E. the same phylum as rotifers. 40. The intermediate host of blood flukes is A. cows. B. fish. C. humans. D. schistosomes. *E. snails. 41. Which of the following is associated with tapeworms? A. autotrophism B. cnidocytes C. porocytes D. separate mouth and anus *E. proglottids 42. By definition, marine organisms live A. in another animal and feed on it. B. in freshwater rivers, lakes, streams, ponds, or puddles. *C. in the ocean or the sea. D. on land. E. in underground burrows. 43. I would not expect you to be able to train a sponge to do tricks because they A. are not animals. B. do not ingest food. *C. lack nervous tissue. D. have a very small brain. E. have no cells. 44. Feeding by adult jellyfish is best described as A. autotrophic. B. filter feeding. C. herbivory. D. nonexisting. *E. predation.
45. Which of the following best exhibits cephalization? A. jellyfish B. corals C. sponges *D. planarians E. sea anemones 46. Corals are in the same phylum as *A. jellyfish. B. planarians. C. sponges D. rotifers E. all of the above 47. The nervous system of which of the following is described as a nerve net and basically looks like a hairnet, i.e., spread throughout with no brain? *A. cnidarians B. rotifers C. sponges D. platyhelminthes E. protozoa 48. The subkingdom Parazoa includes A. tapeworms. B. corals. C. rotifers. *D. sponges. E. trematodes. 49. In the lagoon you find an organism which is smaller than many protistans and has a crown of cilia which brings in food. This organism is in A. Cestoda=Cestoidea. B. Cnidaria *C. Rotifera. D. Trematoda. E. Turbellaria. 50. In its normal position, a medusa's A. mouth and anus face up. *B. mouth and anus face down. C. mouth faces up and anus faces down. D. mouth faces down and anus faces up. E. mouth and anus face to the sides. Sign the back of your scantron. To get the question sheet back, write your name and your TA's name (or lab day + time) at the top. teaching assistant = lab teacher) (TA =