Reforms The of Diocletian and Constantine
Established price controls Raised taxes Made occupations hereditary Diocletian
284-300 Most powerful person Ruled Eastern part of Empire Maintained seniority b/c he had job before western emperor
Constantine
300-337 Following Diocletian's reign, Constantine won a power struggle and got control Interested in reforming military and government administration
Political reforms
Division of the Empire Augustus- ruler of East or West Caesar-assistant emperor Tetrarchy-rule by 4 people (2 caesars and 2 augustus')
Military reforms
Reorganization and enlargement of the army Edict of Milan 313 AD
Economic and Social Trends
Imperial finances
Coercion and loss of individual freedom
Constantine's building program
Building of Constantinople (324-330)
The Empire's New Religion
Conversion of Constantine
Bishop of Rome said he should be over other bishops- Petrine Supremacy He governed Rome He was the successor to apostle St. Peter First bishop of Rome Arianism Heresy Belief that Jesus was not fully divine Council of Nicea 325 Church decided in 325 that Arianism was a heresy and Jesus was "of the same substance of God" Constantine agreed Established the Trinity as Christian doctrine 312 AD Constantine on a bridge north of Rome Made it legal to be a Christian
The End of the Western Empire
East Roman Empire-Byzantine Empire-Greece included Huns pressure Germanic tribes to move westward
Huns are nomadic people from Asia Lived North of Black Sea on high steppes Fought mainly on horseback
Late 4th century they began to move closer to Black Sea
Visigoths
Western Goths Asked permission from Emperor Valens of the West to move west and said they would supply soldiers Crossed Danube River Were mistreated by Romans so they revolted Emperor Theodocius-followed Emperor Valens Reigned 379-375?? Made peace with Visigoths Some even became leaders in Roman army Were mistreated again 408 leader Alerec-wanted land in Northern Italy to have for their own but Senate refused Sack of Rome (410) Pillaged the city Lasted about 3 days
Vandals
One of several Germanic tribes that crossed into Rome in 406 Crossed the Rhine which was frozen Went into Gaul and looted it Moved into Spain
One of greatest kings was Theodoric
The Germanic Kingdoms
The Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy
Theodoric (493-526)
Received Roman education Tried to bring in Roman elements to rule as well 2 separate sets of laws One for Germans One for Romans Byzantine Invasion (535-554) Justinian Lombard Invasion 568 Conquered much of central and northern italy Didn't care about Rome like others admired it Didn't respect Roman traditions Very harsh rulers still Byzantine controlling part of Italy because Lombards mostly fight eachother
The Visigoth Kingdom of Spain
Want peaceful good co-existence with Romans Try to copy Roman practices but make sure to exclude Romans from power Followed heresy of Arianism Leaders saw this was unpopular with Romans so they converted to Latin Christianity Better relationships with the Romans Ability to intermarry with Romans One set of laws were made
The Frankish Kingdom
Started in the Baltic Sea Gave their name to France Clovis 482-511
Pagan Leader of one group of the Frankish people but gradually became the king of all of them 500 AD-converted to Christianity because he believed that Jesus made his enemies flee before him in battle Was one of the early members of Marivingian Dynasty Intermarried with Romans Lasted much longer than any of the Germanic kingdoms Fusion of Gallo-Roman and Frankish peoples
Anglo-Saxon England
Came from Denmark maybe Angles and Saxons invade England after Roman army had left Created small kingdoms Kent Southern England
Missed Friday Oct. 26 Christian Intellectual Life
Cassiodorus (c.490-585)
Divine and Human Readings
The "Venerable" Bede (c. 672-735)
Ecclesiastical History of the English People (731) First person to use A.D.
The Reign of Justinian (527-565)
Belisarius
Corpus Iuris Civilis ("Body of Civil Law")
Main contribution to history
Wrote a story of the life of the noble family and gave the "dirt" on them Procopius (c.500-562) The Empress Theodora
Actress and Prostitute Influence in government Very powerful influence Hypodrone-horse racing track where they had chariot races What team you supported, blue team or green team, decided who you hung out with Fight broke out about decision of who won so people rioted and got jailed Justinian didn't want to stay but his wife made him stay and fight and restore order
The Emperor's Building Program
Palace Complex Church of Hagia Sophia (537)
The Rise of Islam
The Arabs Bedouins (nomads) Allah- Ka'ba Mecca and Trade
Muhammad and Islam
Muhammad (570-632)
Born in Mecca-caravan manager
Hegira (Journey to Medina in 622) Submission to the will of Allah
Qur'an (Koran) Five Pillars of Islam Shari'a (Islamic Law)
The Spread of Islam
Abu Bakr becomes caliph (632) Jihad
Attacks against Byzantines and Persians
Assassination of Caliph Ali 661
Fatima-someones daughter
Muawiya becomes a caliph (661)
Umayyad Dinasty Damascus becomes capital
Shi'ites, followers of Ali Sunnites, supporters of the Umayyads Attack on Constantinople and defeat (717-718) Conquer North Africa and much of Spain
Battle of Tours (732) Charles Martel-ancestor of Charlemain