States of Consciousness
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Complete list of Terms and Definitions for States of Consciousness

Terms Definitions
Somnambulism Sleep-Walking
biological rhythms periodic physiological fluctuations.
narcolepsy hereditary sleep disorder characterized by sudden nodding off during the day and sudden loff of muscle tone following moments of emotional excitement
barbiturates tranquilizers; drugs that depress activity of the CNS, reduce anxiety, and impair memory and judgment
Stimulants activate motivational centers; reduce activity in inhibitory centers of sensory input
depressant drugs that predominantly decrease arousal
cocaine this stimulant blocks reuptake of dopamine
withdrawal the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug
withdrawl symptoms unpleasant physical or psychological effects that follw the discontinuance of a dependence producing substance
sleepwalking a sleep disturbance characterized by an episode of walking or performing other actions during stage 3 or stage 4 NREM sleep
Amphetamines drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes.
tolerance the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect.
sleep periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness- as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation
Addiction compulsive drug craving and use. Despote adverse consequences and often with physical symptoms such as aches, nausea, and distress following sudden withdrawl.
jet lag fatigue and sleep disturbance resulting from disruption of the body's normal circadian rhythm as a result of jet travel
Glial cells non-neuronal cells thaprovide support and protection for the brain's neurons there is roughly one glia for every neuron
hallucinogens psychedelic drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input
sleep apnea a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings
latent content according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream
manifest content accoridng to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream
physical dependence physiological need for a drug; unpleasant withdrawal symptoms
near-death experience an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death
dual processing the principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks
Night terrors bloodcurdling screams and intense fear in children during Stage 4 in sleep
hidden observer a hypnotized subjects awareness of experiences during hypnosis
psychoactive drug a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood
Our awareness focuses, like a flashlight beam, on a very limited aspect of all that we experience. Selective Attention
consciousness our awareness of the outside world and of ourselves, including our own mental processes, thoughts, feelings, and perceptions.
Posthypnotic Amnesia Supposed inability to recall what one experienced during hypnosis; induced by the hypnotist's suggestion
posthypnotic suggestion a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors.
Sleep Onset The period when we are falling asleep.
Monists the preumptions that the mind and body are different aspects of the same thing. Mind is what the brain does.
lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) hallucinogenic or "psychedelic" drug that produces hallucinations and delusions similar to those occuring in a psychotic state
REM rebound the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation
REM sleep (Rapid Eye Movement sleep) About 80% of dreaming
dissociation hypnosis theory a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts to
Delta Waves Emitting of large, slow waves that are associted with deep sleep.
Freudian view on dreams to psychoanalysts, dreams are a safety valve for unconscious desires
ambien famous sleep med
Hallucinogenics marijuana, LSD, ecstasy
Stimulants Drugs that activate motivational centers/reduce inhibitors
LSD powerful hallucinogenic drug (aka acid)
subconscious information we are not consciously aware of but we know must exist because of our behavior. (priming, mere-exposure)
Hypnosis A trancelike state of heightened suggestibility, deep relaxation, and intense focus. Hypnosis can be used to treat pain.
Ecstasy a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition.
Ernest Hillgard developed Dissocation Theory: hypnosis involved not only social influence but also a special state of dissocation consciousness. Viewed hypnotic associations as a vivid form of everyday mind splits.
Unconscious Level of consciousness that includes unacceptable feelings, wishes, etc, that are not available to conscious awareness.
dreams vivid visual and auditory experiences that oddur primarily during REM periods of sleep
Insomnia recurring problems in falling or staying asleep
dissociation a split in consciousness which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others
daydreaming state with focus on inner, private realities, which can generate creative ideas
cognitive development theory content reflects dreams cognitive development (knowledge and understanding)
Dream A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities and incongruties, and for the dreamer's delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it.
dualism the presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact.
REM sleep a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur; also known as paradoxical sleep because the muscles are relaxed but other body systems are active
posthypnotic suggestions A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject no longer is hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors.
barbituates drugs that depress the activity of the CNS, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement -ex) tranquilizers
Psychoactive Drugs Chemicals that can pass through the blood-brain barrier into the brain to alter perception, thinking, etc
monism the presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the same thing
2 functions of consciousness - provide best current interpretation of sensory info in light of past experience and - allows access to memories and other information
Stage 4 sleep deepest sleep stage. EEGs show mostly delta waves. (replenishing body)
reticular formation a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal
Stage 1 sleep quick sleep stage with gradual loss of responsiveness to outside, drifting thoughts, and images (the hypnagogic state). EEGs show theta waves.