The Skeletal
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Complete list of Terms and Definitions for The Skeletal

Terms Definitions
Ligament
thorac/o chest
burs/o sac
Compact Bone
synovi/o synovial membrane
shin bone tibia
breast bone sternum
storage; calcium & fat
Make blood Cells Hematopoesis
cavity sinus or labyrinth
fissure (depressions and openings) crack
Crest Priminent ridge of bone.
radi/o radius, lower arm bone
top sides of head parietal
bones at temples temporal bones
fracture repair -fracture hematoma -cartilage callus -bony callus -bone remodeling
Coccygeal, or caudal (axial) The "tail"
tone normal, healthy, partial contraction of muscles that gives muscles a firmness
Meatus Tubelike passageway within a bone
mandibular Pertaining to the lower jawbone
fibrous connective tissue membrane that covers and protects bone periosteum
cartilage callus (fracture repair) forms w/in weeks -fibroblasts enter hematoma and differentiate into chondroblasts -produce hyaline cartilage
  bone markings   FORAMEN -round passageway for bloodvessels and/or nerves
clavicle - acromial end Broader, horizontally flat Rougher lateral  
what is arthritis? -osteorthritis -rheumatiod -gouty -chronic degenerative condition, elder -chronic inflammatory dissorder -acid accumulates in the blood and may be deposited as needle shaped crystal 
Frontal Bones forehead region of the skull.
How can you classify joints (articulations)? -functional-structural
sacro-iliac joint is made of: hyaline cartilage
Mandibular fossa one of the temporal bones
osteopenia Deficiency of bone tissue regardless of the cause
Describe Osteochondroma benign projection with cartilaginous cap. Often involving distal femur (knee). Exostosis(excessive bone growth) occurs in epiphysealplate (metaphysis) and grows laterally. The most common benign bone tumor. Multiple exostoses may evolve into malignant disease (chondrosarcoma)
arthroclasia surgically breaking a jointarthr/o -clasia
growth in thickness appositional growth -osteoblasts in peritoneum divide and secrete matrix beneath periosteum
trochlea a pulleylike structure or arrangement of parts.
periosteum the normal investment of bone, consisting of a dense, fibrous outer layer, to which muscles attach, and a more delicate, inner layer capable of forming bone.
suture Fibrous jointEx: adjacent bones in the cranium  
what type of joint is typically fibrous? Synarthroses
the supraorbital margin is penetrated by the________ supraorbital foramen
The epiphysis is commposed mainly of? spongy bone
skull bony framework of the head, composed of cranial bones and the bones of the face.
Clavicle rod shaped bone that braces scapula against the top of the sternum
Sections of the Skeletal System Axial Skeletal Appendicular System
What type of bone is the scapula? Flat.
What is an osteoclastoma? characterized by numerous, multinucleated osteoclasticgiant cells (bubbles) May be either benign or malignant (50/50) 35% recur after surgical excision 15% aggressively malignant Effects epiphyses of long bones Expands outward from medullarycanal Osteolytic–reduce exposure Pathologic fractures often don’t heal because osteoclasticnature of disease
angle of mandible posterior, inferior corner of manible
Epiphysis Ends of bones. Attachment points for muscle, has cancellous bone covered by compact bone
cuboid noting or pertaining to the outermost bone of the distal row of tarsal bones.
ilium the broad, upper portion of either hipbone.
maxilla a jaw or jawbone, esp. the upper.
cartilage a firm, elastic, flexible type of connective tissue of a translucent whitish or yellowish color; gristle.
scapula either of two flat, triangular bones, each forming the back part of a shoulder in humans; shoulder blade.
Bony Pelvis two hip bones plus sacrum and coccyx
Within the diaphysis there is a hollow chamber filled with ...what? Marrow.
Synovial joints: plane joints; smooth flat surface over one another  (carpals)
Gliding Joints arthrodial joints. rocking motion of 1 joint surface on the other. primarily flexion & extension. abduction & adduction possible. ex: carpus
What is the strongest bone in the face mandible
lumbago low back pain, pain of the lumbar region of the spine
sacrum formed by the fusion of 5 sacral vertebrae
Both the maxillae and the palatine bones help to form the hard palate
What type of cell stores calcium from the blood and stores it in the bone matrix? Osteoblasts.
forms forehead, brow and superior eye orbit frontal bone
osteoclasia to surgically break to a boneoste/o -clasia
coronal suture a seam extending across the skull where the frontal bone and the parietal bones meet.
occipital bone a curved, compound bone forming the back and part of the base of the skull.
trapezoid a bone in the wrist that articulates with the metacarpal bone of the forefinger.
xiphisternum the lowermost of the three segments of the sternum.
haversian canal a microscopic channel in bone, through which a blood vessel runs.
lambdoidal suture the lambda-shaped seam or line of joining between the occipital and two parietal bones at the back part of the skull.
  bone markings   RAMUS -extension ofa bone making an angle to the rest of the bone
What covers the epiphysis to form a joint surface? ~Articular Cartilage
spiral fracture;    ragged break due to twisting at the time of impact  (common sports injury)
What are osteoblasts? These produce new bone matrix by synthesizing and secreting an organic matrix (osteoid).
Carpals 8 carpal bones in 2 rows of 4 each Pisiform, lunate, triangular, hamate, capitate, scaphoid, trapezoid, trapezium small size allows flexibility in wrist
how many bones in the lumbar vertebrae have? 5 bones
muscle attachment site on distal humerus medial and lateral epicondyles
number of bones in skull 22; 8 cranial; 14 facial
rib one of a series of curved bones that are articulated with the vertebrae and occur in pairs, 12 in humans, on each side of the vertebrate body, certain pairs being connected with the sternum and forming the thoracic wall.
olecranon the part of the ulna beyond the elbow joint.
fossa a pit, cavity, or depression, as in a bone.
acromial the outward end of the spine of the scapula or shoulder blade.
thorax the part of the trunk in humans and higher vertebrates between the neck and the abdomen, containing the cavity, enclosed by the ribs, sternum, and certain vertebrae, in which the heart, lungs, etc., are situated; chest.
fibula the outer and thinner of the two bones of the human leg, extending from the knee to the ankle.
parietal bone either of a pair of membrane bones forming, by their union at the sagittal suture, part of the sides and top of the skull.
pelvic girdle (appendicular) consists of the two "hip" bones, the innomonate bones, which articulate ventrally at the midline; each bone forms a joint with the sacrum.
on each side of the foramen magnum are the _______ occipital condyles
What is a gliding joint? Flattened or slightly curved faces with limited motion.
what bone type of bone is it? 2 parallel compact surfaces with a spongy layer in between flat bones
Where is bone marrow found in short bones? spongy bone (trabeculae)
tibia the inner of the two bones of the leg, that extend from the knee to the ankle and articulate with the femur and the talus; shinbone.
The Ribs - There are 12 ribs and 10 are true ribs and two are false.
What is homeostasis in bones? Bone building and bone recycling must balance or weakness occurs. Exercise maintiains bone building.
What is the periosteum of bone? fibrous membrane that covers the outside of the bone and contains the blood vessels
each coxal bone is formed by 3 smaller bones. these bones are? ilium, ischium, and pubis
Diagnosis of neoplastic pathology is dependent on: location of tumor, pattern of bone destruction, postition within the bone, and patient's age
Why is cartilage so slow to heal? b/c it doesnt get a direct blood flow