US History
1 / 423
Term:
Definition:
Show example sentence
Show hint
Flip Card
Keyboard Shortcuts
  • Previous
  • Next
  • F Flip card
Add to Favorites Copy & Edit this set
Optimal Learn Optimal Learn will design a customized study program to help you master this flashcard set by a given deadline. Take a Quiz

Complete list of Terms and Definitions for US History

Terms Definitions
Pilgrims ...
nationalism for the country
Jenny Lind The Swedish Nightingale
Congregationalism early 1600's -Element of self-government in Massachusetts -Every congregation is independent, no central authority -Chose their own minister -Chose their own political leaders -Had to be a member of the church to have this right, No religious freedom, came to practice true religion - puritans -Significance - Democratic form of church gov, many historians argue that seeds of American democracy can be found in congregationalism.
Pontiac's War Native American against Brittish.
Harlem Renaissance literary/artistic movement celebrating African-American culture
Lusitania A British passenger liner carrying munitions shot down. 1,198 lives were taken including 128 Americans.
Lobbying making direct contact with lawmakers or other government leaders to try to influence government policy
61. fallow fields left unplanted or untilled
Interstate Commerce Commission regulates trade between states
Causes of WWI 1)Assassination of Franz Ferdinand, 2)imperialism, 3)nationalism, 4)Alliance System, 5)militarism
Anne Hutchinson Protested authority and discussions of faith, goes to rhode island, slaughtered in Indian Attack
Social Darwinism derived form Darwin's theory of natural selection, the belief that society should do as little as possible to interfere with people's pursuit of success (pg.239)
telegraph a system for transmitting messages or signals to a distant place
Columbus's 3 ships Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria
Declaratory Act asserted Parliament's authority to tax the legislate for Britain's American possesions
Charles Sumner Radical Republican against the slave power who insults Andrew Butler and subsequently gets caned by Preston Brooks
Move of National Capital to Washington D.C. ...
writ of assistance legal document that allowed British customs officials to inspect a ship's cargo without giving a reason
Long drive Moving of cattle from distant ranges to busy railroad centers that shipped the cattle to market.
Lodge Reservations Thought of 14 "reservations" to the Treaty of Versailles. Made to mock the 14 points.
colony group of people who settle in a distant land but are stilled ruled by the government of their native land.
Occured because Indians were raiding settlements from the Sand Creek Reservation The Chivington Massacre
Babe Ruth hit 60 home runs in one season
mohammed reza pahlevi irianian ruler who received the hereditary tittle shah from his father in 1941 and with cia support helped to oust the militant nationalist mohammed mossadegh in 1953...
86. pooling agreement attempt to eliminate competition by price fixing, and by dividing up the market among controlling companies
John L. Lewis long-time labor leader who organized and led the first important unskilled workers labor union, called in to represent union during sit-down strike
the plateau which region is in present day canada?
culture the way of life of a given people
Niagara movement founded in 1905, a group of african american that called for full civil liberties, an end to racial discrimination, and recognition of human brotherhood.
Seneca Falls Convention First public women's rights meeting in U.S.
English Bill of Rights Guaranteed certain rights to English citizens. Introduced the concept of individual rights. (1689)
Boston Massacre British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists who were teasing and taunting them. Five colonists were killed. The colonists blamed the British and the Sons of Liberty and used this incident as an excuse to promote the Revolution.
sons of liberty Secret societies formed to protest new taxes passed by Parliament. Led the Boston Tea Party and threatened tax collectors.
McKinley 1900 pres. Mark Hanna paid to make him win. republican assassinated on Sept. 6,1901-> prophets curse.
"Positive good" thesis Idea of the pro-slavery movement, in Calhoun's words, the idea that the South shouldn't apologize for slavery as a necessary evil and defend it as a "good- a positive good" It was good for the slaves in that they enjoyed better conditions than northern industrial workers. Slavery was good for southern society because it allowed for blacks and whites to live in peace. Finally, it was good for the entire country because the southern economy, which was based on slavery, was key to the prosperity of the entire nation.
Salem Witch Trials One group of community got mad at another
Federal Reserve System Banking system that controls the US $ supply
Battles of Lexington and Concord first battles of American revolution April 19 1775
Writs of Assistance A British law that made it possible for British officials to search and seize anything they wanted from a colonist's home or place of business.
Wilson was uncertain about the public backing for the war, He appointed ______ ______ to head the committee on public information that tried to _______ _____ _________ George Creel, Promote Public Support
What was the legacy of the Vietnam War? Disillusionment with the US government; mentally and physically unwell troops
What did the government do to encourage people to move to the Mid-West? They passed the Homestead Act, which gave land to anyone who agreed to live there for at least 5 years. They also built the transcontinental railroad.
ordinance laws
Minutemen American Revolution
H.H. Richardson Trinity Church
Suffrage the right to vote
EPA Environmental Protection Agency, established by Nixon- made public responsible for public interest and required environmental impact statements of most public projects
Saladin Muslim general who recaptured Jerusalem and won the 3rd Crusade against Richard the Lion-Hearted
veto to deject or declare invalid
consul (2) executive branch; always patricians; serve 1 yr. terms; run government; veto power, must agree; army commander in times of war.
Margaret Sanger Promoted birth control in hospitals.
Emperor Franz Joseph Emperor of Dual Monarchy
Bishop A high-ranking Christian official who supervises a number of local churches.
potlach Northwest Indians shared their wealth in these ceremonies
Stalin was the leader of soviet union
pope the leader of western Christianity, and later the Catholic church
Prohibition 18th amendment, 1918, youths usually doing illegal drinking • Increase in binge drinking, decline of tradition religion and behavior gets worse • Leads to creation of organized crime
Pizarro Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (1475-1541)
hieroglyphics an ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds
The Great Migration increased the African American population of Northern cities.
Tithe a church tax peasant families were required to pay to the village priest
Fredrick William 1st Prussian ruler; unites Brandenburg and other states to form Prussia; runs state as if it were army; builds civil service based on military (Commissant governs both civil and military)
Calvinism the theological system of John Calvin and his followers emphasizing omnipotence of God and salvation by grace alone
SALT 1 the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks ratified by the Senate in October 1972, limited each nation to two antiballistic missile systems, froze each side's offensive nuclear missiles for five years, and committed both the United States and Russia to strategic equality rather than nuclear superiority
loose construction belief that government may exercise powers beyond those specifically listed in the constitution in order to carry out authorized functions
Separation of powers Constitutional division of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, with the legislative branch making law, the executive applying and enforcing the law, and the judiciary interpreting the law
Thomas Jefferson wrote the declaration of independence. 3rd president
Suleiman "The Magnificent" 1520-1566. He captures Baghdad. Extends the Ottoman Empire into Mesopotamia, North Africa, and into Eastern Europe. He sends an army to the gates of Vienna, which almost falls. Under him, the Ottoman Empire reaches its greatest extent.
(Nikita) Khrushchev Became Soviet Leader after Stalin's death. Communist Dictator.
168. What was an Anasazi dwelling called? pueblo
1867 Compromise Habsburgs agreed their state would be called the Austro-Hungarian empire but only 1/2 were Hungarian. Compromise made impossible to more to regional autonomy
Tennessee Valley Authority New deal program to control flooding.
Red scare a period of general fear of communists
Classical Greek art reflects an appreciation for ideal forms, balance, and harmony
Renaissance woman expected to be charming, know the classics, not seek fame, and inspire art (not create it)
federalist papers written in support of ratification of the constitution
salmon p. chase ambitious secretary of the treasury who wanted to replace lincoln as president in 1864
British Advantages more money, well trained army, better weapons and supplies, had a Navy
Push-pull Factors Conditions that draw people to another location (pull factors) or cause people to leave their homelands and migrate to another region (push factors)
Germanic Tribes invaded the Roman Empire from the North and East, caused the fall of Rome
This organization was founded after WWI to bring about peace and was a forerunner to the United Nations. League of Nations
Jim Crow Laws Laws that separated African- Americans and whites in public facilities
achievements of the Sumerians wheel, arch, plow, and sail
Bill of Rights #8 Punishment for Crimes Punishment must fit the crime
18. Mould-board The curved blade of the heavy, iron-tipped plow developed to turn over the clayey, moist soils of northern Europe
state sponsored terrorism violent acts against civilians that are secretly supported by a government in order to attack other nations without going to war
A. Philip Randolph demanded FDR end discrimination in the workplace
Danish War In 1864 after three months of fighting Denmark surrendered to Prussia and Austria; they were forced to give up two ducies, prussia would administer Schleswig and Austria would administer Holstein
Henry Ford was able to mass produce cars because he invented assembly line
George McClellan Union general who put together a force of soldiers called the Army of the Potomac, after the previous disaster of Bull Run
fredrick douglas a man born into slavery, who learned how to read and write and gave other slaves perspective
Divine Right The idea that God created the monarchy and that the monarch acted as God's representative on Earth
Stamp Act an act passed by the British parliment in 1756 that raised revenue from the American colonies by a duty in the form of a stamp required on all newspapers and legal or commercial documents
This period of French history before 1789 is known as this the Old Regime
Epic of Gilgamesh flood story gods shown as all powerful & harsh
Boer War(South African War) African forces won early battles in fighting against discrimination they received but British eventually won, inheriting gold into their empire.
became migrant seasonal agricultural laborers When the Texas cattle industry declined in the 1880s and many ranchers turned their lands into cotton farms, most vaqueros
have colonists believe that human beings had rights The Great Awakening did not
Pablo Picasso painter who was one of the creators of cubism
Tennis Court Oath Was when the delegates of the Nation Assembly swore "never to separate and to meet whenever the circumstances might require until they had established a sound and just constitution."
Two Italian born anarchists arrested for killing two men in an armed robbery in Mass. Their trial attracted worldwide attention Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti
Which was not a mjor cause of immigration to the US in the late 19th and early 20th century? Jobs,Religious freedom, Political freedom, and fresh start
Dolley Madison and washington DC wife of president Madison, who rescued documents and George Washington's portrait before it could be burned in White House by British
treaty of guadalupe hidalgo treaty when US pays mexico off to gain land
10. What is meant by "byzantine diplomacy"? used today when people achieve their goals through sketchy methods- through marriage, secret treaties and intimidation
What line of latitude is the tropic of cancer located at? twenty 3 and a half degrees north of the equator
Ohio
blitzkrieg lightning war
monasteries communities of monks
Appointed assigned to a position
Arable suitable for growing crops
Hominid An early ancestor of humans.
The meaning of Blitzkrieg. Lightening war
abdicate To step down from power
Trust working with multiple companies and taking control
Cuneiform "wedge-shaped" a system of writing developed by the sumerians using a reed stylus to create wedge-shaped impressions.
8,000 number of soldiers invading England from Spain
Cornelius Vanderbilt railroad baron; consolidated separate train lines into one railroad
Margaret Thatcher british conservative prime minister who got power in 1979 and tried to limit the welfare state and promote free enterprise
Adam Smith Scottish economist who advocated private enterprise and free trade (1723-1790). Wrote The Wealth of Nations
Fulani These people were originally a pastoral people who kept herds of cattle in the savannas of west Africa but by the late 17th century they had founded cities where they practiced a strict form of Islam. Beginning in 1820 they also led military campaigns to establish Islamic states in west Africa.
Hoplite a heavily armed Greek foot soldier
impeach the process of accusing a public offical of wrong-doing
albert speer an architect, author and high-ranking Nazi German government official, sometimes called "the first architect of the Third Reich"; had a close personal relationship with Hitler.
Satrap "Protector of the kingdom" the govenor of a province of the Persian empire under Darius.
Mestizo person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry
Shari'ah Islamic code of law that includes rules for all aspects of life
Fueled the most economic growth in1920's The automobile
Jethro Wood Patented an iron-bladed plow in 1819.
trebuchet this was the first large scale mechanized seige weapon and it could propel objects up to 980 feet at or over castle walls
Protectorate A country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power. Ex: Cuba/US
Decorations on the first letter or sentence done by medieval monks is called what? illumination
Eleanor Roosevelt Encouraged Pres. Roosevelt to begin the Second New Deal after viewing the problems of many poor people throughout America.
Icons Dispute over these divided the Church in the Byzantine Empire and in Western Europe
(Fidel) Castro US-Backed dictator of Cuba. Invaded Havana.
inspectors they rewarded counts who did their jobs well and punished those who did not
Berlin Conference the conference held in 1884-1885 that allowed countries to decide on rules about how Africa should be divided
ultimatum threat of harmful action made by one party to another if the other party rejects its proposal
New Model Army The disciplined fighting force of Protestants led by Oliver Cromwell in the English civil war.
Bourbon dynasty dynasty of France beginning with Henry IV
american system proposed by madison and supported by Henry clay, a plan to tie the sections of the country together
Oklahoma state where the indians will now be moved to
Tariff of Abominations The bill favored western agricultural interests by raising tariffs or import taxes on imported hemp, wool, fur, flax, and liquor, thus favoring Northern manufacturers. In the South, these tariffs raised the cost of manufactured goods, thus angering them and causing more sectionalist feelings.
Three-Sister Farming The cultivation of maize, beans and squash in an environmentally clever farming technique. Beans grew on the trellis of the cornstalks and squash covered the plant mounds to reatain moisture in the soil.
Long March more than yearlong journey in which Chinese Communists traveled to northwestern China while pursued by Nationalists
James I believed his right to rule came from: God
FDR President that brought the US out of the depression and into WWII
Akbar the Great. (1556-1605). Mughal Ruler. He expands the size of the Mughal Empire and helps the empire become more independent. He is appointed by governors and allows Hindus and Muslims to serve in the govermnet. He marries Hindu Princesses and abolishes the Jitza.
Confederate Strategies fight a defensive war, rely on European supplies and money
Elizabethan Era Period of cultural flowering that took place during the time that Queen Elizabeth I ruled England.
Mummification embalmment and drying a dead body and wrapping it as a mummy
The Federalist Papers Series of essays by Federalists James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay in support of ratifying the Constitution
Irrigate to bring water to dry land, usually by canals from rivers and streams
Punic Wars A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage; resulttedin the destruction of Cathage and Rome's dominance over the western Mediterranean.
Domesday Book Kept by King William the Conqueror to record the count of all people and property (a census) so the king could collect taxes. Book was completed in 1086.
Knights of Labor Labor union founded by Uriah S. Stephens in 1869, that grew out of the collapse of the National Labor Union and was replaced by AF of L after a number of botched strikes
Great Fear a wave of panic that spread through the French countryside after the storming of the Bastille in 1789
Yorktown: The Final Victory Cornwallis surrenders because he is trapped by the Americans
Elijah Muhammad man who disagreed with X on his views
Miguel de Cervantes Spanish writer who wrote Don Quixote (14.4)
Anaconda Plan Blockade North plan to seal off all naval ports, split the region at the Mississippi, and take control of railroads.Devised by gen. Scott Winfield
On what did German Strategy Blitzkrieg depend on surprise, overwhelm and force
The Second Great Awakening This was the second religious revival in the United States in the 1800's in which masses of people would gather to pray and many souls were "saved". The Methodists and Baptists became the most abundant religion from heavy recruiting. The Second Great Awakening renewed religion as the center of American culture and redefined American religions
king leopold II King of Belgium (r. 1865-1909). He was active in encouraging the exploration of Central Africa and became the ruler of the Congo Free State (to 1908). (p. 732). Cut off people's limbs if they didn't gather enough rubber.
Panic of 1837 Widespread fear about the state of the economy that spread after Van Buren took office
Balance of trade the difference in value over a period of time of a country's imports and exports of merchandise
Battle of Gettysburg Turning point of the War that made it clear the North would win. 50,000 people died, and the South lost its chance to invade the North.
Emergency Banking Act 4 day holiday to shut banks down, $1 billion gov't money pumped into banking system, raise ppl's confidence in banks
Civil Rights Act of 1968 The 1968 act expanded on previous acts and prohibited discrimination concerning the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on race, religion, national origin, and as of 1974, sex; as of 1988, the act protects the handicapped and families with children. It also provided protection for civil rights workers
The Battle (Massacre) of Wounded Knee the U.S. Army fired cannons on 350 starving freezing Sioux; within minutes, 300 of them were dead; this battle signaled the end of the frontier wars between the federal government and the Plains Indians
The support of Populist elected governor The key reason for the success of the Cripple Creek Miners strike of 1894 was
plebian commoners
pogroms organized massacres
Thomas Edison Light Bulb
reparations payment for war damages
Computers Major advancements in silicon microchip technology
Torries landed upperclassmen; support notion of strong king; conservatives
Marie Antoinette wife of Louis XVI
Exalt to praise, glorify, or honor
James Madison prominent adviser to the Constitutional Convention
arabesques geometric patterns repeated over and over to completely cover a surface with decoration
Anti-Federalists opponents of a strong central government who campaigned against the ratification of the Constitution in favor of a confederation of independant states
nixon lost earlier, resigned, water gate lied, opened up china, vietnam ended
Inca Large civilization in South America, 1438-1535
Name exquisite home of Louis XIV Versailles
epicurianism established by epicurus, he believed people were free to follow self interest as a motivating force
municipal having to do with city government
Mugwumps were independents who had left the Republican Party to vote for the Democratic nominee for president in the election of 1884.
Nazism a form of socialism featuring racism and expansionism
jerky dried buffalo meat - Plains Indian women cut up buffalo and dried it on racks creating jerky
patriarchs bishops of these empire cities: Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem
Hamilton's Economic Plan BEFAT......Tax on whiskey, protective tariff, national bank, pay off debts to individuals and states
Cleisthenes his reforms set the stage for democracy, divided Athens into 10 tribes for election purposes
referendum a legislative act is referred for final approval to a popular vote by the electorate
Used the scorched earth policy on Napoleon. Russia
What is the farming dialect of languages that began to move from the region of the Niger River in East Africa and the Congo River basin? Bantu
A military alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia in the years proceding World War I. Triple Entente
Reductionism process of over simplifying a complex idea, issue, conclusion or solution.
Hippocrates Created an oath that set ethical standards for doctors
Dissident Person who speaks out against the regime in power
taille What was the national tax in France?
Paris Peace Accords establish the following: Both sides would lay down arms, US would withdraw all troops, US would help with reconstruction, and POW would be released
Totalitarian State Totally ruled. so econonmy and market, government, etc is rules by state.
timur the lame rebellious warrior who briefly halted the Ottomans expansion, crushed the ottomans at the battle of Ankara
F.W. de Klerk Afrikaner President of South Africa; lifted ban on ANC(african national congress); Freed Mandela, ended apartheid
forty niners the people who migrated to California for gold in 1848
Wade-Davis Act Congress could only authorize a state government in former Confederate States when the majority of voters took an "ironclad" oath, stating that they were now loyal to the Union.
Eugene McCarthy served in the US Representatives and US Senate from the 1940s to the 1970s McCarthy was also a factor in why Johnson didn't run for re-election
The Jungle This 1906 work by Upton Sinclair pointed out the abuses of the meat packing industry. The book led to the passage of the 1906 Meat Inspection Act.
Bourgeoisie were the well educated group of the Third Estate that believed in liberty and eqality
Persepolis an ancient city that was the capital of the ancient Persian Empire
tenant farmer farmer who pays his lord, the landowner, a yearly rent and works for him a fixed number of days each year
Anne huchenson wwas all so kicked out of massachusettes bay colony, she was a devout chrisyisn puritant, but she scandalized the community by expressing her opinion about the sermons and saying god spoke to her directly.
Nero The emperor that allegedly set a great fire in Rome
Dien Bien Phu 15,000 French troops were surrounded by 40,000 Vietminh in northwest Vietnam.
Vasco da Gama Portuguese explorer who went around the Cape of Good Hope and the Indian Ocean to the coast of India (13.1)
Mountain created as liquid rock or ash erupts from inside the earth Volcano
good neighbor policy Franklin D. Roosevelt policy in which the U.S. pledged that the U.S. would no longer intervene in the internal affairs of Latin American countries. This reversed Teddy Roosevelt's Big Stick Policy.
Settlement house was designed to help those in need (particularly immigrants) overcome problems often associated with the rapid growth of cities in the late 1800s.
McCormick Reaper allowed farmers to cut more wheat in less time, patented 1834, by Cyrus McCormick
Reservationists part of the senate that voted no to the Fourteen Points and yes to the Treaty of Versailles; wanted to be a part time member of the League of Nations
Gifford Pinchot head of the U.S. Forest Servic under Roosevelt, who believed that it was possible to make use of natural resources while conserving them
A. Mitchel Palmer Attorney Gen. who "saw Red". earned title of Fighting Quaker by his excess of zeal in rounding up suspects.
This man blamed all of society's ills on population- Thomas Malthus
Clement V This pope moved the papal city from Rome to Avignon
embodied be an expression of or give a tangible or visible form
204. The sugar that went from the West Indies to New England was turned into _____________. molasses
Mikhail Gorbachev Head of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991. His liberalization effort improved relations with the West, but he lost power after his reforms led to the collapse of Communist governments in eastern Europe. (p. 863)
Ho Chi Minh Trail A network of jungle paths through North Vietnam
Response to the Panic - calls to address currency issues - calls for government to finance public work projects - coxey's army: protest march by unemployed workers
Under the Old Regime in France, the tax burden fell to which estate? The 3rd estate
Baby boom post WW2, men coming home from war and having families
Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat tp a white man in Montgomery, Alambama
Commodore George Dewey A general who lead the U.S. navy to defeat the Spanish (at Manila Bay) in the Spanish- American War, in 1898
Albany Plan of Union (1754) proposed by Ben Franklin; calls for unified response to Indians and French; "Join, or Die" cartoon; colonies and British reject the plan
A Serious Proposal to the Ladies book written by Mary Astell in English
The election of 1800 was a tie between what two candidates? Aaron Burr and Thomas Jefferson
The united nations was formed in order to prevent any more wars. The united nations had USA in it while the league of nations didn't. Why was the United Nations established after world war 2? What is the difference between the united nations and league of nations?
polis city-state
Christian rites sacrament
assyrians known for cruelty
a sacred agreement covenant
Constitutions written plans of government
Alger Hiss investicated by HUAC
NEP small-scale capitalism -- allows peasants to sell surplus for profit
genocide the deliberate and systematic extermination of a national, racail, political or cultural group
Countercyclical Spending (business cycle). Both Parties participate in it, when the government starts spending to end a recession
mercantilism mercantile practices or spirit; commercialism.
Rugged Individualism hoover's "pull yourself up" philosophy, to get out of Great Depression
Indelible incapable of being moved or erased
King of the Israelites after David Solomon
Francisco France was the Fascist leader in what country? Spain.
Oligarchy A government rule by the few.
Midnight Special Train that brought people from Jackson
Atlantic Charter Roosevelt and Churchill met near Newfounland in 1941 and agreed on the text of the _________.
Commodor Perry Opened Japans ports to foreign goods
Mecca the holiest city of Islam; Muhammad's birthplace
cold war A state of political hostility existing between countries, characterized by threats, violent propaganda, subversive activities, and other measures short of open warfare, in particular.
Elizabeth Tudor queen of England; tolerated all religious parties; Act of Supremecy named her "the only Supreme governor of both church and state; balanced power of France and Spain
Jamestown *Named after the king. *1607, Virginia Company sent ship to Chesapeake Bay and a hundred men built the fort. *First permanent english settlement in North America.
Brigham Young After the death of Joseph Smith...Young took over the Mormons and founded the state of "Deseret" (Salt Lake City). President Buchanan ordered the military to attack Salt Lake City when he found out that they were trying to make Polygamy a church doctrine.
F. Scott Fitzgerald spoke sadly about "disillusioned generation" in his popular book "This Side of Paradise"
JAMES BUCHANAN (D) 1857-1861     John Bell Constitutional Unionist in 1860
3.2 The Republic: structure and function cheif officials

magistrates-having power of command
SPQR (Senatus Populusque Romans)

\"The Roman Senate and People\"

motto for the Roman State
\"auctoritas\"

authority
\"pay attention\"
show by: general character or demeanor
craft guild trained yong people a skilled job regulated quality of goods sold built almshouses set working conditions provided health insurance
When Paris became alarmed about royal troops concentrated around it, citizens' militias sprung up crying, "Aux Armes!" which means__________. to arms
Prohibitory Act created because of olive petition act, betrayers of britain would be hung
platform in the election of 1848 taylor ran with out this
Daughters of Liberty Patriotic American women who supported the boycott of British goods in 1768 and 1769.
Ferdinand Magellen Minor portugese noble man set out from spain with 5 ships wanted to reach the pacific found the straits of magellen ships entered the southern tip of south america in to the straits of magellen into ballou's sea magellan was killed in the phillipeans
1st Red Scare the fear that anarchism would spread
Vice President of Communications Oversees the organization and publication of The Bond; develops and updates the Kappa Epsilon Web site; implements other means of communication as directed by Grand Council.
Medina another head city in Islam, city where Muhammad and followers were exiled. Muhammad gain great political, religious, and military power there
1808, plans to punish violaitons to neutrality through trade sanctions, WAR HAWKS, War of 1812 James Madison
whats a commodity agricultrual or mining product that can be sold
Fujiwara clan -In 856 the northern branch became pre-eminant-986 to 1086 its stranglehold on the court was absolute. -monopolized all key govt posts-married daughters to the emperor
When Justinian's armies regained control of Rome, what was the city like? It lay in ruins
Tet Offensive the massive assault against the US troops by NV and the Vietcong that basically ended Johnsons political career as president
Savanna A dry grassland dotted with trees and bushes
Mosaic a picture made up of small pieces of tile, glass, or colored stone
Canada those who didn't want to go to war, burned draft cards or fled to __________________.
Protective tariffs tariffs to raise their prices to same or more as yours oProtected industries; helped north, but really hurt the south
Caste System The social system in Hidu society in which a person's place is determined by the rank of the family into which he or she is born
Who was Robert Gray? Engaged in fur trade by circumnavigating the earth
Hoover's idea "We can work our way out of this"
This French controlled area was the land being fought over in the French and Indian War? Ohio River Valley
middle ages the period of human life between youth and old age, sometimes considered as the years between 45 and 65 or thereabout.
election of 1832 Jackson (with MVB as VP) runs agains Clay and Wirt; first election with a national nominating convention; Jackson wins
the elect the name for the people who are the ones who God has chosen to save in predestination. This is the belief of the Calvinism religion and that only these people can be saved and ordinary people cannot earn salvation. This belief was started by John Calvin in 1536 in France when he published "Institutes of the Christian Religion" and is still the belief of Calvinists today.
Boston Tea Party the dumping of 15,000 pounds of tea into Boston Harbor by colonists in 1773 to protest the Tea Act
How is the Spanish American war refered? the Splendid Little War
acts laid down the basic laws of trade with the colonies from 1650 to 1796 navigation acts
Valeiano "the Butcher" Weyler Spain General, sent to Cuba to restore order
What did the arrival of women help Jamestown become? a more permanent colony
Treatment of immigrants following declaration of war Many Americans with German names lost their jobs. A German-born miner, Robert Prager was wrapped in a German flag and lynched. They stopped teaching German in schools, towns with German names changed them. People would even smear them with tar and feather
Texas v. Johnson (1989) There may not be a law to ban flag-burning.
What was the condition of America's economy following WW1? There was a brief recession, followed by economic growth.
what changes did king louis XIV make to the religious tolerance? ended the edict of nantes, though hugenots were a threat to his power
How did Reze Shah gain the title Reze Shah Pahlavi? After he abolished the position of Shahs and named himself Reze Shah Pahlavi.
MALI religion Islam
Huguenot A French Calvinist
bummers confederate and union deserters.
jj astor furtrade in OR/NY
Prince Henry Henry the Navigator
Bedouins Arab nomad herders of deserts
  Mesoamerica     land from Valley of Mexico to Costa Rica
Bacon 4 idols; inductive method(experiment); Novum Organum; wrote New Atlantic--utopia
Sit-ins -act of protesting by sitting down -blacks would stay at a lunch counter waiting to be served -silent, non-violent -mostly college students
Chandragupta first gained power in Ganges Valley
Temujin (1165-1227 AD) united tribes by conquest, made capital at Karakorem
_________________ served as Secretary of Commerce under Harding. Herbert Hoover
John Marshall Aristocratic Federalist jurist whose rulings bolstered national power against the states
15th Amendment provides right suffrage without discrimination based on race and such... nothing about sex or anything like that
Charter - legal document giving certain rights to a person or company.
bessemer English engineer: inventor of the Bessemer process.
The Harlem Renaissance the flourishing of African-American literature and art in the 1920's, mostly in urban centers across America. Prominent figures: Langston Hughes, Claude McKay, W.E.B. DuBois
Louis Pasteur French chemist who founded modern microbiology, invented pasteurization, and developed vaccines for anthrax, rabies, and chicken cholera.
natural rights rights that people are born with
Marc Anthony Julius Caesar's general. Fought with Octavian for power of Rome and lost due to a naval battle. Committed suicide with Cleopatra
socialism one of the three basic economic theories that developed; a modification of capitalism; that governent should intervene in the economy and even own key industries for the public good; robert owen; Sweden is an example of a democratic socialist nation
Operation Barbarossa Codename for Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II -- led to USSR joining the Allies
Theodore Roosevelt's Conservation: when late 1800's, early 1900's
Fishermen; cedar plank houses, pit houses and potluck Pacific Northwest
maintained the balance between slave and free states Missouri Compromise
Lloyds of London world’s most important shipping insurance co
criteria of profession specialized education; body of knowledge; service orientation; ongoing research; code of ethics; autonomy; professional organization
dormant lying asleep or as if asleep; inactive, as in sleep; torpid:
battle of Sudan the major battle in the Franco-Prussian war where louis napoleon was captured
recall the act of removing an official by petition
Russo-Japanese War War between Japan and Russia over territory in Manchuria beginning in 1905; Japan defeated the Russians, because of its naval power; Japan annexed Korea in 1910 as a result of military dominance (p. 656 & 665)
Louis XVI Became part of France's debt problem with his spending sprees
Margaret Fuller Editor of The Dial Reporter for New York Tribune Wrote Women in the nineteenth Century
Deficit Spending government spends more than it takes in and goes into debt.
BLUESTONES ring of standing stones at center of Stonehenge, (stone is over 140km away)
Convention of 1800 Agreement to formally dissolve the United States' treaty with France, originally signed during the Revolutionary War. The difficulties posed by America’s peacetime alliance with France contributed to Americans’ longstanding opposition to entangling alliances with foreign powers.
The Federalists Papers Series of eighty-five essays published in newspapers arguing in favor of the Constitution
Entrepreneur The owner or manager of a business enterprise who, by risk and initiative, attempts to make profits
16th amendment income tax=legal, passed during WWI to raise money for the war from the wealthy, expanded to all americans in wwII
Mochtezuma II he rule the Aztec empire, including the city of Tenochtitlan
roosevelt corallary keep out of our hemisphere, we will take care of getting things to and from europe 1904
David Wilmot member of Congress best known for the "Wilmot Proviso" (1846). This was a plan to not allow slavery in any of the land annexed from Mexico after the Mexican-American War. It did not pass, but was considered the first event in a long slide towards the Civil War.
first families of Virginia Wealthy extended clans like the Fitzhughs, Lees, and Washingtons that dominated politics in the most populous colony
Navigational Act all supplies had to be carried on British ships
Napoleon offers to sell the city of New Orleans and Louisiana Territory to United States for $15million Louisiana Purchase
"iron law of wages" - observation by David Ricardo - noted that when wages were high, families had more children, BUT more children = more workers = lower wages and higher unemployment
Seven Years War French and Indian War, 1754, inflamed frontier for years, over fur trade in northern colonies
who was the interim president of the confederate states of america? jefferson davis
shiite a member of the branch of Ilsam that regards Ali and hid descendants as the successors of Mohammed and the rejects
-The Feminine Mystique 1963 book written by Betty Friedan which attacked the popular notion that women during this time could only find fulfillment through childbearing and homemaking. According to The New York Times obituary of Friedan in 2006, it “ignited the contemporary wom
Theory of evolution the theory that all forms of life developed from earlier forms through the process of natural selection
Manhattan Project The name of the project to develop the atomic bomb
Thomas Paine's "common sense" A pamphlet titled "common sense" 47 page widely read, Paine attacked King George and the Monarchy.
Jones Act of 1916 granted Filipinos the right to elect both houses of their legislature
Checks and Balances Works by limiting the power of each of the branches of government
Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act of 1909 A shelter for eastern industry from foreign competition.
end the Great Schism What was the purpose of the Council of Constance
how did people view the south after the cane incident? they looked down on them
Christopher Columbus believed that by sailing west 2,500 nautical miles he would find a direct and profitable route to Japan.
The U-2 Incident and Collapse of the Paris Summit : Since 1955, American high-altitude U-2 spy planes had been carrying out surveillance operations over Soviet territory. On May 1, 1960, the Soviets succeeded in downing a U-2 and capturing the pilot. Khrushchev used this U-2 incident to break up the Paris summit meeting that was about to convene in June. Summit had little chance of success since neither side likely to give in.
two shaft graves in main room of building at Lefkandi one contained a man and women and the other 4 horses, man was cremated and place in 100 year old Cypriot bronze amphora next to sword razor spearhead and whetstone the woman was buried in gold jewerly with a dagger. horses are symbol of wealth, wealthy enough to trade with cypress, tools needed for next life
reconquista reconquer
Cornelius Vanderbilt—Railroading Railroading
george rogers clark revolution
emancipation freeing of the slaves
swamp lowland region saturated by water
Great Society President Johnson's domestic plan/reform
NAACP National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; founded by WEB DuBois and others in 1909; to pursue goals of economic, educational, and social equality for African Americans
Calhoun *Calhoun was Jacksons VP*promising future*intended to be next pres*South Carolina*voted for Clay's American System
benjamin franklin Printer, author, inventor, diplomat, statesman, and Founding Father. One of the few Americans who was highly respected in Europe, primarily due to his discoveries in the field of electricity.
Mao Zedong Communist leader in revolutionary China; advocated rural reform and role of peasantry in Nationalist revolution; influenced by Li Dazhao; led Communist reaction against Guomindang purges in 1920s, culminating in Long March of 1934; seized control of all of mainland China by 1949; initiated Great Leap Forward in 1958.
In midieval Europe, the Church considered usury, the selling of positions in the Church a sin F
Simon Bolivar Venezuelan revolutionary who, along with Jose de San Martin was hailed as the "Liberator of Sotuh America'' in 1810.
Mozart Classical composer; was a child prodigy
Harry Turman became president after President FDR
Asoka Indian emperor who help spread.Rule began in 274 BCE
Containment Kennans analysis; recognized that East Europe lost to communism; wants to stop the spread of communism
what did jackson seek to destroy national bank
Lee's Resolves first presents idea that colonies should be free and independent states
armistice cease fire between opponents in a war
Bessemer Process efficient method of making steel; developed by British inventor Henry Bessemer and American William Kelly in the 1850s
Jim Crow practice or policy of segregating against blacks in public places, vehicles or employment.
Abraham Lincoln   Born in Kentucky in 1809 §        Age 25, wins seat in Illinois legislature §        4 Years In Legislature Opposed slavery on moral grounds.
Moral Diplomacy Wilsons foriegn policy program which was ised in Mexicos revolt.. When exploited poor Mexican people installed Gen. Heuerta to presidency and rebels threated Americans, Wilson refused to interven (though let musitions flow ot Huerta rivals) until sailors arrested and he finally threatend to use force and only moved in after murders (didnt puersue agressive foreign policy and stopped "dollar diplomacy" also signed 1916 Jones aSct granting philiopenes promised independence
Which of the following commanded U.S. forces in Asia in W.W. II?   a. Bernard Montgomery b. Douglas Mac Arthur c. George Patton d. Erwin Rommel b.
What kind of person assassinated Ghandi? A Hindu
Bill Clinton -Profoundly concerned by the Vietnam War -Notorious womanizer -Chose to go to Georgetown instead of UArkansas -Met Hill at Yale Law School -Attorney General and then Governor of Arkansas -Continuously the comeback kid -Beat Bush Sr. in 1992 and Bob Dole in 1996 -Everything had to be cleared by him, Hill and Al -Healthcare was his project but Whitewater and Monica ruined it -Fantastic economy and relatively calm foreign policy (brought Palestine and Israel together)
Red Guards Chinese high school and college students who formed militias
franklin roosevelt U.S. diplomat, author, and lecturer (wife of Franklin Delano Roosevelt).
Guerillas small bands of fighters who weaken the enemy with surprise raids and hit-and-run attacks
Townshend Acts A tax that the British Parliament placed on leads, glass, paint and tea
Mosque Muslim house of worship, often seen in it is a mithrob which indicates that you are facing Mecca.
Embalming Method of preparing a body for burial which allowed bodies to be preserved for many, many years as mummies. A body no embalmed would decay quickly.
Nineteenth Amendment - women granted the right to vote
Et Cetera "And so on" "other things" always abbreviated as etc.
17th parallel -vietnam was divided at 17 degrees north latitude
Albert Fall Hardings SEC of INTERIOIR. BRIBED by pivate interests for OIL... TEAPOT DOME SCANDAL.
Gettysburg Address In Nov. 1863, Lincoln came to Gettysburg to dedicate a portion of the battlefield as a military cemetery. His speech-the Gettysburg Address-became one of the best-known orations in American history.
What vote really elects the President of the United States? Electoral College
alliance signed by great britian, austria, russia, and prussia to protect europe from revolutionary movement concert of europe
Hunter-gatherer societies in the Old Stone Age pos c. bone tools
coadjutor an assistant to a bishop or other ecclesiastic.
What role did he Paul Robeson excel in by British standards? Othello
Articles of Confederation a firm league of friendship between the states after Revolutionary War; allows each state to keep sovereignty and independence with rights carefully safeguarded; only has one branch (a congress); passes Land Ordinance of 1785 and Northwest Ordinance; too weak and dependent on states to be overall effective; no dependable source of government
five pillars of islam statement of faith, prayer, fast, hajj, alms giving
this name given to kissinger b/c he traveled back and forth to israel, egypt, and syria to help oil embargo shuttle deplomacy
Berlin aircraft -the SU sut off highway, water, and rail traffic from berlin-SU took Berlin hostage-to break the blockade, US and British officials flew food and supplies into West Berlin-4 nearly 11 months, planes took off and landed every 3 mins.-the SU lifted the blockade in May 1949
Whiff of Grapeshot The way in which Napoleon Bonaparte silenced a royalist uprising in 1795.
What was the Rome-Berlin axis? Agreement between Hitler and Mussolini.
Treaty of Versailles -Between the Allies and Germany at the end of WWI-Reestablished international order by creating unfair rules for Germany-Some of Germany's land was taken away, they had to limit their army to 100,000 men, and agree to stay out of the Rhineland-Declared that Germany was responsible for the war and had to pay for the reparations
Franklin D Roosevelt took over during great depression and led the country out of it and through 1932
nation - state a political unit with the authority to make laws and enforce them
T or F: Don Quixote was the writer of the book Miquel de Cervantes. false
Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson One of the greatest military heroes of the Civil War and one of the greatest generals of all time.He fought under Lee. Was killed by one of his own men as he was mistaken as the enemy.
Does not benefit Having a high tariff on an imported good or product __________________________ the consumer.
Arguments against the use of Nuclear Weapons (2) -Japanese talking of surrender-Japanese economy already down because of regular bombing
Harlem Race Riot (1943) On August 1, 1943, an NYPD policeman hit an African American woman who was being arrested for disturbing the peace at the Braddock Hotel in Harlem. Robert Brady, a black soldier in the U.S. Army, tried to stop the police officer striking the woman again. The situation rapidly escalated; the police officer drew his service revolver and shot Brady in the arm. While Brady was being brought to a nearby hospital, a crowd quickly gathered. An onlooker shouted that an African American soldier had been killed, provoking a riot.
3.40 Canada's Manufacturing Newsprint Canada is the world leader in the manufacture of newsprint,an inexpensive paper that is generally used for newspapers. 
At the time of the dispersion, where did Peter tell the apostles to go? Throughout the known world
What is the goal of the "green revolution"? increase global crop + yields
The 3rd crusade had lots of problems. Frederick died crossing a river. The French & English arrived by boat & captured a city but were not able to advance. Philip went home. After that, this man took a small piece of territory along the coast &amp Richard I = “The Lion-Heart"
Why did historians feel the need to alter the name of the Eastern Roman Empire? What was it changed to? -The world wasn't very Roman anymore->different law, customs, gov't, language-Byzantine
what was the third step to the compromise of 1850 (henry clay\'s proposal) abolish the slave trade in dc (capitol)